• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 1991년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 1991

The object of this study is to propose the bending moment-curvature relationships based on the bond properties between concrete and steel for noncraking zone, and evaluate the flexural displacement of reinforced concrete members. The bond-slip relationship and the strain hardening effect of steel were taken into account in order to evaluate the spacing of the cracks and the curvature distribution. Calculated curvature distribution along the longitudinal axis was transformed into equivalent curvature distribution. The flexural displacement was calculated by means of double intergral of the equivalent curvature. Calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.327-335
• /
• 2012

We study half lightlike submanifolds M of semi-Riemannian manifolds $\widetilde{M}$ of quasi-constant curvatures. The main result is a characterization theorem for screen homothetic Einstein half lightlike submanifolds of a Lorentzian manifold of quasi-constant curvature subject to the conditions; (1) the curvature vector field of $\widetilde{M}$ is tangent to M, and (2) the co-screen distribution is a conformal Killing one.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
• /
• pp.123-124
• /
• 2002

A press shoe is an element of a machine for squeezing water from wood pulp in the field of manufacturing paper. This is used to compress the pulp enveloped by felt sheet with a large roller. The squeezing force is made by hydraulic pressure. The press shoe has a mechanism similar to a partial hydrostatic bearing. The pressure profile between press shoe and roller affects their squeezing ability, and partial peak pressure can tear the wet pulp. The curvature of the surface of press shoe varies to reduce the peak pressure and increase the mean pressure simultaneously. Therefore, the prediction of pressure distribution considering partially changed curvature of hydrostatic bearing is very important for designing the press shoe. In this study, the difference formulation of Reynolds' equation for partial hydrostatic bearing is by direct numerical method and a computer program to calculate the pressure distribution is developed. We investigate the effect of partially changed curvature of bearing surface on the pressure distribution. Other design parameter for hydrostatic bearing such as depth of pocket and relative velocity are also studied.

• KSTLE International Journal
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2002

A press shoe is an element of a machine for squeezing water from wood pulp in the field of manufacturing paper. This is used to compress the pulp enveloped by felt sheet with a large roller. The squeezing farce is made by hydraulic pressure. The press shoe has a mechanism similar to a partial hydrostatic bearing. The pressure profile between press shoe and roller affects their squeezing ability, and partial peak pressure can tear the wet pulp. The curvature of the surface of press shoe varies to reduce the peak pressure and increase the mean pressure simultaneously, Therefore, the prediction of pressure distribution considering partially changed curvature of hydrostatic bearing is very important far designing the press shoe. In this study, the difference formulation of Reynolds equation far partial hydrostatic bearing is derived by direct numerical method and a computer program to calculate the pressure distribution is developed. We investigate the effect of partially changed curvature of bearing surface on the pressure distribution. Other design parameter far hydrostatic bearing such as depth of pocket and relative velocity are also studied.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the importance of the slope and curvature of the volatility curve implied in option prices in the KOSPI 200 options index. A number of studies examine the implied volatility curve, however, these usually focus on cross-sectional characteristics such as the volatility smile. Contrary to previous studies, we focus on time-series characteristics; we investigate correlation dynamics among slope, curvature, and level of the implied volatility curve to capture market information embodied therein. Our study may provide useful implications for investors to utilize current market expectations in managing portfolios dynamically and efficiently. Research design, data, and methodology - For our empirical purpose, we gathered daily KOSPI200 index option prices executed at 2:50 pm in the Korean Exchange distribution market during the period of January 2, 2004 and January 31, 2012. In order to measure slope and curvature of the volatility curve, we use approximated delta distance; the slope is defined as the difference of implied volatilities between 15 delta call options and 15 delta put options; the curvature is defined as the difference between out-of-the-money (OTM) options and at-the-money (ATM) options. We use generalized method of moments (GMM) and the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) method to verify correlations among level, slope, and curvature of the implied volatility curve with statistical support. Results - We find that slope as well as curvature is positively correlated with volatility level, implying that put option prices increase in a downward market. Further, we find that curvature and slope are positively correlated; however, the relation is weakened at deep moneyness. The results lead us to examine whether slope decreases monotonically as the delta increases, and it is verified with statistical significance that the deeper the moneyness, the lower the slope. It enables us to infer that when volatility surges above a certain level due to any tail risk, investors would rather take long positions in OTM call options, expecting market recovery in the near future. Conclusions - Our results are the evidence of the investor's increasing hedging demand for put options when downside market risks are expected. Adding to this, the slope and curvature of the volatility curve may provide important information regarding the timing of market recovery from a nosedive. For financial product distributors, using the dynamic relation among the three key indicators of the implied volatility curve might be helpful in enhancing profit and gaining trust and loyalty. However, it should be noted that our implications are limited since we do not provide rigorous evidence for the predictability power of volatility curves. Meaning, we need to verify whether the slope and curvature of the volatility curve have statistical significance in predicting the market trough. As one of the verifications, for instance, the performance of trading strategy based on information of slope and curvature could be tested. We reserve this for the future research.

