• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 1998

Cytogenetic analyses were carried out with induced hybrid between common carp (Cyprinus carpio) female and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) male. The erythrocytic measurement revealed that cellular and nuclear size of induced hybrids were intermediate between those of paremtal species. The modal chromosome numbers of common carp, crucian carp and its hybid were same as 2n=100. The DNA content of induced hybrids determined based on flow cytometry was 3.7pg/cell which corresponding to intermediate value between the carp (3.6ph/cell) and crucian carp (3.8pg/cell)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.637-650
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• 2006

Genomic DNA isolated from two crucian carp species obtained from Yesan (Carassius auratus) and Dangjin (Carassius cuvieri) in Korea were amplified at several times by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) with oligonucleotides decamer primer and stained with ethidium bromide. The seven arbitrarily selected primers OPC-11, OPC-14, OPC-18, OPD- 02, OPD-11, OPD-15 and OPD-20 generated the shared loci by each species, the polymorphic and specific loci. The seven primers generated the total 458 loci that can be scored from the crucian carp obtained in C. auratus species. 358 fragments were generated from the species obtained in C. cuvieri species. The size of DNA fragments varies from 150 to 1,600bp. The complexity of the banding patterns varies dramatically between the primers and two locations. In this study, 458 loci were identified in the crucian carp species from Yesan and 358 in the crucian carp species from Dangjin: 84 polymorphic loci (18.3%) in the C. auratus species and 48 (13.4%) in the C. cuvieri species. 154 shared loci by each species, the average 22 per primer, were observed in the C. auratus species and 187 loci, the average 26.7 per primer, in the Dangjin species. Based on the average bandsharing (BS) values of all samples, the similarity matrix ranged from 0.434 to 0.868 in the C. auratus species and from 0.449 to 0.924 in the C. cuvieri species. The average BS value was 0.641±0.013 within the C. auratus species and 0.684±0.013 within the C. cuvieri species. The average BS value between two crucian carp species 0.484 ± 0.007, ranged from 0.307 to 0.682. The BS value between the individual No. 09 and No. 16 was 0.682, which was the highest between two crucian carp species. Compared separately, the BS value of individuals within the C. cuvieri species was higher than the C. auratus species. The dendrogram obtained by the seven primers, indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (AURATUS No. 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10 and 11), cluster 2 (CUVIERI No. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21) and cluster 3 (CUVIERI no. 22). The shortest genetic distance displaying significant molecular difference was between the individual AURATUS No. 09 and AURATUS No. 08 from Yesan (genetic distance=0.064). The longest genetic distance displaying significant molecular differences was between the individual CUVIERI No. 17 and AURATUS No. 11 between two crucian carp species (0.477). RAPD-PCR analysis has revealed the significant genetic distance between two crucian carp species pairs.(Key words: Carassius auratus, Carassius cuvieri, Crucian Carp, DNA Polymorphism, Genetic Distance)

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

In this study, carp edemavirus disease and herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis were examined in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) imported from China. From August 2016 to May 2017, 100 carp and 300 crucian carp were examined. There were no clinical symptoms in all the tested fish, and no internal or external parasitic infections were identified except for the detection of Argulus sp. in one leather carp. Carp edema virus disease was examined by PCR in C. carpio, but all were negative. In C. auratus, herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis was tested by PCR and 4 out of 300 were positive. The results of this study are expected to be useful as basic data for conducting risk analysis on the relevant organisms and counterpart countries or for designating new pathogens for quarantine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2006

To determine the effects of exposure to formalin on the secondary stress indices, changes in haematology and blood chemistry were monitored in healthy crucian carps (Carassius auratus). Fishes were separately exposed in a concentration range of 125 to 500 ppm formalin for 60 min. After exposure, red blood cell (RBC) count and packed cell volume (PCV) were elevated in the 500 ppm formalin exposed group. However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were decreased significantly in the 500 ppm formalin exposed group. Total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, total bilirubin, inorganic phosphorus (IP) and magnesium were significantly increased at a concentration of 500 ppm. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose were increased at a concentration of 500 ppm, but this was not significant. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and calcium were significantly decreased at concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm. AST, ALT, glucose and magnesium were significantly increased in the 250 ppm formalin exposed group. These results suggests that formalin exposure might cause some damage in the liver and kidney of crucian carp.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2002

