• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2020

Purpose: To analyze risk factors and various nutrients associated with stunting among children aged 6-60 months. Methods: This is a case-control and cross-sectional study between 40 stunting cases and 40 controls. Data on possible risk factors associated with stunting were obtained through direct interviews and using a questionnaire. Examination of vitamin D, zinc, albumin, and ferritin levels was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) to determine risk factors for stunting and to assess the relationship between nutritional levels and stunting. Results: The incidence of stunting was highest in children aged 12-36 months. Children with low weight and very low weight for age comprised of 55% and 22.5%, respectively, of the study participants. The highest mother's educational level was junior high school (40%). History of low birth weight (LBW) was more commonly observed in the stunting group than that in the control group (25.0% and 7.5%, respectively; p=0.034, odds ratio, 0.310 [95% confidence interval, 0.122-0.789]). Approximately 7.5% of cases had premature birth. Exclusive breast feeding was found to be not correlated with stunting. The mean zinc level in the stunting group was 34.17 ng/mL, which was different from that in the control group (50.83 ng/mL) (p=0.023). Blood ferritin, vitamin D, albumin, and calcium levels were not strongly correlated with stunting. Conclusion: LBW is the main risk factor contributing to stunting and is strongly associated with low zinc level.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.411-427
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• 2015

노계마을(본리 324-1번지) 제철유적 발굴조사 결과 중 1, 2호 로 주변에서 확인된 수혈유구에서 출토된 제철관련 유물을 대상으로 분석을 실시하여 철 생산 시설의 성격을 밝히고자 하였다. 분석은 슬래그, 철광석, 노벽 등 32개의 시료를 대상으로 미세조직관찰, 성분 및 화합물분석을 통해 재료적 특성을 확인하였다. 1호로 내부 슬래그의 경우 위치별 분석을 실시하여 형성과정에 대한 검토도 실시하였다. 단야로로 추정되는 1호로 내부에서 출토된 슬래그는 조업과정에서 노하부에 수차례에 걸쳐 노하부에 축적된 2차 공정 생성물로 확인되며 주변의 1호 및 2호 수혈유구 슬래그의 경우 일반적인 제련슬래그와 유사한 특징을 보인다. 제련로로 추정되는 2호로 주변에 위치한 5호 수혈유구 슬래그의 경우 회수율이 높지 않은 일반적인 유출 슬래그의 특징을 보여 제련공정의 관계성이 확인된다. 철광석의 품위는 다양하며 노벽재료는 특별히 내식성을 고려하여 선택하지 않은 것으로 여겨진다. 한편 슬래그의 CaO와 같은 비철원소의 성분함량이 철광석에 비해 높게 나타나는 현상은 석회물질의 첨가 보다는 목탄재에 의한 영향이나 전체적인 철 함량의 감소에 따른 나머지 구성원소의 상대적 증가에 의한 결과와 같은 다른 요인들에 대해 고려해 볼 필요가 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2012

Flavan-3-ols are a subclass of flavonoids found in a variety of foods including teas. The effects of flavan-3-ols on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been investigated, generally focusing on tea catechins or individual flavan-3-ol rich foods, but there is little information on dietary flavan-3-ols intake and risk of MetS in population-based studies. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between dietary flavan-3-ols intake and the risk of MetS in Korean adults. Subjects comprised 1,827 men and 2,918 women aged 20-69 years whose data was included in the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This survey was conducted between January 2008 and December 2008. Total flavan-3-ols intakes were calculated from 24-hour dietary recalls using a flavonoids database. Thirty percent of the male subjects and 24% of the female subjects were reported as having MetS. In the female subjects, flavan3-ols intake was inversely associated with the risk of MetS after adjusting for potential confounders (5th vs. 1st quintile, OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.45-0.91, P for trend=0.384). The main food source of flavan-3-ols was green tea followed by apples and grapes. Among MetS components, flavan-3-ols intake was inversely associated with the risk of high blood pressure after adjusting for potential confounders (5th vs. 1st quintile, OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.45-0.90, P for trend=0.005). No significant association between flavan-3-ols intake and risk of MetS was found in the male subjects. After stratified analysis by obesity (BMI ${\geq}$ 25 or BMI < 25), however, flavan3-ols intake was inversely related to the risk of hypertension in non-obese men. These results suggest that dietary flavan-3-ols intake may have beneficial effects on MetS risk by reducing the risk of hypertension. The effects of flavan-3-ols intake dependent on obesity need further investigation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.415-424
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• 2018

