• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1998

Vsrio vulnificus is an estuarine gram-negative human pathogen that affects people with chronic hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus or other underlying diseases. V. vulnificus infection is mediated primarily by consumption of raw fish or by exposure of pre-existing wounds to seawater, causing permanent tissue damages or fatal septic shock. We have been developing a vaccine against V. vulnificus composed of whole cell Iysate of a V. vulnificus O-antigen serotype 4 strain. Oral administration of the V. vulnificus;oral vaccine;immunogenicity;protective efficacy vaccine elicited a high serum antibody response in rabbits. The induced antibodies were reactive not only to the homologous strain but also to heterologous O-antigen serotype strains, indicating cross-reactivities among serotypes. Western blot analysis revealed that the antibodies are mainly specific for outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and reacted equally well with OMPs purified from 9 O-antigen serotypes. The rabbit antisera showed opsonophagocytic killing activity against heterologous strains as well as the homologous strain. Passively transferred rabbit antisera into mice were protective against a lethal V. vulnificus infection. These data demonstrate that oral administration of the V. vulnificus vaccine induced a systemic antibody response which had a protective efficacy against V. vulnificus infections, suggesting that this vaccine preparation could be used to develop an oral vaccine against V. vulnificus.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.511-524
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• 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a threat to human health and public safety. People of all ages are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. However, the clinical manifestations of this infection differ by age. This study purposes to describe healthcare considerations for special populations, such as children, pregnant and lactating women, and older adults, who may have unique healthcare needs, in the pandemic situation. To realize the research purpose, we conducted a review of the practice guidelines of public documents and qualified studies that were published online/offline during a specific period. The review identified current knowledge on care for newborns, children in schools, pregnant women (from antenatal to postpartum care), and older adults suffering from high-risk conditions. Subsequently, we summarize vaccination guidance for special populations and, finally, discuss the issues currently affecting special populations. Therefore, this current knowledge on care for special populations helps nurses to provide accurate information on vaccinations aimed at preventing COVID-19 and protecting the masses from infection. Currently, the scarcity of information on COVID-19 variants necessitates further research on measures to reduce pandemic spread.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제42권
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• pp.12.1-12.9
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• 2020

Coronavirus is an enveloped virus with positive-sense single-stranded RNA. Coronavirus infection in humans mainly affects the upper respiratory tract and to a lesser extent the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical symptoms of coronavirus infections can range from relatively mild (similar to the common cold) to severe (bronchitis, pneumonia, and renal involvement). The disease caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was called Covid-19 by the World Health Organization in February 2020. Face-to-face communication and consistent exposure to body fluids such as blood and saliva predispose dental care workers at serious risk for 2019-nCoV infection. As demonstrated by the recent coronavirus outbreak, information is not enough. During dental practice, blood and saliva can be scattered. Accordingly, dental practice can be a potential risk for dental staff, and there is a high risk of cross-infection. This article addresses all information collected to date on the virus, in accordance with the guidelines of international health care institutions, and provides a comprehensive protocol for managing possible exposure to patients or those suspected of having coronavirus.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.239-242
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• 2004

This study examined the detection rate of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in serum and saliva samples, respectively, from 120 dental patients who were unaware if they have or had either hepatitis or tuberculosis. The frequencies of HBsAg and anti-HBs were determined using an immunochromatic assay. Mtb positivity was determined by the PCR method. Of the 120 patients, 7 (5.8％) were HBV positive and 30 (25.0％) were Mtb positive. This highlights the fact that dental health care workers (DHCWs) can be exposed to the risk of infection from blood- or saliva-borne pathogens as a consequence of their work. Therefore, it is very important to prevent cross infection between patients and dental personnel. Accordingly, laboratory tests prior to surgical treatment are needed to determine the infectious state of dental patients in order to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in dental clinics.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2009

