• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.460-467
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• 2015

Background : The aim of the present study was to identify an effective physicochemical control method to reduce Fusarium species infestation in adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) before and after harvesting. Methods and Results : We observed that prochloraz emusifiable concentrate and hexaconazol prochloraz emusifiable concentrate strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of 10 Fusarium species. Strong growth inhibitions and cell lysis were observed following treatment with 4% NaOCl solution. The total number of fungi detected were lower follwing treatment with thiophanatemethyl triflumizole wettable powder ($1.1{\times}10^4CFU/g$), hexaconazol prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate ($1.2{\times}10^4CFU/g$), carboxin thiram dustable powder ($1.6{\times}10^4CFU/g$) and prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate ($1.7{\times}10^4CFU/g$) than in the non-treated control ($7.7{\times}10^4CFU/g$). The reduction of Fusarium fungi varies with the concentration and soaking time of NaOCl solution. Fungal detection was not observed after soaking in NaOCl solution for 24 h and harmful effects were not observed for plant growth by NaOCl after soacking for 6 - 12 h. Conclusion : Soaking seed for 6 - 12 h in 4% NaOCl could be an effective method of disinfectant treatment for the control of Fusarium fungi in adlay seeds.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.401-407
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• 2018

Background: In Korea, seeds of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer need to be stored under cold temperature and high humidity condition for months to break physiological dormancy, making storage difficult until spring-sowing. This study was conducted to test the effects of seed storage conditions and seed treatment on the emergence of seedling after spring-sowing in a nursery greenhouse. Methods and Results: After dehiscence, endocarp dried seeds in mild or completely, and wet seeds were stored in $2^{\circ}C$ and $-3.5^{\circ}C$ during winter. Storage at $-3.5^{\circ}C$ resulted in a lower emergence rate (ER) than that at $2^{\circ}C$, and additional cold ($2^{\circ}C$) treatment before or after storage at $-3.5^{\circ}C$ increased the ER. Endocarp dehydration prevented pre-germination at $2^{\circ}C$ storage and increased the ER of seeds stored at $-3.5^{\circ}C$. ER was also dependent on the batch of seeds. However, seed treatments before sowing had only limited effects on ER. Root loss was the main reason for damping-off; prolonged cold storage of seeds increased damping-off, as the detection of pathogens was not high. Conclusions: This study showed that storage conditions such as temperature and moisture content of seeds, affect the ER after spring-sowing and vitality of seedlings, suggesting further attention on seed control for secure seedling stands after spring-sowing.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2008

The detection, characterization and use of quantitative traits loci, QTL, have significant potential to improve the efficiency of selective breeding of species. Therefore, a population with 59 advanced backcross lines($BC_2F_5$), derived from a cross between IR64 and Tarome molaei, were studied in Tonekabon Rice Research Station of Iran in order to map QTLs for panicle length, number of grain per panicle, and panicle grain sterility in rice. The parental screening wtih 235 SSR markers in agarose and polyacrylamide gels revealed 114 markers with clear polymorphic bands. To search for QTLs associated with panicle length, number of grain per panicle, and panicle grain sterility, we constructed a genetic linkage map using 114 microsatellite markers. Positive and negative transgressive segregations were observed in $BC_2F_5$ lines for all traits. Using multiple interval mapping(MIM), a total of 20 putative QTLs were detected, of which eight were for panicle length, three for number of grains, and nine for panicle grain sterility. The maximum number of QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 1 and 2 with eight QTLs. These QTL markers could possible be utilized for marker-assisted selection.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2012

Citrus bacterial canker is an economically important disease affecting citrus production in many citrusgrowing areas and several pathotypes have been recognized within the Xanthomonas pathogens causing canker. In view of the containment of the disease, accurate identification of the causal bacterium is important. In this study, triplex PCR method was developed by using the previously reported primers. Two groups of primer combination, such as, one group including primers 2/3, J-pth1/J-pth2 and XACF/XACR, and another group 2/3, J-pth1/J-pth2 and Xac01/Xac02, were suitable for the detection and differentiation of X. a. pv. citri $A^w$, X. a. pv. aurantifolii B and C, and X. a. pv. citrumelo E strains. Moreover, the primer combination of Xac01 and J-pth2 promised us to use as a specific primer set to detect X. a. pv. citrumelo E strain. The PCR methods developed in this study could be used for the rapid differentiation of Xanthomonas pathotypes of citrus.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.1051-1065
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• 2021

Recent times have seen sustained increases in genetically modified (GM) crops not only for cultivation but also for the utility of food and feed worldwide. Domestically, commercial planting and the accidental or unintentional release of living modified (LM) crops into the environment are not approved. Many detection methods had been devised in an effort to realize effective management of the safety of agricultural genetic resources. In order to develop event-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers for LM crops, we analyzed the genetic information of LM crops. Genetic components introduced into crops are of key importance to provide a basis for the development of detection methods for LM crops. To this end, a total of 18 varieties from four major LM crop species (maize, canola, cotton, and soybeans) were subjected to an analysis. The genetic components included introduced genes, promoters, terminators and selection markers. Thus, if proper monitoring techniques and single or multiplex PCR strategies that rely on selection markers can be established, such an accomplishment can be regarded as a feasible solution for the safe management of staple crop resources.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.170-178
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• 2020

