• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used as probiotics in poultry. The present study employed in vitro and in vivo methods to select and test LAB isolated from Muscovy duck ceca as potential probiotics. In the in vitro study, 50 LAB were isolated from Muscovy duck ceca and tested for growth inhibition against Salmonella (S.) Enteritidis. Eleven isolates strongly inhibited S. Enteritidis and only 1 isolate (MD5-2) showing the strongest inhibition was selected for identification. This isolate was called as Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri MD5-2. For the in vivo investigation, 90 1-day-old Muscovy ducks were randomly assigned into three groups of 30 animals each (group 1, control; group 2, treated with $10^8$ colony-forming unit (CFU) of L. reuteri MD5-2 orally once on day 1; and group 3, treated with $10^8CFU$ of L. reuteri MD5-2 orally once daily from days 1 to 5). The ducks were housed in three large cages and raised for 50 days, after which body weight, duodenal villus height and crypt depth were measured. Both villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio were significantly greater in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. In conclusion, further investigation of L. reuteri MD5-2 as a potential probiotic strain is warranted.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.714-723
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of soft pellet creep feed (SPCF) on growth performance and intestinal development in piglets. Methods: A total of 18 sows and their litters of crossbred piglets (14±2 days, 3.73±0.72 kg) were assigned to one of three dietary groups receiving i) powder creep feed (PCF), ii) hard pellet creep feed (HPCF) or iii) SPCF during the pre-weaning period. After weaning, piglets were selected for continuous evaluation of the three diets on growth performance and intestinal health. Results: In the pre-weaning period, the average daily feed intake and average daily dry matter intake were significantly higher in the SPCF group than the HPCF group (p<0.05). In the post-weaning and entire experimental period, the different diets had no significant effect on growth performance. At 10 d after weaning, the serum glucose concentration was lower in the SPCF group (p<0.05) than the other groups; a higher (p<0.05) villus height and lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the jejunum were also observed in the SPCF group than the other groups; Meanwhile, in the duodenum and jejunum, the SPCF group had a higher (p<0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio than the other groups; Furthermore, the higher (p<0.05) threshold cycle values of lactic acid bacteria and lower (p<0.05) threshold cycle values of Clostridium, Enterobacter and Escherichia coli were also observed in the SPCF group, and the sucrase and maltase activity was higher (p<0.05) in the SPCF group than the other groups in duodenum and ileum. Conclusion: The SPCF improved pre-weaning feed intake and decreased the negative effects of weaning stress in the intestine in piglets.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1365-1374
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of exogenous multienzyme and phytase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood metabolites, intestinal microflora, and morphology in broilers fed corn-wheat-soybean meal diets. Methods: A 2×2 factorial design was used in this study. Four dietary treatments consisted of i) basal diets (corn-wheat-soybean meal based diets without multi-enzyme and phytase), ii) basal diets with phytase (0.05%), iii) basal diets with exogenous multi-enzyme (0.05%), and iv) basal diets with exogenous multi-enzyme including phytase (0.05%). A total of 480 broiler chickens (Ross 308 - one day old) were weighed and allotted to thirty-two cages (15 birds per cage), and chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments. Results: The body weight gain and feed conversion rate were improved by supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase during the finisher period (p<0.05). The birds fed diets with exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase had a significantly greater digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus compared with birds fed non-supplemented diets (p<0.05). The chickens fed diets with exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase showed a higher concentration of Ca and P in the serum (p<0.05). The population of Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, and Clostridium were not affected in the ileum and cecum of chickens fed enzyme-supplemented diets. The dietary supplemental exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase showed a significant improvement in villus height, crypt depth, and villus height and crypt depth ratio, compared to basal diets or dietary supplemental phytase (p<0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of the exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase synergistically improved the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and villus height of the small intestine of broiler chickens fed a corn-wheat-soybean meal based diets.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1252-1262
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• 2023

Objective: Microencapsulation technologies have been developed and successfully applied to protect the probiotic bacterial cells damaged by environmental exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum MB001 on the growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, jejunal histomorphology and cecal microbiome of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. Methods: A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds). Treatments included, i) a basal diet (NC), ii) NC + avilamycin (10 mg/kg) (PC), iii) NC + non-encapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1×10⁸ colony-forming unit [CFU]/kg of diet) (N-LP), iv) NC + microencapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1×10⁸ CFU/kg of diet) (ME-LP). Results: Dietary supplementation of ME-LP improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas ME-LP did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. Both N-LP and ME-LP improved apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and ether extract compared with NC group (p<0.05). The broilers fed ME-LP supplemented diet exhibited a beneficial effect on jejunal histomorphology of villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) of broilers compared to NC group (p<0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes was enriched (p<0.05) and Proteobacteria was decreased (p<0.05) only in the ME-LP group. At the genus level, the ME-LP diets increased (p<0.05) the number of both Lactobacillus and Enterococcus compared to NC, PC, and N-LP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Microencapsulation assists the efficient functioning of probiotics. ME-LP could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of cecal microbiota, gut integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broilers.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

