• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2005

최근, 다양한 경사도의 니켈-티타늄 근관기구와 더불어 다양한 경사도의 gutta-percha cone이 소개되었다. 효율적인 근관 충전을 위해서는 짧은 시간에 적은 수의 기구 및 재료를 사용하여 균일한 gutta-percha로 근관을 충전할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 0.06 경사도의 니켈-티타늄 전동화일로 형성된 만곡 근관에서 측방 가압법으로 근관충전시 비표준화 medium 크기 master gutta-percha cone의 충전효율을 ISO 표준화 규격의 master cone과 비교하여 평가하고자 하였다. 60개의 모형레진 만곡근관에서 0.06 경사도의 니켈-티타늄 전동화일 ($ProTaper^{TM},\;ProFile^{(R)}$, Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)을 사용하여 근단부 근관이 30번 크기가 되게 crown-down법으로 근관을 형성하였다. 근관은 master gutta-percha cone, AH 26 실러 (Dentsply-DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), 그리고 type A accessory cone (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)을 사용하여 측방가압법으로 충전하였으며, 이 때 사용된 master gutta-percha cone(Diadent, Chongju, Korea)과 Finger spreader(B type, Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)에 따라 임의로 15개씩 4개의 군으로 나누어 실험하였는데, St/SS 군에서는 ISO 표준화 규격의 30번 master cone과 스테인레스 스틸 finger spreader를, St/NT 군에서는 ISO 표준화 규격의 30번 master cone과 니켈-티타늄 finger spreader를, Non-St/SS 군에서는 비표준화 medium 규격 master cone과 스테인레스 스틸 spreader를, 그리고 Non-St/NT 군에서는 비표준화 medium 크기 master cone과 니켈-티타늄 finger spreader를 각각 사용하였다. 충전된 근관은 $37^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 $100\%$하에서 24시간 보관한 후, 치근단 1, 3및 5 mm수준에서 횡절단하여 입체현미경 하에서 관찰하고 컴퓨터에 저장한 다음, $Auto^{(R)}$CAD 2000 프로그램을 이용하여, 형성된 근관 및 gutta-percha 충전물의 외형을 추적하여 근관내 gutta-percha 면적비를 계산하였다. Gutta-percha 면적비의 결과치는 two-way ANOVA를, 그리고 accessory cone 수는 one-way ANOVA 및 Duncan's multiple range test를 이용하여 통계 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 스테인레스 스틸 finger spreader를 사용한 경우 및 니켈-티타늄 finger spreader를 사용한 경우 공히, 모든 치근단 수준에서 비표준화 medium 크기 master cone 사용군이 ISO 표준화 규격의 master cone 사용군에 비해 유의하게 높은 gutta-percha 면적비를 나타내었다 (p < 0.01). 비표준화 medium크기 master cone 사용군에서는 표준화 규격의 master cone 사용군에 비해 유의하게 적은 수의 accessory cone이 사용되었다 (p < 0.01).

• 암석학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.190-206
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• 1998