Histopathological changes and cadmium accumulations in the gills were investigated in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 mg/1 cadmium (Cd) concentrations for 25 days. After 25 days of exposure. cadmium accumulations increased in each of the different exposure concentrations. Histopathological changes in the gills of curcian carp exposed to cadmium included the acidification of mucous cell, the terminal clubbing of lamellae, the hyperplasia of epitherial cell and the curved of secondary lamellae. The similar histopathological changes were observed once the accumulations of cadmium reached the similar levels found in the present study with the different exposure schemes. Also the acidification of mucous cell in gills appeared when cadmium accumulations reached 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g and more. These results suggested that histopathological changes in the gills, an appearance of mucous cell acidification. be used to estimate the relation between toxic effect and cadmium accumulations in the gills.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 2007

To determine the effects of anesthesia to clove oil on the secondary stress indices, changes in haematological and blood chemistry were monitored in healthy crucian carps (Carassius auratus). 24 fishes were divided into three groups, and blood was collected before anaesthesia (control group), immediately after anaesthesia at a concentration of 30 mg/l clove oil (anesthetized group), and 24 h after anaesthesia (recovered group). The anesthesia to clove oil significantly increased glucose in anaesthetized group, and constantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase in anaesthetized group and recovered group. However, clove oil had not effect on other biochemical indices. These results suggests that the anesthetic use of clove oil at a concentration of 30 mg/l does not cause irreversible damage in carp.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2006

In order to elucidate the behavior of the insecticide imidacloprid (1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine) in crucian carp (Carassius auratus L.) and its effects on the internal organs of crucian carp, the crucian carps were exposed to [$^{14}C$]imidacloprid at a predicted environmental concentration of 0.064 mg/L for 4 days. Imidacloprid in water was absorbed into crucian carps to reach the maximum concentration at 2 days after exposure. Unknown major metabolite and imidacloprid urea, minor metabolite, were detected in test water. The amounts of the [$^{14}C$]imidacloprid and its metabolites absorbed in gall were much higher than those in the other parts, strongly suggesting that biliary excretion involving enterohepatic recirculation could be an import route for the elimination of imidacloprid absorbed in crucian carps. Meanwhile, no toxic effects of imidacloprid on liver and kidney as well as the genital organs such as testis and ovary were observed by microscopic inspection.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2018

This study investigated cytogenetic and hematological and histological characteristics between diploid and spontaneous triploid on Cyprinidae (Crucian carp, Carassius auratus; crucian carp, C. cuvieri and common carp, Cyprinus carpio) in four major rivers of Korea. In our results, DNA contents of triploid Cyprinidae were 50% more than those of diploid Cyprinidae. Also, erythrocyte size of triploid Cyprinidae was 50% larger than those of diploid Cyprinidae. In all sampling rivers, sex ratios of C. auratus were biased to female, and especially, triploid groups of C. auratus were all female groups (p<0.05). In principle, sex ratios of C. cuvieri and common carp were equivalent between male and female.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.241-251
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• 2010

Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) has been used as the sentinel species for POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) monitoring in aquatic environment. However, there is little information for dioxin toxicity and especially, early life stage toxicity in crucian carp have been never carried out. In this study, we investigated several toxic effects for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) in fertilized egg obtained by natural fertilization from crucian carp. The embryos at 3 h post-fertilization (hpf) were treated with 0.039, 0.156, 0.625, and 2.5 (${\mu}g/L$) TCDD by waterborne exposure for 60 minutes and changed with fresh water 2 times per day. Fertilized eggs started hatching at 51 hpf and TCDD exposed embryo showed decrease of hatching rate in a dose-dependent manner at 75 hpf. Pericardial edema was continuously observed in larvae exposed to TCDD from hatching start time (51 hpf), followed by the onset of mortality. In addition, AhR-related gene, CYP1A was clearly increased by TCDD in a dose dependent manner. These results indicated that fertilized eggs obtained from crucian carp have the TCDD related gene regulation and a distinct TCDD developmental toxicity syndrome by TCDD exposure. Therefore, we suggested that early life stage test in crucian carp could be used as test methods on dioxins toxicity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2002

Histopathological changes and cadmium accumulations in the gills were investigated in crucian carp(Carassius auratus) exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5mg/$\ell$ cadmium(Cd) concentrations for 25 days. After 25 days of exposure, cadmium accumulations increased in each of the different exposure concentrations.(omitted)