목적 : 최근 항암 화학요법이나 두경부의 방사선치료 후 나타나는 백혈구감소증을 치료하기 위해 조혈세포 성장인자인 과립구 집락형성인자를 투여한 결과, 백혈군감소증과 더불어 구강 점막염의 완화가 몇몇 임상연구에서 보고되고 있다. 그러나 그 기전이나 적절한 투여 방법에 대해서는 뚜렷이 밝혀지지 않았으며, 다른 위장관 점막에 대한 보호효과에 대해서도 아직 알려진 바가 없다. 이에 저자는 생쥐 공장 점막에 대한 과립구 집락형성인자의 방사선 보호제로서의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 실험 동물은 체중 20 g 내외의 생후 $4\~5$주된 BALB/c 생쥐 105 마리로 각각 정상 대조군, 과립구 집락형성인자 단독투여군(제 I 군 : $10\;{\mu}g/kg/$일, 제 II 군 $100\;{\mu}g/kg/$일), 방사선 단독조사군(7.5 Gy 또는 12 Gy 전신조사), 그리고 방사선조사와 과립구 집락형성인자 병행 처치군(G-CSF I 또는 II+7.5 Gy, G-CSF I 또는 II+12 Gy)의 아홉군으로 구분하였다. 과립구 집락형성인자는 과립구 집락형성인자 단독투여군 및 방사선조사와 과립구 집락 형성인자 병행처치군 모두에서 방사선조사 2일 전부터 24시간 간격으로 방사선조사일까지 3일 동안 매일 1회 피하 주사하였고, 방사선조사는 6 MV 선형 가속기를 이용하여 7.5 Gy와 12 Gy를 각 군별로 1회 전신조사하였다. 각 군별로 생쥐를 방사선조사 후 1, 3, 7일에 희생하여 공장을 적출하고 H&E 염색 및 PAS 염색을 시행한 후, 공장 조직 표본에서 소낭선의 수, 융모의 길이 및 조직학적 손상등급을 측정하고 조직학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 방사선조사없이 과립구 집락형성인자 만을 투여한 군(제 I 군 : $10\;{\mu}g/kg/$ 및 제 II 군: $100\;{\mu}g/kg/$) 에서는 정상 대조군에 비해 생쥐 공장 점막 변화에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 7.5 Gy 및 12 Gy 방사선 단독조사군에서는 정상 대조군에 비해 공장 점막의 소낭선 수의 감소와 높은 조직학적 손상등급을 관찰하였다(p<0.05). 12 Gy 방사선조사와 과립구 집락형성인자 병행처치군에서는 공장 점막의 손상이 7.5 Gy 방사선 단독조사군에 비해 1일 군에서는 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), 3일 군에서 유의하게 높은 소낭선 수 및 낮은 조직학적 손상등급을 관찰하였고, 7일 군에서 낮은 조직학적 손상등급을 관찰하였다(p<0.05). 12 Gy 방사선조사와 과립구 집락형성인자 병행처치군에서의 공장 점막 손상은 12 Gy 방사선 단독조사군에 비해 소낭선의 수와 융모의 길이, 조직학적 손상등급의 차이가 유의하지 않았으며(p>0.05), 두 마리를 제외한 대부분의 생쥐가 방사선조사 후 5일 이내에 모두 사망하였다. 결론 : 한계 선량 이내의 전신 방사선조사시 과립구 집락형성인자는 생쥐의 공장 점막에 대한 방사선보호작용이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.865-870
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• 2011

64-비트 블록 암호 MD-64는 WSN과 같은 환경에서 효율적으로 구현이 가능하도록 설계된 블록 암호이다. 본 논문에서는 MD-64의 전체 라운드에 대한 확장된 연관키 부메랑 공격을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 소개하는 공격은 MD-64에 대한 첫 번째 공격이며, $2^{45.5}$개의 연관키 선택 평문을 이용하여 $2^{95}$의 MD-64 암호화 연산을 수행하여 MD-64의 비밀키를 복구한다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1999

There are epidemiological evidences that the population with high fecal ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ activity has greater risk of colon cancer than the population with low fecal ${\beta}-glucuronidase$. This relationship was investigated by using the mouse-dimethylhydrazine colon carcinogenesis model and the extract of antler which was a ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ inhibitor. Mice with low fecal ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ activity induced by administration of water and Folch's fraction of antler had significantly fewer aberrant crypts after injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) than mice treated with DMH alone. The result supports the hypothesis that the inhibitor of ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ such as antler extract can protect an animal against the induction of colon cancer.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.74-74
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• 2002

Ethyl 3-(4'-geranyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (EGMP) and ferulic acid (FA) have been shown to inhibit development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rat colon. In the present study, inhibitory effects of EGMP and FA on the post-initiation stage of AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis were studied in male ddY mice.(omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.368-370
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• 1999

The protective role of Bifidobacterium spp. (B. breve K-110, B. breve K-111, and B. infantis K-525) isolated from the fecal samples of healthy Koreans was investigated on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci(ACF) formation in mouse colon. In mice fed normal diet with DMH treatment, an average of 68.5 ACF/colon was formed, whereas in mice administered with B. breve K-110, B. breve K-111, and B. infantis K-525, the numbers of DMH-induced ACF decreased to 7.2, 10.9, and 6.6 ACF/ colon, respectively. The mean number of crypts/focus was not significantly altered. Fecal harmful enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase, tryptophanase, and urease, were effectively inhibited during the administration of these bifidobacteria to mice. These results suggest that bifidobacteria could prevent colon cancer.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.437-441
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• 2007

The cases of feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) infection were diagnosed in three imported cats. All cats died within one week after mild emaciation, depression and anorexia. One cat showed yellowish watery diarrhea. At necropsy, all cats had segmental hemorrhage on the serosa and mucosa of the small intestine. Histopathologically, severe diffuse necro-hemorrhagic enteritis was observed in small intestine especially in jejunum and ileum. The crypts of Lieberkuhn were dilated and contained necrotic epithelia. Severely damaged epithelia of crypts were transformed into bizarre shapes. Multifocal lympholysis and lymphoid depletion were found in Peyer's patches and other lymphoid tissues. Direct fluorescent antibody (FA) test revealed the characteristic FPLV antigen in the cytoplasms of crypt epithelial cells. Based on the clinical signs, characteristic pathologic findings and FA test, these cases were diagnosed as FPLV infection. In our best knowledge, this study is the first case report for FPLV infection in imported cats in Korea.