북부 소백산육괴의 중남부에 위치한 장군봉지역의 고생대 변성퇴적암류(조선누층군과 평안층군)에 대한 미구조와 변형작용과 변성광물들 성장(변성작용) 사이의 상대적인 시간관계를 연구하였다. 첫 번째 변성작용은 스태크상 클로리토이드 및 조립 흑운모와 안구상 홍주석 광물들의 결정화작용과 관련된 저압형 변성작용으로 인지된다. 이러한 변성작용은 동-서향의 등사 향사습곡(장군봉 습곡)과 그 축면엽리에 해당하는 S1 엽리면 형성과 관련된 D1 변형 이전의 비변형조건하에서 발생하는 고생대 변성퇴적암류에 광역적인 동-서향의 광물분대를 형성시켰다. 두 번째 변성작용은 직선 내지 곡선 형태의 내부엽리 Si를 갖는 십자석과 석류석 반상변정들의 성장과 관련된 중압형 변성작용이다. 이러한 변성작용은 장군봉 습곡 구성지층들의 부분적인 결손을 초래하는 동-서향 드러스트들의 발달과 관련된 D1 변형 이후의 비변형조건하에서 발생하였고, 동-서향의 예천전단대 형성과 관련된 D2 변형 동안에 계속 발생하여 고생대 변성퇴적암류에 역시 광역적인 동-서향의 광물분대를 형성시켰다. 세 번째 변성 작용은 팻치상 홍주석과 주상 내지 섬유상 규선석 그리고 조립 석류석 광물들의 성장과 관련된 쥬라기 춘양화강암에 의한 접촉변성작용이다. 이러한 접촉변성작용은 S3 파랑엽리면 형성과 관련된 D3 변형 이전의 비변형조건하에서 발생하였고, D3 변형의 전기단계 동안에 계속 발생하여 춘양화강암체의 근접부에 제한된 남-북향의 광물분대를 형성시켰다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1361-1370
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• 2006

An electronic beam mis-landing phenomenon on the RGB (red/green/blue) -fluorescent surface has been considered as one of serious problems to be solved in cathode-ray tube (CRT), which is generally caused by mechanical shock and vibration. In this work, structural design concepts on the major parts of the CRT, such as a frame, a shadow mask, and a spring, are studied to improve the mechanical shockproof character of a CRT by FEM-analyses and experimental approaches ; a frame is newly designed to have strength employing the double-corner-beads which reduces considerably the distortion of the frame and the shadow mask : the edge-bead of a shadow-mask is redesigned to maintain the wide curved surface of a shadow-mask after mechanical shock : finally, a spring supporting the frame and the shadow-mask is designed to have enough flexibility along drop-direction. As an example, a conventional type of a 15inch CRT was utilized to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of this work. Overall, some favorable information on the structural design of the CRT is achieved, and the mechanical shockproof character of a 15-inch CRT is improved in the degree of 3G $(1G=9.81m/s^2)$ as an average-value.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.320-328
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• 2011

The down town passage segment which follows in the straight line which follows recently in high speed of the railway and rail construction is increasing. Also according to quality of life improvement of the citizens whom follows in national income increase the resident demand only becomes larger day by day about a environmental creation which is comfortable and house environmental etc. Demand of the citizens is not the problem of today yesterday about like this railway mean of transportation and with the fact that continuously will increase in future. This study is to predict and reduce railway noise from the conventional PSC-beam bridges which passes through urban areas under the government strateges of speed and weight increases of railway. The purpose of this study is to recommend a proper noise prediction method for designing pleasant roadside environments. The railway design including existing line reconstructions should minimize curved alignment to increase train speed to 180~200km/hr under the government's long-term planing such as the 4th Comprehensive National Development Plan (2000~2020), National Intermodal Transportation Plan (2000~2019) and National Railroad Network Establishment Plan (2006~2015), Since the PSC-beam bridges are mainly used for bridge structures urban areas, noise measurements were performed and analyzed to recommend the noise prediction methods for each type and speed of train respectively.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.583-588
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• 2015

Flexible tactile sensors can provide valuable feedback to intelligent robots regarding the environment around them. This is especially important when robots such as, service robots share a workspace with humans. This paper presents a contact force measurement algorithm of a flexible tactile sensor. This sensor is manufactured by a direct-writing technique, which is one 3D printing method, using multi-walled carbon nano-tubes. An analog signal processing circuit has been designed and implemented to reduce noise contained in the sensor output. In addition, a digital version of the Butterworth filter was implemented by software running on a microcontroller. Through various experiments, characteristics of the sensor system have been identified. Based on three traits, an algorithm to detect the contact and measure the contact force has been developed. The entire system showed a promising prospect to detect the contact over a large and curved area.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.887-892
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• 2004