본 연구는 전국 특수학교(급)의 스마트교육 환경 조성 및 특수교사의 스마트기기 활용 실태를 파악하여 스마트교육의 활성화 방안을 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 특수학교(급)의 무선 인터넷 구축, 특수교사의 스마트기기 활용 등에 관한 14문항의 설문을 개발하였다. 설문조사는 전국 발달장애 특수학교와 초 중 고등학교 특수학급의 특수교사 991명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석을 위해 SPSS 21.0 통계 프로그램을 통해 빈도분석과 교차분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 특수학교(급) 모두 스마트교육을 위한 환경이 열악하고 교사들은 기반시설 부족, 추가비용의 발생 등으로 인해 어려움을 겪는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 특수학교(급) 교사들은 교과시간의 도입부분에 동기유발을 목적으로 스마트기기를 가장 많이 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 특수교육대상 학생을 위한 스마트교육 환경의 구축과 교사 지원을 위한 시스템 마련을 제안하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.783-786
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• 2015

Background: Utilizing geriatric screening tools for the identification of vulnerable older patients with cancer is important. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hospitalization risk of elderly hematologic cancer patients based on geriatric assessment and laboratory parameters. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 61 patients with hematologic malignancies, age 65 years and older, were assessed at a hematology outpatient clinic. Standard geriatric screening tests; activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), timed up and go test (TUG), geriatrics depression scale (GDS) were administered. Demographic and medical data were obtained from patient medical records. The number of hospitalizations in the following six months was then recorded to allow analysis of associations with geriatric assessment tools and laboratory parameters. Results: The median age of the patients, 37 being males, was 66 years. Positive TUG test and declined ADL was found as significant risk factors for hospitalization (p=0.028 and p=0.015 respectively). Correlations of hospitalization with thrombocytopenia, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency were statistically significant (p=0.004, p=0.011 and p=0.05 respectively). Conclusions: In this study, geriatric conditions which are usually unrecognized in a regular oncology office visit were identified. Our study indicates TUG and ADL might be use as predictive tests for hospitalization in elderly oncology populations. Also thrombocytopenia, and vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies are among the risk factors for hospitalization. The importance of vitamin B12 and folic acid vitamin replacement should not be underestimated in this population.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권5호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2010

Background: Rhinolaryngoscopy and sputum examination are popular tests for the evaluation of chronic cough. Little is known about the relationship between symptoms and rhinolaryngoscopic findings or sputum eosinophilia in chronic cough patients. Methods: One hundred patients, who had chronic cough with normal chest radiography and who also had undergone both rhinolaryngoscopy and induced sputum analysis, were reviewed retrospectively. Eleven associated symptoms of chronic cough were asked; postnasal drip (PND) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) were examined by rhinolaryngoscopy. Induced sputum analysis was performed for evaluation of sputum eosinophilia. Cross tabulation analyses with chi-square tests were used to evaluate the relationship between symptoms and objective findings. Results: The most frequent symptom was sputum (70%). The prevalence of PND and LPR on rhinolaryngoscopy were 56% (56/100) and 25.6% (22/86), respectively. Sputum eosinophilia was observed in 23 (23.7%) of 97 patients. The dyspnea (p=0.001), sputum (p=0.003), nasal obstruction (p=0.023), and postnasal drip sense (p=0.025) were related with PND on rhinolaryngoscopy. LPR on rhinolaryngoscopy was not related with any symptoms. Dyspnea (p=0.003), wheezing (p=0.005), nasal obstruction (p=0.013), and belching (p=0.018) were related with sputum eosinophilia. Conclusion: Any symptoms might not be related with LPR on laryngoscopy. Some symptoms might be related with PND on rhinoscopy or with sputum eosinophilia.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.499-521
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• 2013

본 연구는 중학교 3학년 학생들의 '단원별 이해도에 대한 신념'과 학업성취도와의 관계를 분석하고, '단원을 이해하고 있다'는 신념을 가진 학생들의 수학적 개념, 수학적 절차, 수학적 개념 및 수학적 절차의 적용에 대한 이해 정도를 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 SPSS를 이용한 교차분석 빈도분석과 학생들과의 면담을 실시하였다. 학생들의 '단원별 이해도에 대한 신념'과 학업성취도와의 관계를 분석한 결과, '단원별 이해도에 대한 신념'과 중간고사 각 문항의 학업성취도가 같을 것이라는 것을 기대할 수 없다는 것을 알았다. 그리고 학생들이 '단원을 이해하고 있다'는 신념과 수학적 개념, 수학적 절차, 수학적 개념 및 수학적 절차의 적용에 대한 이해를 묻는 문항들에 대하여 이해정도를 분석한 결과, '단원별 이해도에 대한 신념'과 수학적 절차에 대한 이해를 묻는 문항들 사이에는 이해 정도 비율의 차이가 크지 않았지만, '단원별 이해도에 대한 신념'과 수학적 개념에 대한 이해를 묻는 문항들 사이에 이해 정도 비율은 평균적으로 10%정도 차이가 났다. 이러한 결과가 나타난 이유에 대해 학생들과의 면담 결과, '단원을 이해하고 있다'는 신념은 수학적 개념을 이해하는 것이 아니라, 기계적 절차를 통하여 수학 문제를 해결할 수 있다는 의미로 받아들이고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.435-445
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• 2010