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 1991

본 연구의 목적은 휨거동을 하는 철근콘크리트 부재의 변위를 해석적으로 정확하게 구하기 위해 평균 휨균열간격 및 휨모멘트-등가곡률 관계(M-$\Phi_eg$)의 해석법을 제안한 것이다. 제안식은 비균열 구간에서의 철근과 콘크리트 간의 부착특성 및 재료의 소성영역을 고려하여 정확한 곡률분포를 계산함으로써 구할 수 있다. 제안된 해석법의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 34개의 철근콘크리트 보 부재를 제작, 휨재하 실험을 실시하였으며 해석치와 비교검토하였다. 그 결과 실험치와 해석치는 매우 잘 일치하여 본 해석법의 실용성 및 정확성이 입증되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.689-694
• /
• 2004

We investigate the test for model adequacy in nonlinear regression. We can expect the usual likelihood ratio statistic to be unaffected by any parametric- effect curvature; only the effect of intrinsic curvature needs to be considered. Multiplicative correction factor is derived for the limiting distribution of test statistic, which is a function of the intrinsic curvature arrays.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.1020-1024
• /
• 1987

Image segmentation based on the curvature of bi-directiona distribution functions of histogram with no mode informations is proposed. The curvature is an oscillating function and can be approximated to a polynomial form with a least square method using the Chebyshev basis. Nonhomogeneous linea equations are solved by Gauss-elimination method. In the proposed algorithm, critical points of the curvature are obtained on each direction to compensate the segmentation parameters, which can be ignored in only one-directional histogram.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.295-298
• /
• 2000

In this research, a novel sampling strategy for a CMM to inspect freeform surfaces is proposed. Unlike primitive surfaces, it is not easy to determine the number of sampling points and their locations for inspecting freeform surfaces. Since a CMM operates with slower speed in measurement than optical measuring devices, it is important to optimize the number and the locations of sampling points in the inspection process. When a complete inspection of a surface is required, it becomes more critical. Among various factors to cause shape errors of a final product, curvature characteristic is essential due to its effect such as stair-step errors in rapid prototyping and interpolation errors in NC tool paths generation. Shape errors are defined in terms of the average and standard deviation of differences between an original model and a produced part. Proposed algorithms determine the locations of sampling points by analyzing curvature distribution of a given surface. Based on the curvature distribution, a surface area is divided into several sub-areas. In each sub-area, sampling points are located as further as possible. The optimal number of sub-areas. In each sub-area, sampling points are located as further as possible. The optimal number os sub-areas is determined by estimating the average of curvatures. Finally, the proposed method is applied to several surfaces that have shape errors for verification.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.801-810
• /
• 2021

This paper deals with the study of N (k)-quasi Einstein manifolds that satisfies the certain curvature conditions 𝒞_*·𝒞_* = 0, 𝓢·𝒞_* = 0 and ${\mathcal{R}}{\cdot}{\mathcal{C}}_*=f{\tilde{Q}}(g,\;{\mathcal{C}}_*)$, where 𝒞_*, 𝓢 and 𝓡 denotes the quasi-conformal curvature tensor, Ricci tensor and the curvature tensor respectively. Finally, we construct an example of N (k)-quasi Einstein manifold.