• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.39-42
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• 2011

The composite electroplating is accomplished by adding inert materials during the electroplating. Permalloy is the term for Ni-Fe alloy and it is used for industrial applications due to its high magnetic permeability, surface wear resistance, corrosion protection. Microhardness for microdevices is enhanced after composite coating and it increases the life cycle. However, the hydroxyl group on the silica makes their surface susceptible to moisture and it causes the silica nanoparticles to be agglomerated in the aqueous solution. The agglomeration problem causes poor dispersion which eventually interrupts uniform deposition of silica nanoparticles. In this study, the dispersion of silica nanoparticles in the permalloy electroplated layer is reported with variation of additives and current densities. The optimum current density was 20 $mA/cm^2$ and the silica content was 9 at% at $50^{\circ}C$. The amount of silica nanopowder codeposition and surface morphologies were influenced with variation of additives. In the bath, smooth surface morphology and relatively high contents of silica nanopowder codeposition were obtained with addition of sodium lauryl sulfate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1280-1289
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• 2015

Fish-meat gel is being produced mostly relying on surimi and raw materials imported from Southeast Asia and North America and present in small amount in local markets. In this study, common farmed local fishes were examined as stable and reliable sources of surimi for fish-meat gel production. For testing, five main farmed-fish of Korea, namely; Bastard halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus), Red sea bream (Pagrus major), Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), Common mulle (Mugil cephalus), and Finespotted flounder (Pleuronichthys cornutus) were used following a traditional washing process. The quality of the surimi was determined by the values of water content, whiteness index, gel strength and impurity. Accordingly, fish-meat gel and surimi quality experiments were carried out by measuring compressive and texture properties, expressible moisture content, Hunter color scale values and SDS-page protein patterns. Also gel characteristics were compared with that of FA and RA grade surimi (Alaska Pollock). Fish-meat gels were prepared by salt mincing the farmed-fish surimi with NaCl (2% w/w) and moisture adjustment to 84% by ice water adding. Prepared fish-meat paste was filled into 20-25 cm long polyvinylidene chloride casings and heated at 90℃ for 20 min. The whiteness values of fish-meat gels produced from surimi were increased by using farmed-fish and became comparable to that of FA Alaska Pollock gel. Among all tested farmed-fish, P. olivaceus and P. major exhibited better properties than RA Alaska Pollock and similar properties to FA Alaska Pollock. Therefore, current data suggests that fish farming can be an efficient and sustainable fish-meat source for fish-meat gel production in Korea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.430-435
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• 2005

Current study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic selenium supplementation originated from mushroom culture medium on meat quality of Hanwoo sleets. The result showed that organic selenium supplementation of 0.9 ppm (DM based ratio) for 2 (T1), 4 (T2) and 6 (T3) months had no effect on moisture content in longissimus muscle, with 63 to $66\%$ compared to non-supplemented control group Similarly, intramuscular fat content ranged from 11.7 to $16.4\%$ did not differ between the treatment groups (p>0.05). T3 group showed the highest protein content with $20.8\%$ while T2 group had the lowest content with $19.2\%$ The data indicated that organic selenium supplementation to the experimental concentration had indictable effect on proximate composition The treatments similarly had no influence on physical and biological characteristics of longissimus muscle, where cooking loss and shear force ranged from 20 to $21\%$ and from 3.6 to 4.4kg, respectively. On the other hand, muscle pH at 24 h postmortem showed 5.52, 5.57, 5.50, 5.50 for control, T1, T2 and T3, respectively, indicating that the longer feeding period resulted in the lower ultimate un A similar trend was observed from water-holding capacity (63.8, 64.4 and $64.2\%$ for T1, T2 and T3, respectively) which was significantly higher than con01 group of $59.5\%$ For sensory evaluation, juiciness did not differ between the treatment groups, but n and n (5.30 and 5.28, respectively) showed significantly tender mat Particularly, T2 group received significantly higher flavor score among the treatment groups including controls. The data indicated that organic selenium supplementation to the experimental concentration had no effect on beef quality, but the treatment effect on anti-oxidation function is remained for further studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1612-1612
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• 2001

