• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.242-250
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• 2016

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) has been used to treat animal disease and to increase animal weight as growth promoter. However, abused usage of VAs can cause production of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment and additionally, residual of VAs in soil can be transferred into crops. Therefore, main objective of this research was to examine bioaccumulation of VAs in sprouts (red cabbage, Brassica Olearacea L. var. Capitata f. rubra and red radish, Raphanus sativus) with hydroponic method. Total of 7 VAs in 2 different classes of VAs (tetracyclcines: tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethiazole, macrolides: tylosin) were evaluated and experiment was conducted with solid phase extraction (SPE)/high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). Initial spiked concentration of 7 VAs was $5mg\;L^{-1}$ and cultivation period was 8 days. Result showed that growth of sprouts was inhibited about 23-27% when VAs was introduced. Amount of bioaccumulated VAs was also differed depending on class of VAs. The highest amount of bioaccmulated VAs was tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole in each class with a concentration of 4.05, $7.73mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively. Calculated transfer ratio of VAs into crops was also ranged 0.38-54.27%. Overall, bioaccumulation of VAs in crops can be varied depending on crop species and class of VAs. However, further research should be conducted to verify bioaccumulation of VAs in crops in the soil environment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2005

This experiment on intercropping system of Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ, using safflower, young radish, sesame, and periller as intercrops, had been carried out to increase the productivity of natural resources to the fullest and to use farm land most efficiently for 3 years from 2001 to 2003. Every intercrop could be grown up without any harmful effect on the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ. There was little difference in bulb yield plant of Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ. per among intercropping systems, but there was more bulb yield per the unit area in single cropping than in intercropping system. The income of cropping system containing Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ. was higher $45\%$ and $35\%$ in Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ.+young radish and Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ.+safflower+perilla than in Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ. mono-crop system respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.114-118
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• 2005

The experiment was conducted to establish the blanching culture of chicon expected to become exporting crop, for preventing Korea fiom importing the ffreign chicon and increasing the growers' profits, the days of blanching culture are based on the 5 treatments such as 10 days, 15 days ,20 days, 25 days, and 30 days. In the blanching culture days of chicory, the growth was good as blanching culture days were longer, there were too many outer leaves, and the ratio of bolting was $16\%$ on the 25 days, $30\%$ on the 30days. On the 10th day, the weight of chicon was light, the hardness was low, the density was low. The quality of chicon had no differences among the treatments. Therefore, the optimal condition for blanching culture of chicory is that the days of blanching culture is 20 days.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2004

Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus) is potential alternative medicinal and sugar crop which accumulates a high amount of linear polyfructan, inulin in its roots. A problem in root production is that over-wintered stock plants often flower. Once the plant becomes reproductive, stem elongation and root growth slows and floral buds arise from every node, rendering the plants useless for propagation. The objectives of this research was to examine the effectiveness of manipulating environmental factors containing photoperiod, temperature and number of leaf states. The experiment was performed in growth chamber to create two photoperiods (8 h, and 16 h) with three temperature regimes (5$^{\circ}C$/3$^{\circ}C$, 1$0^{\circ}C$/8$^{\circ}C$ and 15$^{\circ}C$/13$^{\circ}C$ day/night temperature) for a total of six treatments on three type of true-leaf stage of plant. Data of bolting rate, shoot and root length, shoot and fresh weight was invetigated in each treatments. This is the first report on changes in bolting rate and shoots and roots production during a whole growing season and differences in the effect of cold and photoperiod treatment depending on the true-leaf stage of plant.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.839-845
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• 2018

As a solution to the rural shortage of labor, mechanization crop production is necessary, but in some cases, the mechanization can cause problems such as a decrease in products due to the expansion of the necessary moderate workspace. The purpose of this study was to compare the yields of pepper by the planting-density for the mechanization of pepper cultivation. Experiments were done with three planting-density levels of $900{\times}300mm^2$(A-T), $1200{\times}450mm^2$(B-T), and $1500{\times}600mm^2$(C-T). In the analysis of growth, the highest values in plant height and thickness and the number of branches were observed with the B-T. C-T showed the highest values in the number of green-pepper and red-pepper and weight of the green-pepper and red-pepper, followed by B-T and A-T. In the analysis of growth, it was concluded that the proportion of the pepper body to the total length increased as the planting-density decreased. C-T had the biggest maximum diameter of the body, followed by B-T and A-T. On the other hand, A-T had the biggest minimum diameter of the body, followed by B-T and C-T. It was judged that the larger the planting-density was, the shorter the length was and the thicker the form was. As a result of measuring the chromaticity, there was no significant statistical difference in quality. Based on the experiment results, the ranking in total yields was in the order of C-T, B-T, and A-T. The reduced planting-density seemed to increase the productivity, while the labor intensity and time were reduced due to the improvement of the working environment.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.182-193
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• 2022

