• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.573-587
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• 2019

In this study, reproducing specimens were made from mixing domestically produced magnetite, clay and non-plastic raw materials to reproduce the pigments used in the manufacture of traditional cheolhwa buncheong stoneware. In order to reveal the color fomation of glaze, 30 specimens with good color development were analyzed scientifically. Magnetite, which is the main raw material of the pigment, is a pigment capable of creating a dark black color in a reducing environment at 1,200℃. However, it reacts with the additionally added lime component and discolors to greenish yellow color in oxidizing environment at 1,230℃. Hematite is not significantly affected by the firing temperature and environment, but develops a dark black color when mixed with clay with iron content of more than 10%. The fluidity of the pigment is determined by R₂O₃/RO₂ value, which also affects the color development. In the microtexture observation, the color formation of the glaze layer and the iron oxide crystals identified some differences depending on the particle size of the pigment and the firing environment. Reproduced specimens made of magnetite are present in the form of aggregates of iron oxide in the interface between glaze layer and slip layer in the oxidizing environment at 1,200℃. However, in the reducing environment, aggregates of iron oxides do not exist in the reproduced specimens, and they are homogeneously distributed in the glaze layer and formed a dark black color. In contrast, hematite-based specimens form dendritic structures in the glaze layer in an oxidizing environment and develop black.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.203-236
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• 2015

Given the interdependence of a marital couple, this study examined the effects of both cultural challenge and economic hardship on intention to divorce among the multicultural couple using the actor-partner interdependence model(APIM), and explored dyadic patterns of actor and partner effects. 415 couples(n=830) participated in this self-administered questionnaire study. Results of path analyses based on APIMs revealed that for Korean husbands perceived cultural challenge contributed positively to divorce intention of the couple showing both actor and partner effects, whereas for immigrant wives such perception showed only an actor effect. In contrast, perceived economic hardship among the husbands had little effect on divorce intention of both husbands and wives, whereas such perception by wives had both actor and partner effects on divorce intention. Results of dyadic pattern analyses performed by Bootstrap indicated the actor-only pattern and the couple pattern of perceived cultural challenge on divorce intention of husbands and wives respectively. In case of perceived economic hardship comparison of the effect size suggested the partner-only pattern and the actor-only pattern for divorce intention of husbands and wives respectively. These findings implied that in order to promote conjugal harmony and to prevent the multicultural family from being dissolved, Korean husbands need to develop greater cultural competence so as to tolerate cultural differences between the couple, whereas immigrant wives and their families need to develop greater economic competence so as to foster a hope for economic reliance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.434-443
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to suggest more effective interpretation method to enrich visitors' satisfaction and attitudes on cultural heritage. The paper examined the difference of interpretation effectiveness and the relationship of interpretation attributes and visitors' satisfaction and attitudes on cultural heritage according to the type of interpretation media. The result of empirical analysis shows that there is significant difference of interpretation attributes, visitors' satisfaction and attitudes on cultural heritage according to interpretation media type. Also the different interpretation attributes have effects on visitors' satisfaction, and the degree of effect of each attribute on attitudes on cultural heritage are different according to interpretation media. Most important and meaningful finding is that educational interpretation is also necessary to enhance visitors' behavior to cultural heritage preservation as well as interesting and effective interpretation have strong impacts on visitors' satisfaction. Other implications are also suggested.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2013

This study focused on analysis condition and application method of the passive infrared thermography according to the direction and time to nondestructively detect the blistering zone of stone cultural heritage. As a result, the passive thermographic images showed different temperature characteristics by time because it sensitively reacts to air temperature, insolation and sunshine direction. In particular, the insolation and sunshine direction, which are periodically changed from 6:00 to 17:00, irregularly made surface temperature. In addition, surface temperature differences were brought on fresh zones and blistering zones except specific time since blistering causes erratic thermal transfer. As a result of examining the detection characteristics of blistering by time, the blistering was well detected between 9:00 and 10:00 when there was rapid increase in air temperature and insolation in all direction except the north. However, this study isn't considered effects of four seasons because it is carried out in autumn, and the passive thermography has difficulty to analyze the quantitative area of blistering zone. Therefore, an additional study for synthetic consideration of the passive thermography analysis about four seasons and quantitative modeling of blistering zone using the active thermography are needed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-181
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• 1998