Diseases caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus infection is considered to be emerging plant diseases in Indonesia in the last five years. One key factor for disease management is the availability of accurate detection of the virus in plants. Polyclonal antibody for Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus-Bogor (PYLCIV-Bgr) was produced for detection of the virus using I-ELISA and DIBA methods. The antibody was able to detect PYLCIV-Bgr from infected plants up to dilution 1/16,384 and cross reaction was not observed with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV). Positive reaction was readily detected in membrane containing Begomovirus samples from Yogyakarta (Kaliurang and Kulonprogo) and West Java (Bogor and Segunung). Infection of PYLCIV-Bgr in chillipepper, tomato, and Ageratum conyzoides was also confirmed using polyclonal antibody for PYLCIV-Bgr in DIBA. Polyclonal antibody for PYLCIV-Bgr is suggested to be included in disease management approach due to its good detection level.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.157-157
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• 2002

The toxicity of GX-12, a naked DNA vaccine developed by research team of Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Green Cross Company and Genexine for the treatment of HIV infection, was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. In single-dose intramuscular/oral acute toxicity studies, animals were treated 0, 250, 1000 or 4000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/$m\ell$ in sodium phosphate buffer.(omitted)

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.490-494
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• 2004

An efficacy test of PRP (polyribosylribitol phosphate)-TT (Tetanus toxoid) conjugate vaccines was carried out using BALB/c mice as an animal model by inoculating Haemophilus in­fluenzae type b (Hib) with a virulence enhancement factor (VEF). Three administrations of the conjugate vaccines at 2-week intervals elicited a significantly high level of PRP antibodies (P>0.0001). The protective activity of the PRP immunization was challenged with either Hib with iron dextran (Hib/) or with a combination of mucin and hemoglobin (Hibmh) as a VEF. The me­dium lethal dose $(LD_{50})$ for Hibmh and Hibiwas measured as 10 CFU (Colony Forming Unit) and $2.5{\times}10^{8}$ CFU respectively. Each immunized animal was challenged with five or ten times the $LD_{50}$ level of bacteria with a VEF. A significant difference in mortality between the immunized and control mice (P> 0.01) was observed with the Hibmh challenge inoculation but not with the Hibi challenge inoculation. These results show that a combination of mucin and hemoglobin was able to enhance the virulence of Hib in BALB/c mice to cause a lethal infection, thus suggesting that BALB/c mice introduced to this method can be an effective model animal for testing the protective efficacy of H. influenzae conjugate vaccines.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.517-522
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• 2002

