• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing nicotine dependency among college students intending to quit smoking, and to provide data for the construction of programs that will be successful in helping the students quit smoking. Method: In this study a cross-sectional survey to analyze was used. The data were collected between April 22 and April 24, 2013 from 218 college students who had unsuccessfully tried to quit smoking in the past but were now intending to try and quit smoking again. Data were analyzed using frequency, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression with the SPSS 21.0. Results: Factors influencing nicotine dependency were self-efficacy for smoking abstinence (t=-6.60, p=<.001), length of time since beginning to smoke (t=5.39, p<.001), level of carbon monoxide intake (t=2.38, p=.018), and withdrawal symptoms as reasons why the students failed to quit smoking (t=2.22, p=.028). These 4 variables accounted for 35.0% of the variance with regard to nicotine dependency. Conclusions: To conduct a successful program for students who intend to quit smoking, self-efficacy for smoking abstinence, length of time since beginning to smoke, level of carbon monoxide, and withdrawal symptoms as reasons for failing to quit smoking should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing job satisfaction among nurses working in college health centers in order to enhance their role functions and to increase their work capabilities. Method: In this study a cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 106 nurses working in college health centers. Collected data were analyzed using frequency, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression with the SPSS 20.0. Results: Mean scores for self-efficacy, job stress and job satisfaction for the participants were 3.86 (5-point scale), 2.51 (5-point scale) and 3.37 (5-point scale) respectively. There was a negative correlation between self-efficacy and job satisfaction (r=-.653, p<.001). Factors influencing job satisfaction were job stress (${\beta}$=-.58, p=<.001), level of perception among the nurses that they were contributing to the health promotion of students (${\beta}$=-.21, p=.005) and marital status (${\beta}$=.17, p=.029). These 3 elements accounted for 47.7% of the variance in job satisfaction. Conclusions: The results indicate that reduction in job stress and increase in the perception that nurses are contributing to the promotion of students' health are important to reinforce the role function of nurses and to increase their work capabilities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

Purpose: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which an exploration was done of how nursing students perceive debriefing and what they think are the most effective debriefing methods for simulation-based nursing education. Methods: A convenience sample of 296 sophomore, junior and senior nursing students from three universities and who had attended simulation classes participated in this study. Survey data garnered was analyzed using descriptive analysis and $x^2$ test. Results: A high majority of the participants (98.3%) saw debriefing as "learning from mistakes", while 62.8% considered it more important than simulations/scenarios. They also perceived debriefing to be effective when they analyzed their colleagues' and their own performances and received feedback. Sophomore students preferred writing a reflection paper as an effective debriefing method compared to junior and senior students. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that debriefing is an important component of simulation-based education and should be considered part of the teaching strategies with debriefing methods dependent on themes and scenarios and what is needed to achieve learning outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2018

Purpose: Fatigue and clinical practice stress can negatively influence nursing students. This study was done to examine of communication skill as mediating effect variable in the relationship between fatigue and stress during clinical practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Research participants were 124 nursing students from G city and J province. Data were collected from December 1, 2016 to January 30, 2017 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Baron and Kenny method. Results: Fatigue had a significant negative correlation with communication skill (r=-.28, p=.001). Fatigue had a significant positive correlation with clinical practice stress (r=.39, p<.001). In addition, communication skill had a mediating effect in the relationship between fatigue and clinical practice stress. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that communication skill plays an important role in reducing clinical practice stress in nursing students. Therefore, in the field of nursing education, a program to improve the communication ability of nursing students should be developed and applied.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the ADL, IADL and cognitive function of low-income elderly who are receiving the visiting nurse service in the community. Method: Study participant were 2,413 community-dwelling elderly who live in S City. The data were collected from 5th Jan. to 28th Feb. 2006. The cross-sectional descriptive survey was done using a structured questionnaire through interviews by visiting nurses. Result: The average scores of ADL and IADL was respectively high, which indicates a relatively independent everyday life. However, the score of cognitive function was 21.87(normal range is over 23). There was a significantly positive correlation among ADL, IADL and cognitive function with the pearson correlation coefficients. Conclusion: It is concluded that elder subjects who are women, old aged, and live alone should be watched carefully for the cognitive impairment. In addition, the government should apply early detection and management system for cognitive impaired people who live in the community.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of and the relationship between stress and musculoskeletal symptoms among undergraduate students. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used for this cross-sectional survey that was conducted from June 16, 2014 to June 21, 2014. A total of 223 subjects (88 men, 135 women) participated in the study and completed a comprehensive self-administered questionnaire requesting information on demographics, medical history, lifestyle, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was also administered to the subjects. A total of 223 subjects from 12 universities completed the questionnaires; the data obtained was used for the final statistical analysis. Results: Women had a higher prevalence of stress and musculoskeletal symptoms. Adjusting for sex and age, subjects who were stressed had a 2.85-fold higher risk of musculoskeletal symptoms than subjects who were not stressed. Stratified analyses by sex also showed that women had a higher risk of musculoskeletal symptoms (Modified OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.38-6.45). Conclusions: We found a positive association between stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in undergraduate students; sex differences were present. Further dose-response relationship between stress and musculoskeletal symptoms will be identified by a longitudinal study with a larger sample size.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.16-19
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• 2012

