• Title/Summary/Keyword: cross sectional method

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Bayesian analysis of longitudinal traits in the Korea Association Resource (KARE) cohort

  • Chung, Wonil;Hwang, Hyunji;Park, Taesung
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.16.1-16.12
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    • 2022
  • Various methodologies for the genetic analysis of longitudinal data have been proposed and applied to data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with traits of interest and to detect SNP-time interactions. We recently proposed a grid-based Bayesian mixed model for longitudinal genetic data and showed that our Bayesian method increased the statistical power compared to the corresponding univariate method and well detected SNP-time interactions. In this paper, we further analyze longitudinal obesity-related traits such as body mass index, hip circumference, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio from Korea Association Resource data to evaluate the proposed Bayesian method. We first conducted GWAS analyses of cross-sectional traits and combined the results of GWAS analyses through a meta-analysis based on a trajectory model and a random-effects model. We then applied our Bayesian method to a subset of SNPs selected by meta-analysis to further discover SNPs associated with traits of interest and SNP-time interactions. The proposed Bayesian method identified several novel SNPs associated with longitudinal obesity-related traits, and almost 25% of the identified SNPs had significant p-values for SNP-time interactions.

Experimental Study on Tensile Test Method of Pipe with Jig (파이프의 지그 삽입 인장시험법에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • Park, Jin-Gun;Song, Hyun-Jung;Jin, Da-Jeong;Kim, Ji-Hoon;Cho, Hae-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.28-33
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    • 2022
  • A pipe is a hollow, long-form part that is primarily used to transport fluids, such as liquids or gases. Pipes are used in a range of applications in different fields from mechanical purposes to architecture and electrical uses. Despite the significance owing to various usability of pipes, few studies have been conducted using the physical property test method. The tensile test is widely used as a method to check the physical properties of the pipe. The existing pipe tension test contains the possibility to cause errors, which are fractures outside the gauge distance and cross-sectional deformation of the pipe. In this study, a novel pipe tension test method using a jig is presented and pipes with various materials are tested. It is expected that the proposed method can reduce errors that occur in conventional pipes and also obtain more accurate values to enable more efficient testing.

Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

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A Study on Simplified Analysis and Estimation Method for Evaluation of Structural Safety in Modular Underground Arch Structure (모듈러 지중아치 구조 안전성 검토를 위한 간략 해석 및 평가방법에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, Tae-Yun;Cho, Kwang-Il;Lee, Wong-Hong;Ahn, Jin-Hee
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 2022
  • A modular underground arch structure using steel and concrete has been proposed as a structure that has a simple construction process and can effectively resist cross-sectional forces generated during construction and use. Structural behavior of modular underground arch was evaluated about span length less than 15m through 3D structural analysis and test. In general, 2D and 3D structural analysis methods may be applied for structural analysis such as underground arch and tunnels. However, if a 2D or 3D structural analysis method is applied to evaluate the structural safety of a modular underground arch structure, it is difficult to model for structural analysis and it may take an excessively long time to interpret. Therefore, it may not be reasonable as a structural analysis method for considering the structural safety and earth pressure in the design process of a modular underground arch structure. In addition, when a modular underground arch structure is configured for span lengths to which the predetermined cross-section is applicable, it may be reasonable to evaluate only the safety of the structure and cross-section according to the cross-section and load conditions. Therefore, in this study, a structural analysis model using frame elements was proposed for efficient structural safety evaluation. In addition, structural analysis results of the 2D structural analysis model and the simplified analysis model using frame elements were compared, and the structural safety of the modular underground arch structure for a span length of 20m was evaluated with a simplified analysis method.

A Study on the Feasibility of the 3D Scanning Method of Body Measurement and Wearing Evaluation (3D Scanner를 이용한 인체계측방법 및 플레어스커트의 착의형태평가방법에 관한 연구)

  • 김혜경;석은영;서추연
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.895-906
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    • 2000
  • The study planned to testify the accuracy of the 3D scanner through analyzing the human body measurement method and the evaluation of flare skirt with 3D scanner. The results obtained from this study were as follows; First, the results of measurement for the dress form and human body by 3D scanner were more accurate than one or two dimensional measurement method. Second, from the results of the scan for the flare skirts as worn the human body, we could obtain very accurate horizontal section map. Third, in the clothing ergonomics viewpoint, the accuracy of the 3D scanner was very excellent and its utility was higher than that of the moir photography method. Therefore, the 3D scanner is very useful for the human body measurement and the wearing evaluation. In a nutshell, this study illustrates that we have to develop a program of automatic human body measurement system which will enhance the application of the 3D scanner.

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Shape Optimization of an Automotive Wheel Bearing Seal Using the Response Surface Method (반응표면법을 사용한 자동차용 휠 베어링 시일의 형상 최적화)

  • Moon, Hyung-Ll;Lm, Jong-Soon;Kim, Heon-Young
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.84-90
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    • 2010
  • This paper presents the shape optimization process for the automotive wheel bearing seal lip using the finite element method and the response surface method. First, to predict performance of the bearing seal lip, we used the non-linear finite element analysis. And then, we compared the analysis results with the test results to verify the finite element model. The objective function in optimizing process was obtained from results of the mud slurry test, which is one of many tests for evaluating performance of wheel bearing. After the mud slurry test for the four models which have the similar cross-sectional shape, we measured the wear area of the seal lip and the moisture content in grease. The objective function has been chosen by comparing the results of mud slurry test and characteristics of seal lip, such as contact force, contact area, contact pressure, and interference. Finally, within limited design parameters, we suggested the optimized shape of seal lip, which is expected to improve the wear and the sealing effect of it.