목적: 선천성 심장질환에서 수술 직후 심장부종이나 혈역학적 불안정 상태시 흉골을 열어놓고 나중에 봉합을 하는 지연 흉골 봉합이 도움이 될 수 있다. 이러한 경우에 있어서 사망률과 종격동 감염률 그리고 그 위험 인자를 알고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 1월부터 2001년 5월까지 연세대학교 의과대학 심장혈관병원에서 선천성 심장수술 후 지연 흉골 봉합을 시행한 40명의 환자를 대상으로 이들에 있어서 사망률과 종격동 감염률를 조사하고 이에 영향을 미치는 인자로 수술시간, 인공심폐기 사용시간(bypass time), 대동맥 결찰시간(ACC time), 수술 후 흉골을 열어놓고 있었던 시간, 인공호흡기를 하고 있었던 기간을 조사하였다. 종격동 감염은 종격동에서 균이 동정된 경우로 정의 하였다. 결과: 흉골을 열고 나온 이유로는 혈역학적 불안정이 36명으로 가장 많았고 출혈과 흉골 봉합시 도관(conduit)이 눌려 열고 나온 경우가 각각 2명이었다. 이들의 수술시 나이는 $14.4{\pm}33.4$개월(2일-12년 2개월)이었고 출혈과 흉골 봉합시 도관이 눌려 흉골을 열고 나왔던 4명 모두 나머지에 비해 나이가 많았다. 봉합까지의 평균 기간은 $4.5{\pm}3.4$일(1~20일)이었다. 사망률은 25%(10/40)였으며 종격동 감염률은 수술후 10일 이전에 감염이 원인이 아닌 사망을 보인 3명의 환자를 제외한 나머지 환자를 대상으로 하였을 때 24.3%(9/37)를 나타내었다. 이러한 사망률과 종격동 감염율에 미치는 위험 인자로 수술 시간, 인공심폐기 사용기간, 대동맥 결찰시간, 수술후 흉골을 열고 있었던 기간, 인공호흡기를 하고 있었던 기간을 설정 후 이에 대한 단변량 분석결과 대동맥 결찰 시간만이 사망률에 대해 의미를 가졌으나 다변량 분석결과에서는 통계학적 의미를 갖지 못했다. 결론: 선천성 심장병 수술후 지연 흉골 봉합을 하는 경우 상대적으로 높은 사망률과 종격동 감염률을 보였으나 수술후 혈역학적 불안정상태 및 출혈, 도관이 눌러는 경우 등에 있어서 수술당시 흉골 봉합을 시도했다면 더 높은 사망률이 예상된다. 이러한 경우에 있어 지연 흉골 봉합을 통하여 더 높은 생존율을 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.282-293
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of infection control implemented at dental offices and factors affecting it in an attempt to help promote the health of dental health care workers. The subjects in this study were 180 medical personnels who worked at dental offices in the region of South Jeolla Province. A self-administered survey was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2008, and the collected data were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for the implementation of infection control at the dental offices, what the health care workers investigated did the most was post-treatment hand washing(95.0), a constant separation of infectious wastes(94.4), wearing rubber gloves all the time during medical instrument cleansing(92.8) and pre-treatment hand washing(91.7). 2. In regard to the implementation of infection control at the dental offices, what the dental personnels did the least was drying their hands with air(5.0), wearing goggles in times of treatment(23.3), receiving regular education on infection control(26.7) and putting sterilizers to a performance test on a regular basis(43.9). 3. The dental health care workers were significantly different according to age in the management of contagious diseases(p=0.005). Their career made a significant difference to the management of contagious diseases(p=0.000) and instrument cleansing/sterilization(p=0.043). The service area made a significant difference to wearing and managing personal protective clothes (p=0.040) and waste management(p=0.040). 4. Concerning the relationship between the acquisition of dental hygienist certificate and the practice of infection control, whether the dental health care workers were certified or not made no significant difference to that. 5. As to the correlation among the factors affecting the prevention and management of contagious diseases, there was a positive correlation among hand washing(r=0.379), wearing and managing personal protective clothes(r=0.349), instrument cleansing/sterilization(r=0.323) and waste management(r=0.388). All the factors made a statistically significant difference to the prevention and management of contagious diseases(p<0.01).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.207-212
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• 1990

이락촌폐흡충(Paragonimusiloktsuenensis) 감염 흰쥐 혈청의 항체 생산을 효소면역 반응 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: ELISA)으로 관찰하였다. 이락촌폐흡충의 피낭유충을 흰쥐 에 감염시킨 후 격주로 12주까지 채질한 혈청과 이락촌폐흡충 성충 추출 조항원의 반응, 면역교차 반응의 유무를 알기 위해 동혈청과 폐흡충(P. westermani) 조항원(PWA) 및 간흡충(Clonorchis sinensis) 조항원(CSA)의 반응을 ELISA의 OD값(optical density value)으로 측정하였다. 감염강도 별 혈청군(GI, GII, GIII, 및 GIV)은 회수된 충체수로 구분하였다. 이락촌폐흡충 감염 횐쥐 혈청은 동항원(PIA)과의 반응에서 감염 후 4주에 전 감염 개체의 평균 OD값이 대조 혈청과 유의한 차이를 나타내어 항체 양성 반응이 인정되었고, 조사된 12주까지 점차 OD간의 증가로 항체가의 증가를 나타내었다. 감염강도별로 구분한 군별 평균 OD값의 수치는 대체로 감염강도와 비례되었으나 감염 6주 이후 군별 OD값의 유의성은 없었고, 개체별 OD값은 보유충체 수에 비례하지 않는 개체들이 많았다. 이락촌폐흡충 감염 횐쥐 힐청은 폐흡충(p. westermani) 조항원(PWA) 및 간흡충(C. sinensis)조항원(CSA)과의 반응(ELISA)에서도 상당한 면역교차 반응을 나타내었다.