• 아동학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.263-279
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• 2005

This study explored the participant roles and the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between interpersonal behavior characteristics and bullying/victimization. The subjects were 4th and 5th grade children and instruments were the Participant Roles Scale, Self-Report Coping Scale, Teenage Inventory of Social Skills, and Social Anxiety/Avoidance. They were contacted again one year later. In the distribution of participant roles at Time 1, defender of the victim was highest, then outsider; at Time 2 outsider was the highest and then defender. There was a tendency of gender difference in distribution of participant roles only at Time 1. Males were more in the group of reinforcer; females were more in the group of defender and victim. There were high positive correlations among bully/reinforcer/assistant scores. In the concurrent view, children who used approach coping strategies and showed higher social skills were more likely to be defender. Children who had lower social skills and higher social anxiety and social avoidance were more likely to be victim. In the longitudinal view, children who had developed higher social skills were more likely to be defender. Children who had employed less approach coping strategies and had showed lower social skills and higher social avoidance were more likely to be victim.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

Materials and methods: Sixty extracted premolars were assigned to three groups according to the root canal system (Weine's classification; type I, II and III) of 20 teeth each using radiographic examination. The root tip was cut horizontally 1 mm from the anatomical apex and the apical cross-section was visualized using microscope at x50 magnification and photographed. Minimum and maximum apical root canal diameter of each tooth was measured and classified into three types by canal morphology (round, oval and flattened shape). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the apical root canal diameter and morphology according to the root canal system. Results: In apical root canal morphology at cross-sectional view, the most common shape was round in type I, flat in type II, and oval in type III. In apical root canal diameters at cross-sectional view, there was a significant difference between the minimum and maximum diameter in all types (p<0.05). The maximum diameter was 0.331 mm in type I, 0.519 mm in type II, and 0.310 mm in type III. There was a significant difference among type I, III and type II (p<0.05). Conclusion: The morphology and diameter of apical root canal was different according to the root canal system. Therefore, clinicians should consider the apical file size in view of the apical root canal shape according to the root canal system.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the correlation of the cross-sectional areas(CSA) of paraspinalis(iliocostalis lumborum, multifidus, longissimus thoracis parts lumborum) and psoas muscle and sex, age, change of the VAS(visual analogue scale) and past history of chronic low back pain in patients suffering from HIVD(herniation of intervertebral disc). Methods : Medical records of 140 subjects with HIVD were retrospectively reviewed. The MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) findings on the patients were scanned and analyzed by PiView program to find the paraspinal and psoas muscle CSA and were evaluated by the correlation of sex, age, change of the VAS, and past history of chronic low back pain. Results : There was significant difference between groups in male and female, young-adults age and middle age, middle age and old age, young-adults age and old age. But the correlation of the paraspinal and psoas muscle CSA and past history of chronic low back pain were partially significant. On the other hand, the correlation of the paraspinal and psoas muscle CSA and change of the VAS were not significant. Conclusions : These results suggest that the cross-sectional areas(CSA) of paraspinalis and psoas muscle have relevance to sex and age.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1582-1590
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• 2011

An analysis of the railroad industry for R&D investments has been insufficient whereas there are lots of analysis of accumulation of technology, economic performances and ripple effects for macroscopic view and other industry of R&D investments. This study decided intellectual rights, patent, and paper as common indicators of scientific and technological performances for setting up performance targets through surveying and analysis of preceding study and verified a appropriateness of scientific and technological performances for railroad R&D 11 projects which were successfully finished. Preceding study has been set up performance targets by research investments as input, but this study made a performance target by model through a cross-sectional and residual analysis of performances of railroad R&D 11 Projects in applying research investments, capital investments, inner labor cost and inner labor cost per man and research time as inputs, and verified a validity and a empirical analysis through analysis of other project.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2005

Data were collected by peer nomination and sociometric nomination when children were in 4th grade and again two years later, Concurrent results of peer nominations were that prosocial children were more accepted while overtly/relationally aggressive children were more rejected by peers. Peer acceptance of males at Time 1 affected peer acceptance at Time 2. Peer rejection of females at Time 2 wasn't affected by overt aggression at Time 1. Cross-sectional results of social status were that rejected and controversial children showed higher levels of overt aggression than any other group. Popular children were most prosocial; rejected children were least prosocial. In the prospective view, aggressive males remained more rejected than any other group. Rejected children remained least prosocial.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1995

동맥전단부를 연구할수있는 새로운 실험방법과 기계역학적 분석방법을 제시하였다. 지금까지동맥역학적 연구는 대부분이 동맥의 길이방향과 원주방향에 대한것이 이였다. 두께방향의 변형은 포아손비라든지 비압축성가정으로 이론적으로 결정되었다. 또한 두께에 걸친 변형의 변화도 무시되었다. 그러나 병리학적인 의미에서 동맥의 두께에 걸친 변형도와 변형의 분포는 중요한 의미를 가진다. 그러므로 본연구에서 제안된 실험방법과 장치는 두께전반에 걸친 변형을 측정할수 있게 했다. 또한 전단부의 부위별 변형도의 관찰이 가능하고 병리적인 동맥경화증에 대한 현상과 역학적현상을 상관시킬 수 있음에 중요한 의미를 들 수 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.442-447
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• 1999

