• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.163-180
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• 1990

The objective of this study was to investigate the time used for daily activities by rural housewives. This study was carried out two aspects-the amount and the distribution of time. However, the characteristics of agriculture and the farming season influenced on rural housewives activities. There fore, in this study, survey areas divided into two groups-the traditional and the commercial agricultural area. And I conducted surveys in two times-the busy farming season and the leisure season for farmers. Data for 286 housewives(76 in traditional area on the leisure season, and 68 in commercial 142 in traditional area on the busy farming season)were collected by interviews, in which wives were asked to recall the used of time on the previous day, and a time record chart broken into fifteen minute intervals. The statistics for data analysis were frequency, percentile, T-test, and F-test by SPSS PC programs. The findings are as follows; 1)The average total time of rural housewives on labour was 8 hours 53 minutes, on socio-cultural activities 4 hours 18 minutes, and on physiological activities 11 hours 2 minutes. 2) The amount of time on agricultural labour was 6 hours 47 minutes in busy farming season, and 2 hour 45 minutes in leisure season. 3) The average time on household labour was 3 hours 51 minutes. 4) The amount of time on socioculture activities was 2 hours 19 minutes in busy farming, and 6 hours 16 minutes in leisure season. 5) The average time on physiological activities was 11 hours 2 minutes.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.29-44
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• 2023

From a sustainability perspective, the characteristics of upcycling fashion design by Marine Serre were analysed to understand upcycling fashion design, which can be an important way to follow sustainability values in the fashion industry, and to provide solutions for moving towards sustainable fashion. In order to derive the characteristics of upcycling fashion design from a sustainability perspective, the values of sustainable designs and the characteristics of the upcycling design were derived though the analysis of Marine Serre's seasonal collections from the 2018 F/W season to the recent 2022 F/W season. The research results are summarized as follows. First, the value of sustainable fashion design could be classified into environmental, economic, social, and cultural values. Second, Marine Serre's upcycling fashion design was driven by the characteristics of sustainable upcycling fashion design, such as environmentality, originality, variability, economy, handicraft, time, and availability. Third, Marine Serre's upcycling fashion design contained all environmental, economic, social, and cultural sustainability values. From a sustainability perspective, Marine Serre's upcycling fashion design can be said to be an upcycling fashion design with convergent values that encompasses all of the sustainability core values of environmental, economic, social, and cultural aspects.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.141-153
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• 2023

In the global context, particularly in Christian nations, Christmas is considered a culturally and ethically significant time. In this study, we examine Charles Dickens' novel, "A Christmas Carol," and the celebration of Christmas in Korea. We explore the values of Christmas in Korea derived from the significance and importance of this novel. These values include repentance, empathy, compassion, and the importance of humanity. Korean Christmas is regarded as a time for practicing these values, bearing a message akin to the transformation of characters like Scrooge. Furthermore, "A Christmas Carol" conveys a message of improvement and change over time, emphasizing change and growth in Korean Christmas. People reflect on their past, correct their mistakes, nurture hope for the future, and experience personal growth and transformation. Additionally, the novel raises awareness of social injustice and inequality, offering alternatives. In Korean society, Christmas encourages the willingness to care for and help others, facilitating discussions and understanding of societal issues. For these reasons, "A Christmas Carol" is considered a culturally and ethically significant time in Korean Christmas, and the two are intertwined in various aspects. This study explores the interaction between cultural change and ethical teachings by 'A Christmas Carol' and investigates the impact of this work on Christmas culture and social change. It serves as the basis for emphasizing moral principles and humanity during the Christmas season, and this research provides suggestions for future research directions, aiming to deepen the understanding of Dickens' work and the importance of "A Christmas Carol." Through these efforts, it is expected that valuable insights into the connection between Christmas culture and moral messages will be gained. In this study, we will delve into the enduring appeal and cultural significance of "A Christmas Carol," discussing how this novel has evolved into a beloved holiday tradition and a true symbol of Christmas. We will also examine the adaptation of this novel into various media and its influence on holiday season celebrations. Insights into the impact of this novel on Korean society and its continued significance in modern times will be provided, suggesting a direction for a healthier and more desirable path for Korean society.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.122-133
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• 2018

The Seonamsa temple is located on steep terrain surrounded by forests and valleys, and is a place that the temple is scared of biological damage because it has high humidity and low wind levels. Therefore, we investigated a concentration and diversity of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor by collecting air each season. The outdoor fungal load was far higher in spring ($276CFU/m^3$), autumn ($196CFU/m^3$), summer ($128CFU/m^3$) than in winter ($24CFU/m^3$). The lowest located Jijangjeon and upper located Wontongjeon showed the highest distribution of $337.4CFU/m^3$ in summer and $333.4CFU/m^3$ in autumn, respectively. Summer is the season with large variations in the concentration of airborne fungi between indoor and outdoor, a concentration of airborne fungi in indoor was maximum three times higher than these in outdoor with $128CFU/m^3$. Although the most fungi were collected in spring, fungal diversity was richer in summer and autumn with 28 genera 45 species and 25 genera 47 species, respectively. In particular, the concentration of airborne fungi was the most highest in all sampling sites in autumn, of which Ascomycota members accounted for 86% and Cladosporium genus was dominated. The most kind of Penicillium (16 species) was mainly distributed in indoor air in summer, autumn and winter.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2021

