• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2001

Thermal measurements were made for connective tissues of 5 different fish muscles by using a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), and connective tissues between muscle fibers and the cross sections of muscle fibers were observed by a light microscope. Red sea bream(cultured and wild) and flounder(cultured, cultured with obosan and wild) were used in this study. It was found that the connective tissues of cultured and frozen fish muscle required less endothermic enthalpy and the endothermic peak temperature was lower than those of wild and fresh ones when they were shrunken and denatured. Therefore, it is likely that the former are more unstable to heat than the latter. The cultured flounder fed with obosan and wild flounder which contained more collagen than cultured flounder and the wild red sea bream showed clear connective tissues between fibers. The cross-section of cultured fish muscle fiber was larger than that of wild one. From these results, collagen content and thermal properties of collagen, cross section of muscle fibers seemed to contribute to the textural difference between wild and cultured fish.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1454-1461
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• 2008

In oriental medicine, it is known that Eucommiae Cortex (EC) has strengthening and rehabilitative effects on the bone-muscle dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EC on the skeletal muscle atrophy. The muscle atrophy was induced by unilateral transection of the sciatic nerve in Sprague-Dawley rats. EC (water-extract, 170mg/100 g body weight) was treated once a day for 12 days. In this study, the effect of EC examined the muscle weight of hind limb, cross section areas of muscle fibers, fiber type compositions, apoptosis related factors (Bax and Bcl-2). EC reduced muscle atrophy in soleus (SOL), medial gastrocnemius (MGT), extensor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior significantly in the damaged hind limb. EC increased type-I muscle fibers and decreased type-II muscle fibers significantly in SOL of the damaged hind limb. EC enlarged cross section areas of type-I and type-II muscle fibers significantly in SOL. EC enlarged cross section areas of type-I and type-II muscle fibers significantly in. EC reduced apoptotic nuclei and atrophic muscle fibers in SOL and MGT. EC reduced Bax positive muscle nuclei in SOL and MGT. EC up-regulated Bcl-2 positive muscle fibers in SOL and MGT. These results suggest that EC has an anti-atrophic effect and anti-apoptotic effect against myonuclear apoptosis induced by the peripheral nerve damage.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1356-1362
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• 2005

The purpose of this study os to investigative the effect of Carrageenan-Induced Pain on lower limb muscle and ligament of rat. To evaluate pain mechanism in muscle and ligament, pain was induced by the injection of 2% $0.1m{\ell}$ carrageenan into the left lower limb muscle of rats after rats were anesthesized with 3% enflurane. Rats were killed on 72 hours after pain induction under the anesthesia. anterior rectus femoris muscle and its ligament were removed from rat hind limb. Morphological changes of them were peformed by the observation of light and electron microscopes. In the light microscopic findings, the muscle cells were polyheadral and situated with each other without small gap in control group. nucleus of cell was seen along the cell margin, and muscle cell groups were divided by regular narrow gap in cross section. In the pain-induced group, muscle cell groups were divided each other by the irregular gap, and some of groups formed larger than other cell groups by the fusion. Intercellular gap of most cell groups were increased compared with control groups. And also, perimysium of muscle cell groups was swollen in cross section. In control group, muscle cells contacted each other closely and each cell was divided by perimysium. The intracellular gaps were not seen between myofibrills, and also striations were well defined between muscle cells in longitudinal section. In pain-induced group, muscle cells were divided by the small intracellular gaps. And also, muscle cell showed many a short cross or longitudinal intercellular gaps in longitudinal section. In light microscopic findings of control group, tendon was composed with many tendon fibers contacted each other closely without gap. The free margin of tendon was fused, and apso the tendon fibers did not invaded between muscles. In pain-induced group, tendon was divided small groups by intertendinous gap, and also the margin of tendon divided by small groups. In the free margin, tendon invaded into muscle cells, and also fibroblasts between tendon fibers were long and lance-shaped. From these results, it is suggested that pain induction by carrageenan injured rat skeletal muscle and ligament by the morphological changes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effects of Puerariae Radix on the skeletal muscle atrophy, Muscle atrophy was induced by the sciatic nerve transection in Sprague-Dawley rats, then aqueous-extract of Puerariae Radix was administered for 12 days, Muscle wet weight was measured in soleus, plantaris, and medial gastrocnemius. Muscle fiber type was classified by MHCf immunohistochemistry. Muscle fiber type proportion and cross section area of muscle fiber also was observed in medial gastrocnemius. Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in medial gastrocnemius of the damaged hind limb were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The results are as follows; Puerariae Radix attenuated muscle atrophy in soleus of the sciatic nerve transectioned rats, but there was statistic significance. Puerariae Radix attenuated significantly atrophy in plantaris at 12 days and in medial gastrocnemius at 8 days and 12 days. Puerariae Radix improved histology of the atrophic changes and increased significantly cross section areas of type-I and type-II muscle fibers in medial gastrocnemius of the sciatic nerve transectioned rats. Puerariae Radix did not affect to muscle fiber type proportion in medial gastrocnemius of the sciatic nerve transectioned rats. Puerariae Radix attenuated significantly Bax positive nuclei but did not affect to Bcl-2 positive muscle fibers in medial gastrocnemius of the sciatic nerve transectioned rats.According to above results, Puerariae Radix may have an anti-atrophy effect on the denervated skeletal muscle through anti-apoptotic effects on muscle fibers.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Objectives Ethanol is a potent inhibitor of muscle protein synthesis. Muscle mass is regulated by the balance between rates of protein synthesis and protein breakdown. Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption inhibits synthesis to a greater extent than degradation. Protein synthesis is more intensely decreased in type II fibers than in type I fibers. Apoptosis has been shown to occur frequently in a variety of tissues in response to chronic alcohol feeding. Increased muscle fiber apoptosis has been shown in alcoholics with myopathy. Pueraria radix has been used for many disorders such as fevers, gastrointestinal disorders, muscle aches, allergies, respiratory problems, skin problems, high blood pressure, migraine headaches, lowering cholesterol and treating chronic alcoholism. We therefore tested the hypothesis that oral treatment with Pueraria radix could reduce the ethanol-induced muscle atrophy. Methods Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally given 25% ethanol (5 ml/kg, body weight) daily with Ethanol for 4 weeks. Normal group was similarly administrated with saline. The Rats of Pueraria radix treated group (EtOH+PR) were orally administrated Pueraria radix water extract, and rats of EtOH group were given with the vehicle only. After 4 week, the morphology of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The immunoreactivities of pre-apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins were also measured. Results The muscles from rats of EtOH group represented a significant reduction in average cross section area compared to Normal group. EtOH+PR group had increased fiber compared to the EtOH group. Moreover, to investigate the ethanol-induced muscular apoptosis, the immunohistochemical analysis of Bax and Bcl-2 was carried out. The treatment with Pueraria radix (EtOH+PR) significantly decreased BAX expression and increased Bcl-2 expression 4 weeks after ethanol administration when compared with Normal group. Conclusions These results suggest that Pueraria radix water extract has protective effects on chronic alcohol induced myopathy.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2016