Measurement Method for Fine 6-DOF Displacement of Rigid Bodies (강체의 6자유도 미소 변위 측정)

  • Park, Won-Shik;Cho, Hyung-Suck
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.208-219
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    • 2002
  • A novel measurement method to obtain the 6-DOF motions of arbitrary rigid bodies is proposed in this paper. The method adopts a specially fabricated mirror called 3-facet mirror, which looks like a triangular pyramid haying an equilateral cross-sectional shape. The mirror is mounted on the objects to be measured, illuminated by a laser beam having circular profile, and reflects the laser beam in three different directions. Three PSDs(position sensitive detector) detect the three beams reflected by the mirror, respectively. From the signals of the PSDs, we can calculate the 3-dimensional position and orientation of the 3-facet mirror, and thus enabling us to determine the 3-dimensional position and orientation of the objects. In this paper, we model the relationship between the 3-dimensional position and orientation of an object in motion and the outputs of three PSDs. A series of experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed sensing system can be an effective means of obtaining 3-dimensional position and orientation of arbitrary objects and provide resonable measurement accuracy.

Analysis on motions characteristics of Floaters using two-dimensional Boundary Element Method (2차원 경계요소법을 이용한 부유체의 운동 특성 연구)

  • Baek, Mi-Seon;Seong, Yu-Chang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2013.06a
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    • pp.136-138
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    • 2013
  • Current, standards light buoys as maritime traffic safety facilities have 10 different types of buoys and the smallest size of those is 4.4m. Therefore, making for easy replacement and repair parts for the type of small light buoys is proposed. Meanwhile, position reliability of floaters by external forces in the environment fall and stability examination should be considered for prohibiting accidents as loss. In this paper, a new light buoy is analyzed on Encounter Frequency types using commercial program and fluid forces is simulated on cross-sectional shape of the float using two-dimensional Boundary Element Method(BEM).

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Experimental Evaluation of the Flexural Behavior of SY Permanent Steel Form for RC Beam and Girder (SY 비탈형 보 거푸집의 휨 거동에 대한 실험적 고찰)

  • Bae, Kyu-Woong;Boo, Yoon-Seob;Shin, Sang-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2022
  • Currently, in the domestic construction industry, the free web method has been emerging as a potential solution to the shortage of skilled workers due to the prolonged COVID-19 crisis, as it helps in securing economic feasibility through shortening the construction period and reducing labor costs. To consider one part of the construction method, in this study, the bending behavior according to the load was evaluated for the SY slope-type beam formwork, which was manufactured at a factory, assembled with rebar, brought into the site, and then poured into the site. For the SY Beam standard cross-sectional shape, a cross-sectional dimensional width of 400mm and depth 600mm determined through structural modeling using the MIDAS GEN program were applied. A total of 6 specimens were made with a member length of 5,000mm, 5 specimens and one RC specimen in the comparison group were manufactured in real-size format using the thickness of the steel plate(0.8, 1.0, 1.2mm) as a variable, and bending experiments were performed. In the bending test, the steel plate deck showed high initial stiffness and maximum strength as it yielded, which showed that it sufficiently contributed to the flexural strength. It is judged that additional analysis and experimental studies for 1.05, 1.1, and 1.15mm are needed to derive the appropriate steel plate thickness and the method for calculating the tensile force contribution of the steel plate to secure the manufacturing, construction and economic feasibility of SY Beam in the future.

Site-Investigation of Underground Complex Plant Construction by Seismic Survey and Electrical Resistivity (탄성파 및 전기비저항을 활용한 지하복합 플랜트 건설 후보지 탐사)

  • Kim, Namsun;Lee, Jong-Sub;Kim, Ki-Seog;Kim, Sang Yeob;Park, Junghee
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.38 no.10
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    • pp.49-60
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    • 2022
  • Underground urbanization appears to be a promising solution in response to the shortage of construction sites in the above-ground space. In this context, an accurate evaluation of a construction site ensures the long-term performance of geosystems. This study characterizes potential sites for complex plants built in underground space using geophysical methods (i.e., seismic refraction exploration and electrical resistivity survey) and in situ tests (i.e., standard penetration tests (SPTs) and downhole tests). SPTs are conducted in nine boreholes BH-1-BH-9 to estimate the groundwater level and vertical distribution of geological structures. The seismic refraction method enables us to obtain the elastic wave velocity and thickness of each soil layer for each cross-sectional area. An electrical resistivity survey conducted using the dipole array method provides the electrical resistivity profiles of the cross-sectional area. Data obtained using geophysical techniques are used to assess the classification of the soil layer and bedrock, particularly the fracture zone. This study suggests that geotechnical information using in situ tests and geophysical methods are useful references to design an underground complex plant construction.