Understanding the migration patterns and habitats of juvenile birds during the post-fledging stage is very important for conservation and management of individuals. The Chinese Egret is an internationally protected species. During the wintering season, they inhabit South-East Asia, such as the Philippines, Malaysia, and Taiwan, and breed in China, Russia, and uninhabited islands on the west coast of Korea. IIn this study, we attached a GPS telemetry tracking device to six juvenile Chinese Egrets breeding on Chilsan Archipelago in 2018 and 2019 to identify habitats by analyzing the home range during the post-fledging stage in the summer season. The individual CE1801 moved north and then returned to the Yeonggwang Baeksu tidal flat area, and CE1802 and CE1803 migrated north and inhabited Taean-gun. In 2019, CE1901 showed a similar pattern to CE1801, and CE1902 migrated southward to the Wando-gun area, while CE1903 moved south to the Sinan-gun area then returned to the Yeonggwang Baeksu tidal flat area, showing KDE 50%. The study results confirmed that the Chinese Egret moved broadly around the flat tidal area on the west coast to find a stable habitat during the post-fledging stage. Efforts to protect the habitat, such as limiting the development of this area and restricting human access, are necessary.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.20
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• pp.142-147
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• 1975

The varietal variations of protein and amylose content of rice grown at field and green house were studied. The protein content was negatively correlated with growth duration, and the amylose content was positively correlated with heading date. The environmental variation of the amylose content by cultural season and year was greater in the low amylose varieties than in the high amylose one.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.110-123
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• 2002

This study investigated the influence of cultural and general trend of the times on fashion trends and the hybridization of these trends. The objectives of this study were to suggest new approach method of the fashion forecasting and to find out the cultural meanings and values of fashion. Key words that explains fashion trend from spring/summer of 1995 to fall/winter of 2002 were collected from professional fashion trend journals. These terms were analysed with domain analysis based on the semantic relationship. The frequency of their appearance in each season and the aspect of their appearance in each season were analysed. The hybrids of the fashion trends were analysed longitudinally and cross-sectionally as well by investigating the cover terms that were found as a result of domain analysis. The method used in this study can be applied to future study of fashion trend in that it offers an objective view of fashion trend and can allow researchers to study fashion trend in a concrete way.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2009

The stone Buddha and Shrine of Unjusa temple (Korean Treasure No. 797) at Hwasun formed in Koryo Dynasty is unique style which faces each other the back parts of south and north within the stone Shrine. The stone Buddha and Shrine is highly evaluated in historical, artistic and academic respects. But, the stone properties have been exposed in the open system various aspects of degradations weathered for a long time without specific protective facilities. To inquire into relative deterioration and environmental factor, air temperature and relative humidity of the stone Buddha and Shrine were monitored for a year of the indoor and outdoor, respectively. As a result, the temperature shows increase and decrease according to the seasons in the tendency to clear. While the relative humidity is high to keep all four seasons. Highly relative humidity environment induces dew condensation on the interior of stone Buddha and Shrine. The dew condensation is recorded at the spring, summer and winter season. The summer season is double the total of spring and winter season. In the case of summer, dew condensation is long time continued due to high temperature and relative humidity that is kept by more than nearly 100%. There is progress towards chemical weathering throughout dissolve rock properties and alteration on the rock surface. In the case of winter, dew condensation is not kept for a long time as summer. In the winter, which showing a below zero may add physical weathering throughout moisture that happen by dew condensation to repeat freezing and thawing. Therefore, the reduction plan of the relative humidity effect on dew condensation should be prepared.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.402-410
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• 2021

Woolen tapestry curtains possessed by the Seoul Museum of Craft Art were used to hung on the wall or used for carpets in the winter season in the late Joseon dynasty. Since similar artifacts were only used for the curtain as functional aspects, woolen tapestry curtains were a rare case. In this study, scientific analysis on the accessory ornament of woolen tapestry curtains such as components of metal accessories and frame bar were conducted with the microscope, p-XRF, and SEM. Result of frame bar pigments, organic pigments such as ink stick were likely been used in woolen tapestry curtain 1. In woolen tapestry 2, lead red (Minium) was used in the frame bar. The result of metal parts, copper, and zinc were analyzed by p-XRF. This suggests that metal accessories were crafted using brass. Frame bar of woolen tapestry curtain 2 was made of soft pine (Pinus spp.) analyzed with the scanning electron microscope. Artifacts like woolen tapestry curtains are rare in Korea and scientific analysis databases were scarce, so it is important to construct components analysis data of woolen tapestry curtains. It is expected that additional scientific analysis and interpretation on the artifact's crafting technique can be merged with the analytical data gathered in this study to be utilized on the conservation and restoration of not only woolen curtains but curtain artifacts of the late Joseon dynasty in general.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.92-96
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• 1987

A sweet corn hybrid. ‘Golden Elite 70’ was grown at four plant densities of 4.500, 5.500, 6,500 and 7,500 plants per 10 ares under early and ordinary season cultivations, respectively, to determine effects of plant density on growth and yield of sweet corn. Plant and ear heights and ear size were greater, and ear number per plant was less at ordinary season cultivation compared to early season cultivation. However. ear weight per 10 ares were similar between two cultural practices. There were no significant interactions between cultural practice and plant density for plant height, yield and yield components except ear length. Plant density did not affect silking date, and plant and ear heights and did not show consistent trend in ear size. Ear number per plant decreased with increasing plant density. Ear number and weight per 10 ares increased as plant density increased up to 6,500 plants per 10 ares and tended to decrease at 7,500 plants per 10 ares. The results indicate that the optimum plant density for sweet corn would be around 6,500 plants per 10 ares.