The production of grain for export and domestic use is one of Australia's most important agricultural industries, and the NIR technique has been used extensively over many years for the routine monitoring of grain quality, particularly moisture and protein content. Because most Australian grain is intended for human food production, the determinants of grain quality for livestock feed, apart from protein, have been largely ignored. However the increasing use of grain for feeding to pigs, poultry, beef cattle and dairy cows has led to an important national research project entitled “Premium Grains for Livestock”. Two of the objectives of this project are to determine the compositional and functional characteristics of grains which influence their nutritional quality for the various classes of livestock, and to adopt rapid and objective analytical tests for these quality criteria. NIR has been used in this project firstly to identify a set of grain samples from a large population of breeders' lines which showed a wide spectral variation, and hence a potentially wide variation in nutritional value. The selected samples were not only subjected to an extensive array of chemical, physical and in vitro analyses, but also were grown out to produce sufficient quantities of grain to feed to animals in vivo studies. Additional grains were also strategically selected from farms in order to include the effect of weather damage, such as rain, drought and frost. In this study to date, NIR calibrations have been derived or attempted, on both ground and whole grains, for in vivo dry matter digestibility (DMD), pepsin-cellulase dry matter disappearance, protein, fat, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, starch, in sacco DMD and in vitro assays to simulate starch digestion in the lumen and small intestine. Results so far indicate high calibration accuracy for chemical components (SECV 0.3 to 2.6%) and very promising statistics for in vivo DMD (SECV 1.8, $R^2$ 0.93, SD 7.0, range 61.9 to 92.3, n=60). There appears to be some potential for NIR to estimate some in vitro properties, depending upon the accuracy of reference methods and appropriate sample populations. Current work is in progress to extend the range of grains with in vivo DMD values (a very laborious and expensive process) and to increase the robustness of the various NIR calibrations, with the aim of implementing uniform testing procedures for nutritional value of grains throughout Australia.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.15
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• pp.33-38
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• 1997

This investigation was attemped to know fruit quality of apple 'Fuji' grown at three different areas of Taegu. Fruits were gathered from hill side area : Kyungsangpookdo yongchongun chongtongmynn synwonri, flat area : Kyungsangpookdo yongchongun synyoungmyun youujeongri and river side area : Kyungsangpookdo yongchongun kewmhoyeub naenhchundong. Results were as follows: 1. In fruit sampling, we made an effort to select the same size of fruit from all areas, However, the size at river side area was about 40g lighter and minimum length was shorter than those of the other areas. On the other hand, maximum and minimum diameter of the fruit at flat and river side areas were longer than hill side area. Accordingly, shape index of the fruit in river side area was flatter than the other areas. This difference may be due to temperture, soil moisture content, etc. In squeeze rate of the fruit, no significant difference was recognized among areas. 2. Though, rate of fructose in total sugar was almost 50% in all areas, sucrose, fructose and sorbitol concentration of hill side area were higher than the other areas. however glucose was reverse amd brix was almost same as total sugar concentration. 3. Rate of malic acid in total acid was almost 98% and citric acid was only 2% in all areas. Malic acid concentration of hill side area was higher than the other areas and titratable acid concentration was almost same as total acid.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-141
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• 2017

The thermal analysis of an underground power conduit for electrical cables is essential to determine their current capacity with an increasing number of demands for high-voltage underground cables. The temperature rises around a buried cable, caused by excessive heat dissipation, may increase considerably the thermal resistance of the cables, leading to the danger of "thermal runaway" or damaging to insulators. It is a key design factor to develop the mechanism on thermal behavior of backfilling materials for underground power conduits. With a full-scale field test, a numerical model was developed to estimate the temperature change as well as the thermal resistance existing between an underground power conduit and backfill materials. In comparison with the field test, the numerical model for analyzing thermal behavior depending on density, moisture content and soil constituents is verified by the one-year-long field measurement.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.357-361
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• 2002

This study was carried out to understand the problems, and find out the solution of post - Harvest related procedures for barley in Korea. Consecutive post - harvest procedures in harvesting, drying, milling, packaging and marketing methods were collaborately surveyed at Bujeok (Chungchongnamdo) and Kunsuh (Cholanamdo) agricultural cooperative federation where Chalssalbori (waxy barley) and Ssalbori (non waxy barley) were collectively cultivated in a group farming area, respectively. An early harvesting and relatively short harvesting period within 15 to 20 days to transplanting rice plants as a succeeding crop lead to produce undergrade barley and 2 to 3％ harvesting loss were considered as the problem that should be improved. In drying of barley, wide moisture content range of harvested barley among the different farmers and cultivation land was made difficult barley drying unifomly when they were dried in same dryer and drying temperature was slightely higher with 50 to 70$\^{C}$ than that of optimum temperature (under 50$\^{C}$) fer barley drying for producing the high quality barley. Dried barley packaged in ton-bag or 3P bag and put into the rectangular grain bin were stored in ambient temperature warehouse and milled for marketing through whole you. The physico-chemical properties and taste of stored barley were fairly maintained until May next year.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.14
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• pp.85-100
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• 1996