Chronic alcoholic myopathy is one of the most common skeletal muscle disorders. It is characterized by a reduction in the entire skeletal musculature, skeletal muscle weakness, and difficulties in gait. Patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis have severe muscle loss that contributes to worsening outcome. Although the myopathy selectively affects Type II (fast twitch, glycolytic, anaerobic) skeletal muscle fibers, total skeletal musculature is reduced. The severity of the muscle atrophy is proportional to the duration and amount of alcohol consumed and leads to decreased muscle strength. The mechanisms for the myopathy are generally unknown but it is not due to overt nutritional deficiency, nor due to either neuropathy or severe liver disease. Skeletal muscle mass and protein content are maintained by a balance between protein synthesis and breakdown and in vivo animal models studies have shown that ethanol inhibits skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Daekumeumja is a traditional Korean medicine that is widely employed to treat various alcohol-induced diseases. Muscle diseases are often related to liver diseases and conditions. The main objective of this study was to assess that Daekumeumja extract could have protective effect against alcoholic myopathy in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. Rats were orally given 25% ethanol (5ml/kg, body weight) for 8 weeks. After 30 minutes, rats were administrated with Daekumeumja extract. Controls were similarly administrated with the vehicle alone. The weights of gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles were assessed and the morphologic changes of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles were also assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In results, The muscles from ethanol treated rats displayed a significant reduction in muscle weight and average cross section area compared to Normal group. Daekumeumja extract treated group showed increased muscle weight and muscle fiber compared to the ethanol treated group. It was concluded that Daekumeumja extract showed ameliorating effects on chronic alcohol myopathy in skeletal muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.937-942
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects on growth and muscle development during the growing period of the sex-linked dwarf gene in the background of a Taiwan Country chicken strain, L2, selected for egg production. Eight crossbred males, heterozygous for the DW*DW mutation, were each backcrossed to six females of the L2 strain to produce two genotypes of BC females, either normal (DW*N+/-) or dwarf (DW*DW/-). The experiment included 251 normal and 207 dwarf pullets. The effect of the dwarf gene on body weight and shank length was highly significant from 2 weeks of age. The reduction of body weight by the dwarf gene reached 34.8% and 37.4% as compared to normal sibs at 16 and 20 weeks of age, respectively. Parameters of the growth curve were estimated: the age at inflection (TI) was higher in normal pullets (66.9 days) than in dwarf pullets (61.2 days). A significant effect of the dwarf gene on single muscle fiber cross-section area was found from 12 weeks of age onwards, whereas the dwarf gene had no effect on the total number of muscle fibers. Comparing the effect of the dwarf gene on shank length at different ages revealed an earlier effect on skeleton growth, observed from 2 weeks of age, than on muscle development, which was affected from 8 to 12 weeks of age.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.586-590
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• 2009