Most strawberry viruses exist relatively low titers in tissues, and strawberry tissues include high levels of contamination by polysaccharides and phenolic compounds. These traits make the efficiency of strawberry diagnosis difficult. In this study, we tested different commercially available kits and reagents to secure optimal RNA extraction methods to determine virus detection from strawberry leaves. Total RNA was isolated from leaves of strawberry mottle virus (SMoV)-infected strawberry cultivar 'Mihong'. The efficiency of total RNA for virus diagnosis was confirmed through SMoV detection by one-step or two-step reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Among those, the RNeasy plant RNA kit was best to isolate RNA and the isolated RNA was good enough for further applications. To ensure a reliable detection for strawberry viruses, synthetic diagnosis clones for major seven strawberry viruses such as strawberry mild yellow edge virus, SMoV, strawberry latent ring spot virus, strawberry crinkle virus, strawberry pallidosis associated virus, strawberry vein banding virus and strawberry necrotic spot virus have been constructed. Based on the synthetic genes in each clone, primer sets for seven strawberry viruses were designed and tested an RT-PCR condition through a simultaneous application of the same annealing temperature that allowed to achieve an efficient and convenient diagnosis.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2021

The aim of the present study was to develop a sensitive and specific detection method for the rapid detection of apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) in apple leaves. The resulting reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay can be completed in 10 min at 42℃, is 10 times more sensitive than conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and can specifically amplify ASSVd without any cross-reactivity with other common apple viruses, including apple stem grooving virus, apple stem pitting virus, and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus. The reliability of the RT-RPA assay was assessed, and the findings suggested that it can be successfully utilized to detect ASSVd in field-collected samples. The RT-RPA assay developed in the present study provides a potentially valuable means for improving the detection of ASSVd in viroid-free certification programs, especially in resource-limited conditions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.417-421
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• 2016

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Panax ginseng breeding line 'G07006', showing higher salt tolerance, was confirmed by de novo assembly using whole genome next-generation sequences. The complete chloroplast (CP) genome size is 156,356 bp, including two inverted repeats (IRs) of 52,060 bp, separated by the large single-copy (LSC 86,174 bp) and the small single-copy (SSC 18,122 bp) regions. One hundred fourteen genes were annotated, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Among them, 18 sites were duplicated in the inverted repeat regions. By comparative analyses of the previously identified CP genome sequences of nine cultivars of P. ginseng and that of G07006, five useful SNPs were defined in this study. Since three of the five SNPs were cultivar-specific to Chunpoong and Sunhyang, they could be easily used for distinguishing from other ginseng accessions. However, on arranging SNPs according to their gene location, the G07006 genotype was 'GTGGA', which was distinct from other accessions. This complete chloroplast DNA sequence could be conducive to discrimination of the line G07006 (salt-tolerant) and further enhancement of the genetic improvement program for this important medicinal plant.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2021

Blackleg is a serious disease in Brassica plants, causing moderate to severe yield losses in rapeseed worldwide. Although China has not suffered from this disease yet (more aggressive Leptosphaeria maculans is not present yet), it is crucial to take provisions in breeding for disease resistance to have excellent blackleg-resistant cultivars already in the fields or in the breeding pipeline. The most efficient strategy for controlling this disease is breeding plants with identified resistance genes. We selected 135 rapeseed accessions in Sichuan, including 30 parental materials and 105 hybrids, and we determined their glucosinolate and erucic acid content and confirmed 17 double-low materials. A recently developed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker, SNP_208, was used to genotype allelic Rlm1/rlm1 on chromosome A07, and 87 AvrLm1-resistant materials. Combined with the above-mentioned seed quality data, we identified 11 AvrLm1-resistant double-low rapeseed accessions, including nine parental materials and two hybrids. This study lays the foundation of specific R gene-oriented breeding, in the case that the aggressive Leptosphaeria maculans invades and establishes in China in the future and a robust and less labor consuming method to identify resistance in canola germplasm.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Early detection and classification of crop diseases play significant role to help farmers to reduce disease spread and to increase agricultural productivity. Recently, many researchers have used deep learning techniques like convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier for crop disease inspection with dataset of crop leaf images (e.g., PlantVillage dataset). These researches present over 90% of classification accuracy for crop diseases, but they have ability to detect only the pre-trained diseases. This paper proposes an efficient disease inspection CNN model for new crops not used in the pre-trained model. First, we present a benchmark crop disease classifier (CDC) for the crops in PlantVillage dataset using VGG16. Then we build a modified crop disease classifier (mCDC) to inspect diseases for untrained crops. The performance evaluation results show that the proposed model outperforms the benchmark classifier.