서론: 성장기에서 기관의 성장양상에 관한 이해는 수많은 기관질병의 관리나 선천성 기관협착증에서 기관 성형술 등에서 매우 중요한 지표가 된다. 그러나 이에 관한 국내의 연구례가 거의없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 한국인 소아에서 기관의 내경과 단면적을 후향적으로 분석하여 기관질환의 치료에 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1996년 5월부터 1998년 8월까지 흉부전산화 단층촬영을 시행한 0세부터 20세까지 106명의 환자를 대상으로 하였는데 기관의 내경이나 단면적에 영향을 줄 수 있는 기관질환, 과거에 개흉술을 받은 경우, 종격동 종양, 폐쇄성 폐질환이 있는 경우는 본 연구에서 제외시켰다. 남자가 69명, 여자가 37명이었으며 기관의 종단내경과 횡단내경은 흉부유입부와 대동맥궁 부위에서 각각 측정하였다. 기관의 형태는 각 부위의 단면에서 원형, 타원형, 말발굽형으로 구분하였으며 단면적은 A = 1/4$\pi$ab (A: 단면적, $\pi$: 3.14, a: 종단내경, b: 횡단내경)의 공식으로 계산하여 각 부위의 내경과 연령 및 성별에 따른 단면적을 비교 분석하였다. 통계처리에서 p값이 0.05이하일 때 통계적 의미가 있는 것으로 간주하였다. 결과: 5세이하에서는 level I과 II 모두에서 기관의 형태가 원형을 이루고 있었으며 두 부위간의 단면적의 차이는 없었다. 성장함에 따라 level I의 형태는 타원형으로 변해가는 반면 level II에서는 그대로 원형을 유지하고 있었으며 level I의 단면적이 level II 보다 크다(p=0.020). 기관의 내경과 단면적은 성장함에 따라 직선관계로 증가한다는 것이 확인되었고(r>0.9), 5세이하의 소아에서는 여자가 남자보다 기관의 단면적이 크고 (p=0.020) 15세가 넘으면 반대로 남자가 더 크다 (p=0.002). 결론: 이상의 결과에서 흉부전산화 단층촬영은 기관의 내경과 단면적을 측정하는데 있어 안전하고 확실한 방법이며 성장기의 한국인에서 기관의 내경과 단면적에 대한 지표가 되고자 한다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2004

재분배기법을 이용한 변위조절설계법이 고층건물의 실용적인 변위제어 기법으로 제안되고 있다. 현재까지 대부분의 재분배기법을 이용한 변위조절설계법은 일률적으로 단면적을 설계변수로 사용하고 있으나, 부재 특성에 따라 지배적인 부재력이 다르므로 부재적 특성을 고려하여 설계변수를 선택할 필요가 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 부재별로 부재력 특성을 고려한 설계변수를 사용한 변위조절설계법을 제안하고 이를 20층 강접골조-전단벽 구조물의 변위조절설계에 적용하여 기존의 단면적을 설계변수로 사용한 변위조절설계법과 비교 평가하였다. 적용 결과, 부재 특성을 고려한 변위조설설계법이 부재별로 지배적인 부재력에 해당하는 부재 단면성능을 설계변수로하여 부재별 변위기여도를 직접 조절하므로 물량 및 변위 예측의 정확도 측면에서 비슷하거나 더 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1565-1573
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• 2007

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of $K_2CO_3$ instead of NaOH on retting of the kenaf bast. We examined the relationship between separation of fiber bundle and tensile strength besides observing the color, handle and cross sectional view for the kenaf fiber retted with various concentration(100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 1000mmol) of $K_2CO_3$ and double retted with 0.5% pectinase after $K_2CO_3$ retting. The one retted on low $K_2CO_3$ concentration, $150{\sim}200mmol$, showed the best result on color, handle and luster. The separation of fiber bundle started even at the low $K_2CO_3$ concentration, 100mmol, and as the $K_2CO_3$ concentration was higher, the size of the fiber bundle was smaller. In the case of 1000mmol, the fiber bundle became irregular, but they were breaking up into certain way. Regardless of $K_2CO_3$ concentration, the thinner the diameters of the kenaf fiber bundle, the stronger tensile strength have appeared. This result corresponds with the result of cross sectional view. Retting on $150{\sim}200mmol\;K_2CO_3$ concentration was most effective on fiber bundle#s separation and tensile strength. The one with double retted with 0.5% pectinase after $K_2CO_3$ retting showed very small size of fiber bundle and low tensile strength compare to the one just retted on $K_2CO_3$. This decrease of tensile strength seem to be related to damage of the fiber resulted by excessive fibrillation.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2020

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study that analyzed the effect of quality of life on marriage views in college students. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between quality of life and marriage view. The study targets were 195 male and female university students aged between 20 and 25. The data collection was done only by those who voluntarily agreed to the study using online questionnaires, and the data collection period was from October 1 to October 30, 2020. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 for frequency analysis, χ2 analysis, Pearson correction, t-test, and simple regression analysis. The result of the study that men had higher conservative marriage view (M=3.22, SD=.716) than women (M=2.21, SD=.903, p<0.01), women had higher active marriages (M=3.94, SD=.955) than men (M=3.41, SD=.933, p<0.01), and women had higher exclusive marriage views (M=3.94, SD=.955) than men (M=3.41, SD=.933, p<0.01). And people with high quality of life positively influenced romantic marriage view (R2=.029, p<0.05), but negatively affected passive marriage view (R2=.029, p<0.05) and conservative marriage view (R2=.034, p<0.05). Based on the results of this study, a program is needed to create a positive marriage view for the married age group, create an environment for married people to positively engage in social and economic activities, and propose a program for creating healthy family relationships.