• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.30-39
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• 2016

There have been many cases of deaths from crushing caused by dense crowds. Numerous studies about pedestrian flow have performed various simulations, but the experimental data to prove the simulations are still not enough. In this paper, the evacuation of pedestrians for proving pedestrian flow simulation is observed. Due to the possibility of real casualties, it is difficult to experiment with humans directly. Therefore, ten C57BL/6NCrSIc mice have been used. It is assumed that C57BL/6NCrSIc mice act like humans in panic situations. Electrical Stimulus Experiments on mice are conducted for exits with various angles. ICY software is applied in this paper. As a result, the mice escape fast at a proper angle of 45 to 60 degrees.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.307-313
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• 2013

This paper presents a simulation for passenger ship evacuation considering determination of evacuating direction based on walking direction potential function. In order to determine walking direction of a passenger, his/her position in two dimensional plane was adopted as a design variable, and fixed boundaries such as walls and obstacles were adopted as constraints. To solve this optimum problem, a walking direction potential function was adopted as an objective function. This potential function was configured as a kind of penalty function and it contained two components. One is a potential function concerned with the distance to the destination, and other is a potential function based on the effect of walls and obstacles. To determine evacuating direction, this problem was solved by minimizing the walking direction potential function every unit time during the simulation. The crowd behavior of the passenger consisted of the flock behavior, a form of collective behavior of a large number of interacting passengers with a common group. With the proposed algorithm, the test problems in International Maritime Organization, Maritime Safety Committee/Circulation 1238(IMO MSC/Circ.1238) were implemented and the direction of passengers and total evacuation time was analyzed.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.7_8
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• pp.713-718
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• 2003

The CONDENSATION (Conditional Density Propagation) algorithm has a robust tracking performance and suitability for real-time implementation. However, the CONDENSATION tracker has some difficulties with real-time implementation for multiple people tracking since it requires very complicated shape modeling and a large number of samples for precise tracking performance. Further, it shows a poor tracking performance in the case of close or partially occluded people. To overcome these difficulties, we present three improvements: First, we construct effective templates of people´s shapes using the SOM (Self-Organizing Map). Second, we take the discrete HMM (Hidden Markov Modeling) for an accurate dynamical model of the people´s shape transition. Third, we use the competition rule to separate close or partially occluded people effectively. Simulation results shows that the proposed CONDENSATION algorithm can achieve robust and real-time tracking in the image sequences of a crowd of people.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1426-1447
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• 2021

The payoff game between task publishers and users in the mobile crowdsensing environment is a hot topic of research. A optimal payoff selection model based on stochastic evolutionary game is proposed. Firstly, the process of payoff optimization selection is modeled as a task publisher-user stochastic evolutionary game model. Secondly, the low-quality data is identified by the data quality evaluation algorithm, which improves the fitness of perceptual task matching target users, so that task publishers and users can obtain the optimal payoff at the current moment. Finally, by solving the stability strategy and analyzing the stability of the model, the optimal payoff strategy is obtained under different intensity of random interference and different initial state. The simulation results show that, in the aspect of data quality evaluation, compared with BP detection method and SVM detection method, the accuracy of anomaly data detection of the proposed model is improved by 8.1% and 0.5% respectively, and the accuracy of data classification is improved by 59.2% and 32.2% respectively. In the aspect of the optimal payoff strategy selection, it is verified that the proposed model can reasonably select the payoff strategy.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2013

This paper presents a simulation for passenger ship evacuation considering the inclination of a ship. In order to describe a passenger's behavior in an evacuation situation, a passenger is modeled as a rigid body which translates in the horizontal plane and rotates along the vertical axis. The position and rotation angle of a passenger are calculated by solving the dynamic equations of motions at each time step. To calculate inclined angle of damaged ship, static equilibrium equations of damaged ship are derived using "added weight method". Using these equations, physical external forces due to the inclination of a ship act on the body of each passenger. The crowd behavior of the passenger is considered as the flock behavior, a form of collective behavior of a large number of interacting passengers with a common group objective. Passengers can also avoid an obstacle due to penalty forces acting on their body. With the passenger model and forces acting on its body, the test problems in International Maritime Organization, Maritime Safety Committee/Circulation 1238(IMO MSC/Circ.1238) are implemented and the effects of ship's inclination on the evacuation time are confirmed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.55-62
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• 2023