Turfgrass, the most widely grown ornamental crop, is severely affected by fungal pathogens including Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, Rhizoctonia solani, and Magnaporthe poae. At present, turfgrass fungal disease management predominantly relies on synthetic fungicide treatments. However, the extensive application of fungicides to the soil increases residual detection frequency, raising concerns for the environment and human health. The bacterial volatile compound, 2,3-butanediol (BDO), was found to induce plant resistance. In this study, we evaluated the disease control efficacy of a combination of stereoisomers of 2,3-BDO and commercial fungicides against turfgrass fungal diseases in both growth room and fields. In the growth room experiment, the combination of 0.9% 2R,3R-BDO (levo) soluble liquid (SL) formulation and 9% 2R,3S-BDO (meso) SL with half concentration of fungicides significantly increased the disease control efficacy against dollar spot and summer patch disease when compared to the half concentration of fungicide alone. In field experiments, the disease control efficiency of levo 0.9% and meso 9% SL, in combination with a fungicide, was confirmed against dollar spot and large patch disease. Additionally, the induction of defense-related genes involved in the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species detoxification-related genes under Clarireedia sp. infection was confirmed with levo 0.9% and meso 9% SL treatment in creeping bentgrass. Our findings suggest that 2,3-BDO isomer formulations can be combined with chemical fungicides as a new integrated tool to control Clarireedia sp. infection in turfgrass, thereby reducing the use of chemical fungicides.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.156-164
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• 1995

The study was carried out to elucidate the influenced of shading and mulching with polyethylen vinyl on growth and yield of Cinidium officinale Makino, and improve the cultivation method of those medicinal plants in northern area of Gyeong-buk province, Korea. Top fresh weight of Cinidium officinale Makino was increased by both 35 % and 55% shading compared to the non-shadingand decreased by 75 % shading, but that of Ligusticum chuanxing Hart. Was decreased by the shading tested The summer wilt of Cinidium officinale Makino severely occurred in non-shading but greatly reduced by 55 % or 75 %shading, while no difference was observed in Ligusticum chuanxing Hort, between the shading and the non-shading. Dry root yield Cinidium officinale Makino was increased by 17 % and 19 % in 35 % and 55 % shading levels, respectively, compared to the dry root yield(254kg/10a) in non-shading. However, it was decreased in Ligusticum chuaxing Hort. by the shading. Emergence ratio of Cinidium officinale Makino was increased by black polyethylen vinyl mulch but decreased by transparent polyethylen vinyl mulch, compard to non-mulch. Polyethylen vinyl mulch increa­sed the top fresh weight of Cinidium officinale Makino Especialy black polythylen vinyl mulch was very effective on increasing the top fresh weight. Dry root yield of Cinidium officinale Makino was increased by 32 % and 30 %, respectively, compared to the non-shading.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.240-240
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• 2017

