• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.363-370
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• 2003

A filamentous fungus, strain FM04 producing amylase was isolated from rotten yam peels and potatoes. The favorable conditions of cultivation factors such as, temperature, pH, and agitation speed of strain FM04 were 28∼30$^{\circ}C$, 5.0∼6.0, and 100 rpm, respectively. Starch was the best carbon source in the amylase production. Therefore, food wastes containing lots of starch were employed as the carbon source of the cultivation for the economical amylase production. 5.2 U/ml of amylase was obtained In the cultivation using 1 % (w/v) of food wastes. The amylase showed the highest activity at enzyme reaction conditions of 60$^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.5 and showed 90% of residual activity after the reaction at 50$^{\circ}C$ for 2 days. In the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction using 20% (w/v) of food wastes and 2.5 U/ml of amylase, 72.6 g/l of reducing sugar was obtained at the reaction condition of 50$^{\circ}C$, pH 4.5 for 2 days.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.290-299
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• 2016

Strawberry bacterial angular leaf spot (ALS) disease, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae has become increasingly problematic in the strawberry agro-industry. ALS causes small angular water-soaked lesions to develop on the abaxial leaf surface. Studies reported optimum temperature conditions for X. fragariae are $20^{\circ}C$ and the pathogen suffers mortality above $32^{\circ}C$. However, at the nursery stage, disease symptoms have been observed under high temperature conditions. In the present study, results showed X. fragariae transmission was via infected maternal plants, precipitation, and sprinkler irrigation systems. Systemic infections were detected using X. fragariae specific primers 245A/B and 295A/B, where 300-bp and 615-bp were respectively amplified. During the nursery stage (from May to August), the pathogen was PCR detected only in maternal plants, but not in soil or irrigation water through the nursery stage. During the cultivation period, from September to March, the pathogen was detected in maternal plants, progeny, and soil, but not in water. Additionally, un-infected plants, when planted with infected plants were positive for X. fragariae via PCR at the late cultivation stage. Chemical control for X. fragariae with oxolinic acid showed 87% control effects against the disease during the nursery period, in contrast to validamycin-A, which exhibited increased efficacy against the disease during the cultivation stage (control effect 95%). To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological study of X. fragariae in Korean strawberry fields.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.63-68
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine optimum conditions of batch type cultivation of Isochrysis galbana cultivated under various wavelengths of light emitting dioes (LEDs). Among LEDs used in the cultivation, white LED was found to be the most effective light source, and light intensity of 3,000Lux resulted in the most effective for the cultivation of Isochyrysis galbana. Comparison with common light source, fluorescent light, showed less effective than that with white LED. Four different air flow rates were tested to overcome shading effects due to denser cell concentration in the solution. In results, cell growth rates and maximum cell concentrations were similar regardless of air flow rates. Three times greater cell concentrations, however, were observed when air was applied.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.331-338
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• 2016

The present study aimed to compare and investigate the morphological characteristics and yield components according to ploidy level of diploid and tetraploid Platycodon grandiflorum under vinyl-greenhouse and open field conditions. Plant height of diploid and tetraploid P. grandiflorum was 51.3 ㎝, 54.0 ㎝, respectively. The results revealed that the plants grown in the vinyl-greenhouse showed significantly higher growth compared to those grown in the open field. Regardless of the growing place, diploid and tetraploid of P. grandiflorum showed the rapid elongation of internodes after 4 and 3 internodes respectively and elongation tends to be decreased as entering the flower-bud differentiation period. The starting day of flowering in vinyl-greenhouse cultivation was found to be faster than that of the open field cultivation by 2∼3 days and tended to be delayed by about 5∼6 days in tetraploid P. grandiflorum compared to diploid. Fresh weight of roots from the vinyl-greenhouse cultivation showed a high quantity as 34.2g and 49.4g in diploid and tetraploid P. grandiflorum, respectively and especially tetraploid P. grandiflorum was found to be increased by approximately 44.4% compared to other plots.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2019

Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix is cultivated in Korea and China and is traditionally used to treat cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we developed and validated a quantitative analysis method for S. miltiorrhiza Radix using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Identification was performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For quantitative analysis, we used seven marker compounds. Separation conditions for HPLC were optimized using an ODS column with gradient conditions of 1% formic acid in distilled water and 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 280 nm. This method showed good linearity ($R^2=0.9998$), precision (relative standard deviation ${\leq}3.3%$), accuracy (recovery of 94.16-102.89%), limit of detection ($7.53{\mu}g/mL$), and limit of quantification ($23.71{\mu}g/mL$). This approach successfully quantified marker compounds in S. miltiorrhiza Radix. The individual marker compounds were identified by comparing the molecular masses and retention times with does standard compounds. Marker compound contents of S. miltiorrhiza Radix were investigated with different cultivation regions. Seven marker compounds were detected and quantified in all samples. Among them, salvianolic acid B showed the highest contents and it ranged from 4.13 to 7.15%. The salvianolic acid B content (7.15%) of marker compound was the highest in Bonghwa, and the tanshinone IIA content (1.90%) was the highest in Pohang. The results of marker compounds and developed method were intended to provide a favorable reference for the study of S. miltiorrhiza Radix from different regions of Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1115-1120
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• 2008