The Studies were conducted to provide the state of mulberry cultivation and it's development in Banguet province (high land) of Philippines. Philippines initiated the sericulture industry with the technical asistance of Japan in 1974 and established mulberry field and sericultural facilities with technical asistance of Korea in 1990 and 1995. The required average of 100 to 150mm per month is not available during the dry season from December to March. Therefore mulching with grass which is available abundantly in the Philippines should be established to conserve moisture, to control soil erosion, surface ran-off and also to increase the humus content in the soil. In chemical properties of mulberry field, the pH value of soil is 4.7, organic matter 1.6%, and available phosphorus 6ppm. Therefore, all fields should do liming and be applied compost. To improve leaf yield for mulberry planted under partial shade area of pine trees, more pruning of pine tree should be done for good sunshining of mulberry, more liming and compost should be applied to improve acidic soil. To control the leaf roller, DDVP and KAFIL are able to be used. When spraying insecticides to control mulberry insect pests, care should be taken to consider the residual effects of chemicals on the leaf. Leaf should be fed to silkworms only after the leaves are free of any residual effects.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 1987

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of several fungicides and growth regulators on rice seedling growth and damping-off in seedling boxes for machine transplanting. Fungicide treated plots were better seedling growth, shoot regrowth, rooting ability, change of moisture content than those of nontreated plot. Metalaxyl application of Samgangbyeo and SF8002 application of Nagdongdyeo apparently increased plant height, length of the third leaf and fourth leaf. And metaiaxyl application highly increased dry weight. Fungicide treated plots were highly effective in reducing the incidence of damping-off. Benzyladenine application of Samgangbye and $GA_3$ application of Nagdongbyeo apprently increased plant height. But ABA application highly decreased plant height. ABA application and aCE application resulted in highly increased rooting ability. Fungicide and $GA_3$ treated plots, Metalaxyl and growth regulator treated plots resulted in highly increased plant height. I soprothiolane and growth regulator treated plots resulted in decreased plant height. Dachigaren and lAA treated plot apprently increased dry weight and shoot dry weight/plant height. Fungicide and growth regulator treated plots were highly effective in reducing the incidence of damping-off.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.22
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Pod-edible bean or snap bean is a fairly new crop to domestic farmers but the national demand is steadily increasing in recent years along with the development of western food business and change in dietary patterns. At the same time, much efforts are being made to export it to foreign country, mainly to Japan. The amount of seeds introduced from outside is also continuously increasing along with the enlargement of area planted for the crop. Hybridization breeding for the crop has already been started to supply the cheaper and better seeds which will reduce the seed costs and foster the higher income to the farmers. In this experiment, several technologies related with the production of quality seeds are preliminary investigated. Some of the results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Highly significant interaction was recognized between planting dates and no. of pods per plant and no. of branches but no interaction between planting dates and plant height and no. of nodes on main stem. Days to maturity was proportionally reduced to later planting dates. 2. Rate of viviparous pods and seeds was gradually increased in later planting dates but rate of germination was increased in earlier planting dates with lower germination rate in white seed coat grains than in colored seed ones. 3. Seed yield was higher in the earlier planting dates with a great deal of varietal difference. Early to mid April was considered to he the optimum planting dates for snap bean in Kyungbuk area. High correlation was recognized between seed yield and no. of pods per plant, no. of seeds per plant, and 100 seed weight. 4. Days to flowering was three and seven days longer in Cheongsong, high mountainous area than in Kunwi, somewhat prairie lowland. One hundred seed weight was also higher in Cheongsong than in Kunwi. Rate of viviparous grains, pods, and decayed seeds was higher in Cheongsong but, at the same time, the rate of germination and seed yield was also higher in Cheongsong. 5. One hundred seed weight of KLG5007 increased continuously up to 35days after flowering and decreased thereafter but that of KLG50027 increased to 40days after flowering and slowly reduced thereafter. The content of crude oil reached to maximum at 40 days after flowering and reduced thereafter. The rate of germination in Gangnangkong 1 was the highest, 89.3%, at 35 days after flowering and reduced thereafter while that in KLG50027 reached to maximum, 70.7%. at 40days after flowering and reduced thereafter. Thus, the optimum harvesting time for snap bean was considered to be 35~40days after flowering. 6. The snap bean pods at yellow bean stage easily became viviparous ones under saturated moisture conditions for 24 hours at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest pods somewhat earlier than yellow-bean stage and let them do post maturing, especially when it is to be rained.