• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 2000

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters such as combining ability, heritabilities and correlation coefficients forsome agronomic characters by 6$\times$6 dialled crosses of barley. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Mean squares of general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) were significant for all characters observed. Mean squares of general combining ability for all characters were expressed as higher values than those of specific combining ability. Jecheon #5 showed the high general combining ability effects for culm length, and Waegwanpimack #1 showed the highest general combining ability effects for tiller number. Cygne also showed the high general combining ability effects for spike length and 1,000 grains weight. Furthermore, Plumage was expressed with the highest general combining ability effects for spike length and 1,000 grains weight. Furthermore, Plumage was expressed with the highest general combining ability effects for number of grains per spike. In specific combining ability effects, Samdugjeonbug # 45$\times$Plumage showed the high value for culm length, and Suwon #6 $\times$Waegwanpimack #1$\times$ was expressed with the highest specific combining ability effects for tiller number. Jecheon #5$\times$Plumage also showed the high specific combining ability effects for spike length and number of grains per spike. Suwon #6$\times$Cygne showed the high specific combining ability effects for 1,000 grains weight. The heritabilities of spike length an number of grains per spike were over 90%. In correlation coefficients among characters, relationships between culm length and tiller number, culm length and spike length, culm length and 1,000 grains weight, and spike length and 1,000 grains weight showed highly positively correlation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2017

Lodging is a serious issue in rice production, because it drastically decreases the biomass production and grain yield. Since the Green Revolution, the lodging resistance has been increased by lowering the moment of above-ground parts due to the short culm by the semi-dwarf gene sd1. However, it has been pointed out that sd1 alone has suppressive effects for biomass production and yield. To increase rice yield, the long-culm and large panicle type varieties with a superior lodging resistance need to be developed. To improve the lodging resistance and yield of these type varieties, it would be effective to identify novel alleles for these traits underlying natural variations in rice and to pyramid these alleles to a single rice variety. In order to perform this strategy, we have developed new rice lines derived from crosses among varieties with superior alleles. At first, TULT-gh-5-5 was selected from a cross between strong culm and high biomass variety Leaf Star and high-yielding variety Takanari, and TUAT-32HB was selected from a cross between high-yielding variety Akenohoshi and Takanari. Then, we developed the super thick-culm and super grain-bearing line, LTAT-29 derived from a cross between TULT-gh-5-5 and TUAT-32HB. In the current study, to identify the QTLs and genes relating to the strong culm and the high yield of LTAT-29, we performed QTL analysis using SNPs markers with $F_2$ population derived from a cross between LTAT-29 and Takanari. LTAT-29 has never lodged throughout the growth period despite it had long culms and heavy panicles. LTAT-29 had a larger outer diameter of the culm and twice the size of the section modulus than Takanari. As a result, the bending moment at breaking of LTAT-29 was significantly larger than that of Takanari. Brown rice yield of LTAT-29 was $9.2t\;ha^{-1}$ about 10% higher than that of Takanari due to the larger number of spikelets per panicle. LTAT-29 had a greater number of secondary branches per panicle. In the $F_2$ population between LTAT-29 and Takanari, we found continuous frequency distributions in the section modulus and the spikelet number per panicle. Two QTLs increased the section modulus by the alleles of LTAT-29 were detected on Chr.1L and Chr.2L. One QTL increased the spikelet number per panicle of Takanari by the allele of LTAT-29 was detected on Chr.1L, and two QTLs increased the number of secondary branches per panicle by the alleles of LTAT-29 were detected on Chr.1L and Chr.4L. It was found that the alleles of these QTLs were the japonica type originated from Leaf Star or Akenohoshi. The novel QTLs for the traits related to super thick-culm and super grain-bearing and their combinations could be utilized for improving the lodging resistance and yield in rice varieties.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2010

Pulmonary pathogenesis in lupus is characterized by interstitial inflammation and vasculitis in lungs. We investigated whether bamboo culm extract (BC) attenuates pulmonary inflammation and lung injury in pristane-induced lupus mice. The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were administrated with BC 0.5 ml/kg or PBS orally once a day for 14 days. Our results demonstrated that BC significantly attenuated levels of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) IL-6, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$, $PGE_2$ and VEGF, and pulmonary vascular permeability in pristane-induced lupus mice. Therefore, these findings suggest that BC may inhibit development of pulmonary inflammation and lung injury in lupus.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2024

A fungus strain Stereostratum corticioides PKVL1, belonging to the family Pucciniaceae that causes rust in plants, was discovered on the sheath of the bamboo Pseudosasa japonica leading to the death of the infected bamboo in the following year. Microscopic observation of the yellow fungal mass revealed teliospores with an oval, one-septate (two-celled) structure. The average length and width of teliospores were 31.83±3.57 ㎛ and 20.74±1.72 ㎛, respectively. The large-subunit ribosomal RNA gene was amplified using the LR0R and LR7 primers, showing that the strain PKVL1 had a similarity of 99.34% to previously reported S. corticioides. In particular, the two Stereostratum strains form a separate cluster among the fungi in the family Pucciniaceae. This is the first report in the Republic of Korea of fungal rust occurring on the culm of bamboo rather than on the leaves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.380-387
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• 2017