A novel cathepsin B inhibitor-producing bacterium was isolated from marine sediments and identified based on its 16S rDNA sequence as Pseudomonas sp. strain PB01 (Accession No. EU126129). The growth and enzyme inhibitor production were investigated under various culture conditions. A mixture of organic nitrogen source was required for the optimal production, whereas both glucose and maltose proved to be the effective carbon sources for cathepsin B inhibitor production. Other optimal culture conditions included temperature range between 25 and $28^{\circ}C$, initial medium pH of 6.6, and shaking speed of 200 rpm. Under these optimal conditions, the maximum inhibitory activity from culture broth was approximately 50% after 30 h of cultivation. Additionally, kinetic study revealed that inhibitor production paralleled with cell growth, which suggested that the inhibitor may be a primary metabolite of that bacterium.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.12-19
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• 2023

This study conducted an experiment with EC 1.0ms/cm ratio and excellent soil conditions for germination in ICT-based ginseng process cultivation. The first growth survey was conducted before transplantation of ginseng 1-year roots grown by seeding ginseng in the process cultivation, conventional cultivation and a second growth comparison survey was conducted after 3 months of growth. In the results, it was confirmed that ginseng grown in the process cultivation grew more than in the field. As a result of comparing the contents of 11 ginsenosides of 1-year and 2-year-old ginsenosides in the process cultivation and conventional cultivation ginseng, it was confirmed that the content of the process cultivation ginseng was higher than that of practice cultivation ginseng. In conclusion, conventional cultivation ginseng grows due to various factors under the natural cultivation environment, but process cultivation can secure the growth stability of ginseng by allowing stable soil and environmental control, so continuous research is needed in the future.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2001

A bacterial strain KP-364 producing extracellular keratinolytic protease was isolated from the soil of the poultry fac-tory. It was identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on its morphological and physiological characteristics, The optimal culture conditions for the production of keratinolytic protease by Pseudomonas sp. KP-364 were investigated. The composition of optimal medium for the keratinolytic protease was 2.0% glucose, 0.5% soybean meal. 0.5% $NaNO_3$ and 0.2% KCI Optimal initial pH for production of Keratinolytic protease production were 6.5 and $37^{\circ}C$ respec- tively. The keratinolytic protease production reached a maximum of 1,270 U/ml/hr after 48 hours cultivation under the optimal culture conditions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.939-947
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• 2009

In order to produce vinegar using onions, 12 acetic acid bacteria were screened from the juice of fallen peaches, and a strain showing the highest acetic acid productivity among them was selected and identified as Acetobacter tropicalis No. 22. The culture broth containing 2.5%(w/v) of initial sugar concentration showed maximum acetic production after 10 days of cultivation, and the acetic acid was produced at the highest rate and reached the maximum acidity after 2 to 6 days of cultivation when the residual sugar and the ethanol concentration were in the range of 1.6 to 2%(w/v) and 0.6 to 1.8%(v/v), respectively. Also optimum conditions for acetic acid production by response surface method using the fractional factorial design with 3 variables and 5 levels were involved with initial ethanol content of 4.67%(v/v), initial acidity of 0.03%, and initial glucose concentration of 2.35%(w/v) and predicted level of acetic acid production at these conditions was 3.77%.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.10-16
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• 1995

Dyes are released into the environment from industrial wasterwater. They are considered to be a pollution problem because of the wide spread into environment with a variety of colors. In order to biological treatment of industrial dyes waste water, biodegradation of reactive dyes such as Rifacion Red H-3EB, Rifazol Blue BT, Rifacion Yellow P-4G and Rifacion Brown RT were carried out decolorized by Aspergillus sojae B-10. Aspergillus sojae B-10 showed the almost completely biodegradation ability when it was cultivated in a 2.0% glucose, 0.06% sodium nitrite, 0.1% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.5% $MgSO_4\cdot 7H_2O$ containing each reactive dyes (500 ppm) under the optimal conditions of 32$\circ$C and pH 5. The mycelium of Aspergillus sojae B-10 was produced extracellular enzyme which has concerned responsible for dyes biodegradation. Under optimal conditions, reactive dyes started being decolorized within 24 hr and its was almost decolorized c ompletely after 5 days incubation. Rifazol blue RT was not completely decolorized until 5 days of cultivation. Rafacion Red BT, Rifasol blue BT and Rifacion yellow P-4G were completely decolorized after 5 days cultivation.