The main purpose of this study is to understand the socio-cultural adaptation and life-styles of the Chinese and Korean immigrants in Vancouver, Canada. Of interest are the immigration policies of the Canadian government and formation of the Chinese and Korean minority societies in Vancouver. Attention is given to estimating the size of the Korean population in Vancouver, utilizing the listings of telephone directory and the proportion of surname Kims in the Korean population. This paper focuses on explaining the distinctive adaptation patterns and socio-cultural characteristics of the Chinese and Korean immigrants. A conceptual scheme of socio-cultual adaptation of the minority immigrants, which is hypothesized as a function of the participation to the host society and the cultural identity, is also developed in this paper. Findings of the analysis suggest that the Chinese and Korean population in Vancouver witnessed a rapid growth since the mid 1980s, when the Canadian government launched the immigration programs for investors and entrepreneurs. It appears that the Chinese and Korean immigrants hold strong ethnic identity and maintain cultural traditions and life-styles of their own. While Chinese immigrants are characterized by active participation to the host society, Korean immigrants tend to confine themselves to the Korean enclave, and thus keep a certain distance from the host society. This appears to be particularly true for the Koreans who immigrated with a status of investor or entrepreneur. As the key force behind the ethnic differences in their adaptation, the role of voluntary associations is stressed. Finally, the future prospects of the Chinese and Korean societies and their acculturation are discussed in this study.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.195-205
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• 2018

Noerok is a green pigment made of mineral used the Gachil(priming coat) of wooden architecture in Chosun Dynasty era. It has been reported that various Noerok are discovered in Janggimyeon, Pohang. In this study, The Noerok from two places is compared and discussed. Noerok in the two places has blulsh-green to green color, and it is similar to their occurrences on fracture filling, vein and dike on outcrop. However, there are differences between two sites according to its petrological feature, mineral composition and geochemistry. While the Noeseongsan sample is mostly celadonite, Gwangjeongsan samples are characterized by celadonite with varying contents of cristobalite, tridymite, feldspar, along with some vitrified contents. In terms of major elements, the amount of $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, MgO and $K_2O$ decreases linearly with increasing $SiO_2$, whereas $Fe_2O_3$ is linearly proportional to MgO. In summary, Noerok in the study areas can be classified into 4 types (type 1, type 2, type 3-1, type 3-2) base on color, mineral composition, elemental composition, and vitrification grade.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.30-43
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to improve the usefulness of photogrammetry in the field of cultural heritage recording concentrated on laser scanning. Two measurement methods(laser scanning, photogrammetry) were compared in terms of accuracy and reality for the Rock-carved Standing Buddha in Singyeong-ri, Hongseong. With regard to accuracy, the distances of major points by both shape information and between the two shape information were compared. Only a deviation of about 1mm was found in the distance measurement of the major points by both shape information. In particular, the average distance between two shape information identified through aligning was only about 0.01mm. Also, the absolute deviation within about 2mm accounted for 70% of the total, and the absolute deviation within about 3.5mm was found to be 95.4% of the total. These values showed very high similarity between laser scanning and photogrammetry-based shape information. In respect of reality, the carved depth, texture, and patterns were compared. As a result of comparing four cross-sectional shapes, only slight differences were found in the shape information of both measurement techniques and similar shapes were identified. The overall texture of both shape information was also similar. However, the detailed shape based on the photogrammetry with decimation is realized with a smoother texture than the original and laser scanning. In particular, Photogrammetry also realistically expressed the various ornaments carved in the Rock-carved Buddha and the patterns with shallow depths were comparatively detailed.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.46-59
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• 2015

This study was conducted focusing on the stability on materials of cultural property when the fumigant containing ethylene oxide was applied among some kinds of fumigant. Four kinds of specimens from paper, textile, metal and pigment were prepared to compare color difference, weight, surface condition before and after treatment and FT-IR analysis was carried out on specimens of paper and textile. In the case of fumigation treatment, it was conducted by two groups : one is made up of specimens with the non-fumigation as control groups, the other is made up of specimens treated with ethylene oxide + $HFC_{134a}$ and ethylene oxide + $CO_2$ as experimental groups. The result of color difference showed that there were color differences on the specimens of Hanji(Korean traditional paper), silver, cotton, ramie and yellow pigment. Especially, it was found out there was color change more than 6.0 on average from the silver specimen. However, in the silver specimen's case, color change in the non-fumigated specimen was relatively higher than those of fumigant-treated specimens, therefore, it is judged that fumigant doesn't have a decisive effect on color change in specimens, but required caution while fumigating. The result of weight measurement, there were totally 0~2% weight changes and the slightest change was found in the metal specimen, the biggest change in the papers. The result of microscopic observation on the surface of specimens showed color changes and especially, the biggest change on the silver specimen was observed. But no change in components was identified from FT-IR analysis of papers and textiles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.224-225
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.315-316
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 문화 차이에 따른 웹사이트 인터페이스 디자인 비교연구를 위하여 Hofstede이 제안한 5가지 문화차원을 바탕으로 중국과 미국의 포털사이트 인터페이스 디자인을 비교 분석하였다.