이 연구는 Beard와 Ragheb[9]에 의해 개발되고 국내에서는 이종길[7]이 사용한 여가만족척도의 번안적절성에 그에 따른 타당도를 검증하고 적용성을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구를 위해 먼저 여가만족척도의 문항과 각 요인의 조작적 정의를 번안 및 역번안을 수행하고 여가학 전문가들이 내용을 검토하였다. 타당도 검증을 위해 설문조사하여 총 515명(대학생 290명, 일반인 225명)의 자료를 분석에 이용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 14.0과 AMOS 5.0 프로그램을 이용하여 문항분석, 상관분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 다중회귀분석, 그리고 확인적 요인분석을 수행하여 여가만족척도의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 연구결과 기존에 국내에서 사용되던 여가만족척도의 요인의 명칭(심리적, 교육적, 사회적, 신체적, 심미적, 긴장이완)과 문항을 수정하고 조작적 정의를 제시하였다. 또한 자료분석 결과 6개요인, 24개 문항으로 구성된 여가만족척도의 신뢰도와 타당도는 매우 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 여가만족과 삶의 질과의 관계를 분석한 결과 심리적요인과 긴장이완요인에서 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 재 번역되고 타당도가 검증된 여가만족 척도는 향후 국내연구에서 유용한 도구로 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2012

To evaluate age and gender differences in the relation of cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive impairment, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis from aged people using by a cross sectional method. Sixty-nine healthy elders living in the community who had not previously undergone carotid ultrasonography were included. We conducted life style surveys, and cognitive function tests including Korean-mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and clinical dementia rating-Korean. Various biomarkers from blood were assessed; fasting insulin-like growth factor-1, lipid-profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, total homocysteine, glucose, insulin, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance index, vitamin B12, and folate level. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), and plaques were measured using carotid ultrasonography and aortic ultrasonography, a valid index of atherosclerosis. For the elderly subjects (aged 65-82 years), cognition impairment was more prevalent in females while subclinical atherosclerosis was more prevalentin males. Increased C-IMT has been kept in males, and C-IMT shows increasing trend and the peak at about 80 year-old in females with increasing age. The significant correlations between C-IMT and many vascular risk factors including age, triglyceride, abnormal homocysteinein male, and K-MMSE, insulin, HOMA index and abnormal aortic ultrasonography in female were different in each gender, with the exception of homocysteine (p<0.05). This data suggests that there were differences of age and gender characteristics in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors in community-living elders. Further larger and longitudinal studies across entire age are required to better understand the effects of risk factors on subclinical atherosclerosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1097-1102
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• 2016

Background: Liver fluke infection with Opisthorchis viverrini and its associated cholangiocarcinoma constitute a serious problem in Thailand. Healthy behavior can decrease infection, therefore, the investigation of knowledge, attitude, and practice is need required in high risk areas. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the behavior and perceptions regarding liver fluke. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Chum Phuang district of Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand during July to November 2015. A total 80 participants who had screened with verbal screening test, stool examination, and ultrasonography, were purposive selected and completed a pre-designed questionnaire (Kruder-Richardon-20=0.80, Cronbach's alpha coefficient=0.82 and 0.79). T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test were used for analyzed data. Results: The results reveal that O. viverrini infection was 1.25%, and 3 patients had a dilated bile ducts. The participants had a high knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding liver fluke. The education, occupation, and income, were statistical significant to attitude regarding liver fluke. Nurses and television were the main sources of information regarding liver fluke, with statistical significance(p-value <0.05). Knowledge was significantly associated with attitude and practice (p-value<0.05). Conclusions: Participants had good behavior regarding liver fluke. Improvement of knowledge and attitude is influenced to practical change regarding this carcinogenic fluke. In addition, nurse and television are the main information resources for key success in increasing people perception for disease prevention and control in this area.