The influence of current distribution on the transport current loss in vertically stacked high-$T_c$ superconductor (HTS) tapes was evaluated. AC loss was analyzed as a function of current distribution by introducing a current distribution parameter through a numerical method (finite element analysis). AC loss under non-uniform current distribution is always higher than that for a uniformly distributed transport current in a conductor. Although the effect of non-uniformity is relatively insignificant in low transport current, AC loss increases substantially in high transport current regions as non-uniformity is enlarged. The results verify that non-uniform current distribution causes extra loss by examining the cross-sectional view of current densities in stacked conductor.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.232-241
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to estimate the job stress and depression of female and male service workers and to determine the predictors influencing depression. Method: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected from hotel, wholesale, and insurance companies. A total of 244 workers were recruited. Among them, 118 were female workers. A self-administered questionnaire was consisted of personal characteristics, job stress, daily life stress, social support, and depression. Depression was measured using a CES-D Korean version. Result: The average job stress of female workers was higher than that of male workers (P<.05). The average depression scores of female workers were higher than those of male workers, but the difference was not statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis showed that role conflict and low social support were significant predictors of depression in female workers. In male workers, role conflict, low social support, and under-utilization of abilities were significant predictors of depression. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that depression of service workers may be prevented by creating a workplace environment that focuses on role conflict and social support. Also, health providers should consider the vulnerability of working women to job stress.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.603-611
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to analyze the research trends centering on the theses and articles related to reflexology released in Korea. Method: This study is a descriptive study in which the researcher collected the academic degrees and theses published on the book of the academic society from 1983 to August 2005, and examined 52 domestic dissertations and articles on reflexology. Results: By academic department, the result were: the nursing theses 25(48.1%), and public health and physical education each 4(7.7%). In the type of reflexology, the result were: single therapy like hand acupuncture or hand moxibustion 27(61.4%), combined therapy 17(38.6%). As for the research design, the experimental research was most frequent (84.6%). As for the subject, the result were: healthy people 31(59.6.%), patient 11(21.1%), medical staff 7(14.9%) in order. In the theme of the theses, the effect of therapy were most frequent(84.6%). Conclusion: Researches about reflexology should be conducted and extend into interdisciplinary fields and medical areas. On the basis of preceding results, qualitative studies and international and cross-sectional comparison studies are needed to apply in practice with scientific background.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.369-372
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• 2016

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia is an acquired clonal heterogeneous stem cell disorder. Hence, various parameters are sought out to categorize this disease into subtypes, so that as a consequence specific treatment modalities can be offered. Conventionally, the practically used method for classification utilizes French American British (FAB) criteria based on morphology and cytochemistry. The aim of present study was to determine the current spectrum of AML sub types in patients in Karachi. Materials and Methods: This single centre cross sectional study was conducted at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, extending from January 2010 to December 2014. Data were retrieved from archives were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 125 patients were diagnosed at our institution with de novo AML during five years period, 76 males and 49 females. Median age was 34.5 years. AML-M1 was the predominant FAB subtype (23.2%) followed by M2 (18.4%), M3 and M4 (16% each), M0 (14.4%), M5 (7.2%), M6 (3.2%) and M7 (1.6%). Conclusions: AML in Pakistani patients is seen in a relatively young population. The most common FAB subtype observed in our study was acute myeloblastic leukemia, without maturation (M1).