철선충은 주로 사마귀와 같은 곤충에 기생하는 선충류로 사람이나 동물은 우연히 감염될 수 있는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 철선충의 생활사는 크게 곤충에 기생하는 기생생활기, 그리고 발육이 완료된 후에 숙주를 죽이고 외계로 나와 자유생활을 하는 자유생활기로 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구는 개의 구토물에서 오디흑연가시 수컷을 발견하여 이의 횡단면을 주사 및 투과 전자현미경으로 관찰한 것이다. 전자현미경하에서 표피는 4층(epicuticle, cuticle, epidermis, muscle)으로 이루어졌고, 내강에는 장, 배신경절이 발견되었다. 그러나 고환은 발견되지 않았다. 표피의 최상층에서 여러 형태의 areoles이 관찰되었으며, cuticle은 17열의 섬유로 이루어져 있었다. Epidermis는 1열로 구성되어 있었으며, muscle층은 여러 개의 근세포가 종으로 일정하게 배열되어 있었다. 그리고 내강에 배신경절이 충체의 정중앙 배측에서만 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과로 본 철선충은 기생생활기를 끝내지 못한 미성숙충으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1968

"굴비" 제조과정중 근섬유의 변화와 지방의 분포 및 이동상태를 조직학적으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 생조기는 진피 밑에 피하지방층이 있으며, 혈합육이 지방조직으로 둘러 쌓여 있는 곳이 많다. 대부분의 지방질은 피하지방층에 축적되어 있고, 백색육에는 거의 지방이 분포하지 않았다. 또한 혈합육과 백색육간에 결체조직으로 경계가 이루어지지 않아, 어떤 부위에는 혈합육과 백색육의 경계가 뚜렷하지 않은것 등이 특징이었다. "굴비" 제조과정중 염장공정중에는 피하지방의 일부가 결체조직이나 근섬유간을 통로로하여 침투되어 들어간다. 그러나 건조공노중 침투된 지방은 결체조직을 따라 이동하여 복공을 통하여 외부로 유출한다고 볼 수 있다. 그러므로 "굴비"의 심부백색육에는 거이 지방이 분포하지 않았다 . BHA 처리 "굴비"는 지방의 이동속도가 늦어, 내부에 침투된 지방이 상당양 그대로 잔존하였다. 그리고 "굴비"의 근육조직은 각섬유가 씨로 밀착하여 경계가 뚜렷하지 않는 것을 관찰 할 수 있다. 또한 "굴비" 제품중에는 상당량 지방이 주로 피하지방층에 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 끝으로 본실험에 있어, 조개표본을 제작하는데 편의를 보아주신 부대학교 의과대학 해부학교실 박 해춘하 재청 양교수 그리고 현징경 사진촬영을 도와 주신 국립수산진흥원 김 성준 연구관, 김 복원 연구교사 몇 많은 조언을 주신 부산수산대학 김장양 교수, 신필현 교수에게 심심한 사의를 표한다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2016

은대구의 소화관 상대길이 비는 1.52 (n=12)이며, 소화관은 위의 후방부에 5~6개의 유문수를 가진다. 점막주름의 형태는 식도와 위에서는 미분지형이지만 장에서는 분지형이다. 횡단면에서 소화관은 조직학적으로 점막층, 점막하층, 근육층 및 장막으로 구분할 수 있다. 식도의 점막상피층은 단층이며, 원주섬모상피세포들과 점액세포들로 구성된다. 위 점막층의 위선은 관상선으로 주세포, 벽세포 및 뮤신분비세포들로 구성된다. 뮤신분비세포는 원주형으로 AB-PAS (pH 2.5) 반응에서 분홍색과 푸른색을 나타내는 분비과립을 가진다. 장의 점막상피층은 단층이며, 원주섬모상피세포들과 배상세포들로 구성된다. 점막하층은 소성결합조직층으로 주로 교원섬유들로 구성되며, 식도에서 잘 발달되어 있다. 소화관의 근육층은 종주근층과 환상근층으로 구분되며, 위에서 잘 발달되어 있다. 간은 다수의 소엽구조와 담관들로 이루어져 있으며, H-E 염색에서 간세포의 세포질은 호산성이며, 핵과 인은 호염기성을 보였다. 췌장조직은 소화관 주변의 지방조직에 산재하며, 다수의 외분비세포들로 구성된 포상선이었다. H-E 염색에서 외분비선세포의 세포질은 호염기성을 나타내며, 다수의 호산성 전효소 과립들을 함유한다.