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is one of the ancient crops cultivated in the Andes region at an altitude of 3,500-4000m in Chile and Bolivia from 5000 BC. It contains a large amount of protein, minerals and vitamins in comparison with other crops. The cultivation area has been increasing worldwide because of its excellent resistance to various abiotic stress such as salinity, drought and low temperature. ${\gamma}$-Ray radiation of high dose is often used as a tool to induce mutations in plant breeding, but it has a deleterious effect on organisms. However, the radiation may have a positive stimulatory effect of 'hormesis' in the low dose range. This experiment was carried out to investigate the optimum dose range for creating the quinoa genetic resources and to investigate the hormesis effect at low dose on the quinoa. This experiment was performed for 120 days from November, 2016 to February, 2017 in the greenhouse of Gyeongsang National University. ${\gamma}$-Ray radiation was irradiated to seeds at 0 Gy, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 600 Gy, 800 Gy and 1000 Gy for 8 hours. (50 Gy) using the low level radiation facility ($Co^{60}$) of Cooperative Research Institute of Radiation Research Institute, KAERI. Fifty seeds were placed on each petri dish lined with wet filter paper and germination rate was measured at a time interval of 2 hours for 40 hrs. The length of the root length was measured one week after germination. Each treatment was carried out in 3 replicates. The growth of seedlings were investigated for 10 days after transplanting of 30 day-old seedlings. The plant height, NDVI, SPAD, Fv/Fm, and panicle weight were measured. The germination rate was highest at 50Gy and 0Gy and the rate of seeds treated with 400Gy or higher rate decreased to 25% of the seeds treated with 50Gy. The emergence rate of seedling in pot experiment was higher at the dose of 200 Gy, 300 Gy and 400 Gy than at 0 and 50Gy. However, the rate was lower at strong radiation higher than 600Gy at which $1^{st}$ leaf was not expanded fully and dead due to extreme overgrowth at 44 days after treatment (DAT). The highest value of panicle weight was observed at 50Gy (6.15g) and 100Gy (5.57g). On the other hand, the weight at high irradiated dose of 300Gy and 400Gy was decreased by about 55% compared to low dose (50 Gy). NDVI measurement also showed the highest value at 50 Gy as the growth progressed. SPAD was the highest at 400 Gy and showed positive correlation with irradiation dose except 0 Gy. Fv/Fm was high at 50 Gy up to 30 DAT and no difference between treatments was observed except for 400 Gy from 44 DAT. The plant height was the highest in 50Gy during the growing period and was higher in the order of 50Dy, 100Gy, 0Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy and 400Gy in 88 DAT. In this experiment, the optimal radiation dose for hormesis was 50Gy and 100Gy, and the optimal radiation dose for mutagenesis seems to be 400 Gy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2012

Leguminous cover crops fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. The objective of this research was carried out to decrease fertilizer amount by cover crops-wheat mixtures cultivation. Field experiment was conducted at upland soil 2008 to 2009. Cover crops were used crimson clover and hairy vetch. Treatments consisted of three wheat-crimson clover (wheat 10 kg + crimson clover 1, 3, $5kg\;10a^{-1}$), wheat-hairy vetch mixture (wheat 10 kg + hairy vetch $2kg\;10a^{-1}$), and wheat - hairy vetch mixture - crimson clover (wheat 10 kg + hairy vetch 2 kg + crimson clover $3kg\;10a^{-1}$). These treatments were divided into no fertilizer and top dressing. The yield of wheat and crimson clover mixtures had no significantly differences compared to wheat only at top dressing plots. Also soil chemical and physical properties were a little bit improved such as OM, $NO_3$-N, and bulk density etc by wheat-crimson clover mixtures. Therefore, we suggested that crimson clover and wheat mixture could be used to reduction of fertilizers amount for environmental friendly wheat production.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Liquid pig manure(LPM) is a useful resource if it is sufficiently fermented and utilized in the agriculture; it provides nutrients to soils, circulates organic materials and replaces chemical fertilizers(CF) with reasonable costs. Currently, there are not many trials in paddy field to continuously cultivate the crops in winter and summer season using LPM. METHODS AND RESULTS: When cultivating winter forage crops (Whole-crop-barley(WCB), Rye, Triticale, Italian ryegrass(IRG)) and summer feed corns in the rice field, CF was treated with $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$(winter forage crops: 120-100-100kg/ha, summer feed corn: 200-150-150 kg/ha), and subsequently, growth, yields, feed values and chemical properties of soil were investigated. LPM-applied areas in both winter and summer forage crops showed higher plant lengths and tillers than those of CF-applied areas, but the yield in CF-applied areas was higher than that of LPM-applied areas under continuous application of 2 years. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and total digestion nutrient(TDN) in feed values showed almost similar results between LPM and CF-applied areas. EC, organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable cations of soils after the experiment increased in LPM applied areas, and especially, the contents of available phosphate and exchangeable sodium were high. CONCLUSION(S): Considering the above results, it was concluded that if LPM are properly utilized for continuous winter and summer cultivation of feed crops at paddy field, the cultivation costs could be decreased and be helpful to the stable production of domestic feeds.