In this paper, we present a method that utilizes geometry-based sound generation techniques to efficiently handle multiple sound sources, wind turbulence, and temperature-dependent interactions. Recently, a method based on reduced raytracing has been proposed to update the sound position and efficiently calculate sound propagation and diffraction without recursive reflection/refraction of many rays, but this approach only considers the propagation characteristics of sound and does not consider the interaction of multiple sound sources, wind currents, and temperature. These limitations make it difficult to create sound scenes in a variety of virtual environments because they only generate static sounds. In this paper, we propose a method for efficiently constructing a sound map in a situation where multiple sounds are placed, and a method for efficiently controlling the movement of an agent through it. In addition, we propose a method for controlling sound propagation by considering wind currents and temperature. The method proposed in this paper can be utilized in various fields such as metaverse environment design and crowd simulation, as well as games that can improve content immersion based on sound.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2024

Uncertainty of the model, system delay and drive dynamics can be considered as normal uncertainties, and the main source of uncertainty in the seismic control system is related to the nature of the simulated seismic error. In this case, optimizing the management strategy for one particular seismic record will not yield the best results for another. In this article, we propose a framework for online management of active structural management systems with seismic uncertainty. For this purpose, the concept of reinforcement learning is used for online optimization of active crowd management software. The controller consists of a differential controller, an unplanned gain ratio, the gain of which is enhanced using an online reinforcement learning algorithm. In addition, the proposed controller includes a dynamic status forecaster to solve the delay problem. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controllers, thousands of ground motion data sets were processed and grouped according to their spectrum using fuzzy clustering techniques with spatial hazard estimation. Finally, the controller is implemented in a laboratory scale configuration and its operation is simulated on a vibration table using cluster location and some actual seismic data. The test results show that the proposed controller effectively withstands strong seismic interference with delay. The goals of this paper are towards access to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services, promotion of inclusive and sustainable urbanization and participation, implementation of sustainable and disaster-resilient buildings, sustainable human settlement planning and manage. Simulation results is believed to achieved in the near future by the ongoing development of AI and control theory.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.225-270
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• 2008

We analyze macroeconomic consequences of pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) public pension system with a simple overlapping generations model. Contrary to large body of existing literatures offering quantitative results based on simulation study, we take another route by adopting a highly simplified framework in search of qualitatively tractable analytical results. The main contribution of our results lies in providing a sound theoretical foundation that can be utilized in interpreting various quantitative results offered by simulation studies of large scale general equilibrium models. We present a simple overlapping generations model with a defined benefit(DB) PAYGO public pension system as a benchmark case and derive an analytical equilibrium solution utilizing graphical illustration. We also discuss the modifications of the benchmark model required to encompass a defined contribution(DC) public pension system into the basic framework. Comparative statics analysis provides three important implications; First, introduction and expansion of the PAYGO public pension, DB or DC, result in lower level of capital accumulation and higher expected rate of return on the risky asset. Second, it is shown that the progress of population aging is accompanied by lower capital stock due to decrease in both demand and supply of risky asset. Moreover, risk premium for risky asset increases(decreases) as the speed of population aging accelerates(decelerates) so that the possibility of so-called "the great meltdown" of asset market cannot be excluded although the odds are not high. Third, it is most likely that the switch from DB PAYGO to DC PAYGO would result in lower capital stock and higher expected return on the risky asset mainly due to the fact that the young generation regards DC PAYGO pension as another risky asset competing against the risky asset traded in the market. This theoretical prediction coincides with one of the firmly established propositions in empirical literature that the currently dominant form of public pension system has the tendency to crowd out private capital accumulation.