This study was carried out to determine fertilization effects on allometric equations and biomass production in a Moso bamboo (Phllostachys pubescens) stand of the Gajwa National Experimental Forests, Jinju, Korea. The study site was fertilized for approximately 30 years to produce edible bamboo shoots. Total 20 bamboos (10 fertilized and 10 unfertilized) were cut to develop allometric equations and to estimate biomass accumulation of each bamboo component. Allometric equations of each bamboo component in the fertilized and unfertilized plots were significant (P < 0.05) with diameter at 20 cm from ground ($D_{20}$), diameter at breast height (DBH), culm height (H), and $DBH^2{\cdot}H$. Aboveground biomass estimated by the allometric equations (DBH) was significantly higher in the unfertilized plots ($106.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$) in culm density of $6,833culm\;ha^{-1}$ than in the fertilized ($57.68Mg\;ha^{-1}$) plots in culm density of $4,633culm\;ha^{-1}$. The proportion of each biomass component was culm (79%), followed by branches (14%) and leaf (7%) in the fertilized plots, whereas it was culm (81%), followed by branches (13%), and leaf (6%) in the unfertilized plots. The results indicate that aboveground biomass accumulation in a Phllostachys pubescens stand was little affected by fertilizer application because of the difference of culm density.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 1985

To determine anti-lodging effect of paclobutrazol and its influence on yield of rice, paclobutrazol was applied at 12 and 18g ai/10a to cv. Nakdongbyeo and cv. Seomjinbyeo 20, 15, and 10 days before heading under 12 and 20kg/10a nitrogen conditions. 1. Paclobutrazol reduced internode length of rice, especially internode N3. Higher suppression of stem of both cultivars and reduction of ear length in cv. Nakdongbyeo were observed when paclohutrazol was applied at 18g ai/10a 15 and 20 days before heading. 2. Paclobutrazol increased culm cross-section area, culm diameter, linear density and stem flexure resistance which affected anti-lodging efficacy. Although actual lodging was not occurred in field, less stem inclination was observed at paclobutrazol treated plots. 3. There were significant correlation between stem flexure resistance and culm cross-section area, culm diameter and linear density, and negative correlation between straw inclination angle and culm cross-section area and culm diameter. 4. Slight yield reduction was observed when paclobutrazol was applied at 18g ai/10a 20 days before heading. However, when paclobutrazol was applied at 12g ai/10a 10 and 15 days before heading, rice yield was not decreased compared to untreated control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 1988

The responses of GA$_3$ treatment on the culm length, internode elongation, number of internodes elongated and on the panicle length of 115 Japonica rice cultivars were studied. One spray with 50 ppm GA$_3$ was made at about 30 days before heading. Generally short culm cultivars showed better elongation responses than taller ones and a few taller cultivars showed reduced culm length. The internode length of 1st, 5th, 6th and 7th were increased, but, 2nd, 3rd and 4th internodes were reduced. Especially the reduction of 3rd internode elongation and the increase of 5th internode length was prominent. Most of the tested cultivars showed no changes in the number of internodes elongated, but, in some cultivars it was increased and in a few ones it was reduced. The effect on the panicle length was variable depending cultivars. No significant correlation was found between the culm length elongation and the elongation of panicle length, implying that the response of GA$_3$ on the culm and on the panicle is independent of each other. According the response of culm length elongation tested cultivars were grouped into 6 ; Significantly reducing, slightly reducing, less sensitive, slightly elongating, largely elongating and extremely elongating.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1975

This study was intended to clarify interrelations among seven characters of bamboo and their influences upon its culm-volume. The analysis of covariance was used to obtain phenotypic correlations, genotypic correlations and environmental correlations among some characters of Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc., and thereby path-coefficients were calculated based on Dewey's method. The characters considered here included the breast height diameter, culm-height, clear-length, subterranean stem, number of bamboo joints, butt-end diameter and culm-volume of bamboo. Average values, standard errors, variances and standard deviations for the characters mentioned above are shown in Table 1, and phenotypic correlations, genotypic correlations and environmental correlations among seven characters are shown in Table 2, according to the results, there are highly significant relationships among lines but not among some replications. According to Table 4, heritability values in the breast height and butt-end diameters are higher than those in other characters mentioned above. On the other hand, environmental correlations among general characters appear to have lower values than phenotypic and genotypic correlations do. It also appears that the butt-end diameter and breast height diameter are highly correlated with the culm-volume of bamboo. The path-coefficients of individual characters to the culm-volume of bamboo are computed from the correlations (Table 4) and presented in Figure 1 and Table 5, where it could shown the direct and indirect effects on the bamboo culm-volume of each character.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to determine cutting time on the yield and nutritive value of brittle culm rice. Plant height and number of tiller were significantly different between variety and cutting time, and regrowth plant height and rate of regrowth tiller were tall and high at the early cutting. Early cutting increased crude protein, fat and NFE(Nitrogen free extract) content in the harvested foliage but crude fiber and ash content were decreased in the first cutting. Those of second cutting also showed reverse tendency. Fresh and dry matter yield were highest on heading date cutting, and those of KL501 were higher than those of Seomjinbyeo. TDN(Total digestible nutrients) content was higher with earlier cutting for initiated cutting, but that of second cutting was reversed. KL501 showed higher TDN content than Seomjinbyeo did at the any cutting time. TDN yield of heading date cutting was higher than that of the other cutting time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 1996

This experiment was to evaluate the growth characteristics of lodging resistance cultivated at sandbed in rice varieties. Five varieties were used in this studies. The leaf area, leaf dry weight, culm dry weight and total dry weight of cultivated rice seedling at sandbed showed the maximal values at heading stage, but decreased according to growth development. The number of newly developed roots of rice seedlings cultivated at sand pot were the most at the 30 days seedling stage, but those were decreasing at 40 to 45 days seedling stage. Cheongmyungbyeo and Dongjinbyeo showed the most vigor in newly developed roots. The bending moment at breaking of rice internodes were the largest at the 4th node, but decreased at the top internodes. Cheongmyungbyeo and Dongjinbyeo were proved lodging resistant varieties by the bending moment. The weight of culm base was positively correlated with bending moment at breaking of rice culm, but lodging index was negatively correlated weight of culm base and root dry weight, respectively.