On curved rail, the speed of train must be reduced in order to keep riding comfort. So, the train has the speed limitation in conventional railway line. But if the train has the tilting mechanism, the speed of train is able to be increased while maintaining the riding comfort. Generally, the tilting train is faster than the non-tilting train about 30% in curve. The tilting train technology and reduction of travel time has been carefully investigated by KRRI (Korea Railroad Research Institute). Based on the primary research result from KRRI, tilting control system and tilting operation interlace are considered its core technology to apply tilting train to Korean conventional railway. In this paper application of non-tilting pantograph to tilting system will be introduced. New type of bogie frame and system modification of vehicle are invented to apply non-tilting pantograph to tilting train.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2020

This study analyzed the surface roughness of the fine particle spraying process in the plane and the surface roughness by the factors in the fine particle spraying process on the helical surface is analyzed. Finally, the surface fine particle spraying process and the helical curved surface fine particle Analyze the difference in injection conditions of the injection process. Key process variables are particle type, nozzle diameter, and pressure. The remaining conditions are fixed values of. A total of 32 experiments were conducted, each with different process variables. Rectangular and cylindrical specimens were fabricated and a corresponding jig was prepared for use in the experiment. Analyses conducted by using ANOVA enabled comparisons of the effects of each process variable on the experiment.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.842-849
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• 2011

The human ear canal amplifies the sound pressure level at specific frequency bands. The characteristics of the ear canal are very similar to those of curved cylindrical tube. In this study, the characteristics of sound transfer in human ear canal were measured and the acoustical space of ear canal was reproduced from the canal cavity geometry. For the measurement of sound transfer function in ear canal, a probe microphone and a reference microphone were used. The sound transfer functions were measured for 5 human subjects. To reproduce the acoustical space of the ear canal, two kinds of ear simulator were designed. The first one is a straight cylindrical tube type and the other is a real-shape ear of which geometry was taken from a micro-CT scanning of a human ear. The characteristics of the reproduced apparatus were compared with those of the human and a commercial ear simulator, RA0045 of G.R.A.S. Inc. The comparison results show that the developed apparatus well represent the ear canal characteristics in the low frequency, but have limited coincidence in level over high frequency range.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2003

This paper proposed PID controller for torch slider and PD controller for motor right wheel. to control the motion of two-wheeled welding mobile robot with seam tracking sensor touched on welding line. The motion control is realized in the view of keeping constant welding velocity and precise seam tracking even though the target welding line is on straight line or curved line. The position and direction of the body of the mottle robot are controlled by using signal errors between seam tracking sensor and body positioning sensor attached on the end of torch slider and body side of the mobile robot, respectively. In turning motion, the body and the torch slider are controlled by using the kinematic model related with two motions of body turning and torch sliding. The straight locomotion is controlled according to eleven control patterns obtained from displacements between two sensors of the seam tracking sensor and the body positioning sensor. The effectiveness is proven through the experimental results fur lattice type welding line. Through the experimental results, we can see that the position value of the electrode end point and the welding velocity are controlled almost constantly both in straight and turning locomotion.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.315-333
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• 2008

This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of muscular men's somatotype to develop their clothing pattern. The body sizes of 168 men categorized as the muscular type according to the Somatotype Classification by Sheldon and Heath-Carter, were compared with the 5th Korean body size measurement (KBSM) conducted by SizeKorea in 2003, to analyze the characteristics of muscular men's somatotype. The results are as follows: 1. Compared to the 5th KBSM, the subject's body size is higher in the Chest, Upper Arm, Calf, Hip, and Thigh Circumference, and Thigh Thickness, and Waist Back and Biacromion Length, but lower in the Waist Circumference. 2. The subject group shows the characteristics of a wedge-shaped somatotype which has a broad chest and a slim waist, and of having a back more developed, longer and more curved, compared to the non-muscular men. 3. The study shows the subject group has the characteristics of both the wedged somatotype with wide chest and slim waist, and the X somatotype with projected hips and thighs.