• 한국농공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1986

The differential equation, which can determine the dynamic critical loads for low parabcoic arches, is derived in this study. The dynamic critical loads of the parabolic arches subjected to a concentrated step load are nummerically analyzed for the changes of load positions. In cases of arches with different end conditions (both hinged, fixed hinged, both fixed), the effect of end conditions and that of the rises are investigated in detail. The summary of the results are the following: 1)The snapthrough does not occur when the rise of arch is very low, and the bifurcation appears clearly as the rise of arch increases. 2)The regions in which the dynamic critical loads are not defined for the both ends fixed are broader than that for the both ends hinged. 3)For all case, the load positions of minimum dynamic critical loads exsit at the near position from the end hinged. Thus, the results obtained in present study show that the magnitude of dynamic critical loads, the load positions of minimum dynamic critical loads and the regions in which the dynamic critical loads are not defined depend on end conditions of arches.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.27-34
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• 2000

The elastic critical loads of prismatic compression members can be easily determined by the conventional analytic method. In the cases of sinusoidally tapered members, however, the determination of elastic critical loads become impossible when one relies on the analytic method. In this paper, the critical loads of sinusoidally tapered members were determined by finite element method. Generally the output or results of numerical analysis are valid only when the governing parameters of a given system(or problem) have particular values. To make the practical applications easy, the critical loads determined by finite element method are expressed by some algebraic equations. The constants contained in the algebraic equations were determined by regression technique. The elastic critical loads estimated by the proposed algebraic equations coincide well with those by finite element method.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2007

본 연구는 줄눈콘크리트포장에 환경 하중과 차량하중이 작용할 때 콘크리트 슬래브의 상하부에 발생하는 최대 인장응력의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 유한요소법을 이용한 줄눈콘크리트포장의 수치해석모형을 개발하여 우선 포장이 환경 하중 또는 차량하중 만을 받을 때의 응력 특성을 분석하였다. 그 후 환경 하중과 차량하중을 동시에 받을 때 슬래브 상하부의 응력 특성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 차량하중에 의한 슬래브 하부의 최대 인장응력은 하중이 어느 정도 줄눈부에서 멀어지면 위치에 관계없이 거의 같아지게 되는 젓을 알 수 있었다. 환경 하중에 의해 슬래브가 컬다운 되었을 때는 차량하중이 슬래브의 중앙에 작용할 때 슬래브 하부에 최대인장응력이 발생하며 슬래브가 컬업 되었을 때는 차량하중이 줄눈부에 작용할 때 슬래브의 상부에 최대인장응력이 발생한다. 슬래브 하부 최대인장응력은 컬다운 상태에서는 하부층 일반 스프링을 사용한 모델을 이용하여 환경 하중과 차량하중에 의한 각각의 최대응력을 더하여 구할 수 있으며, 컬업 상태에서는 차량 하중에 의한 최대 응력에서 온도 하중에 의한 최대 응력을 감하여 구할 수 있다. 반면에 슬래브 상부 최대인장응력은 컬업 상태에서 하부층 무인장 스프링을 이용한 모델을 사용하여 환경하중에 대한 최대응력과 차량하중이 줄눈부에 작용할 때 슬래브 중앙부의 최대응력을 더하여 구할 수 있으나 하부층을 일반 스프링으로 모델링하여 환경 하중에 대한 최대응력 만을 구하여 사용하는 실용적인 방법도 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2000

Critical loads and load-carrying capacities for steel scaffolds used as shoring systems were compared using computational and experimental methods in Part I of this paper. In that paper, a simple 2-D model was established for use in evaluating the structural behavior of scaffold-shoring systems. This 2-D model was derived using an incremental finite element analysis (FEA) of a typical complete scaffold-shoring system. Although the simplified model is only two-dimensional, it predicts the critical loads and failure modes of the complete system. The objective of this paper is to present a closed-form solution to the 2-D model. To simplify the analysis, a simpler model was first established to replace the 2-D model. Then, a closed-form solution for the critical loads and failure modes based on this simplified model were derived using a bifurcation (eigenvalue) approach to the elastic-buckling problem. In this closed-form equation, the critical loads are shown to be function of the number of stories, material properties, and section properties of the scaffolds. The critical loads and failure modes obtained from the analytical (closed-form) solution were compared with the results from the 2-D model. The comparisons show that the critical loads from the analytical solution (simplified model) closely match the results from the more complex model, and that the predicted failure modes are nearly identical.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.167-186
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• 2004

The design load-carrying capacities of wooden shores depend on factors, such as the wood species and properties, and construction methods. This paper focuses on the construction methods, including an upright single shore, group of upright shores, group of inclined shores, butt connections and lap connections. This paper reports experiments to obtain critical loads and then developed an empirical equation based on Euler' formula for the critical loads and design load-carrying capacities. The test results show that the critical loads for an upright single wooden shore are greater than the average values for a group of upright shores, and the latter are greater than the average values for a group of inclined shores. Test results also show that the critical loads become smaller when butt or lap connections are used, butt connections possessing greater critical loads than lap connections. Groups of inclined shores are very popular at work sites because they have some practical advantages even though they actually possess inferior critical loads. This paper presents an improved setup for constructing groups of inclined shores. With this method, the inclined shores have larger critical loads than upright shores. The design load-carrying capacities were obtained by multiplying the average critical loads by a resistance factor (or strength reduction factor, ${\phi}$) that were all smaller than 1. This article preliminarily suggests ${\phi}$ factors based on the test results for the reference of engineers or specification committees.

• 소음진동
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1992

The main purpose of this paper is to present both the natural frequencies and the first critical loads of tapered columns. The ordinary differential equation governing the free vibration for tapered columns under compressive axial force is derived. Three kinds of cross sectional shape are considered in the governing equation. The Runge-Kutta method and determinant search method are used to perform the integration of the differential equation and to determine the natural frequencies, respectively. Additionally, the bisection method is used to determine the critical loads. In numerical examples, the effects of compressive axial force on the natural frequencies of tapered columns are investigated varying the end conditions. The first critical loads of tapered columns are determined on the basis of dynamic concepts. The first critical loads of tapered columns are determined on the basis of dynamic concept. The effects of cross sectional shapes are shown and some typical mode shapes are also presented.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2007

This paper presents critical buckling loads of laminated composites under cylindrical bending. In-plane displacements are assumed to vary exponentially through plate thickness. The accuracy of this theory is examined for symmetric/antisymmetric cross-ply, angle-ply and unsymmetric laminates under cylindrical bending. Analytical solutions are provided to investigate the effect of transverse shear deformation on critical buckling loads of the laminated plates, and the results are compared with those obtained from the first-order shear deformation plate theory and the classical laminated plate theory.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

This paper discusses the elastic stability of unbraced frames under non-proportional loading based on the concept of storey-based buckling. Unlike the case of proportional loading, in which the load pattern is predefined, load patterns for non-proportional loading are unknown, and there may be various load patterns that will correspond to different critical buckling loads of the frame. The problem of determining elastic critical loads of unbraced frames under non-proportional loading is expressed as the minimization and maximization problem with subject to stability constraints and is solved by a linear programming method. The minimum and maximum loads represent the lower and upper bounds of critical loads for unbraced frames and provide realistic estimation of stability capacities of the frame under extreme load cases. The proposed approach of evaluating the stability of unbraced frames under non-proportional loading has taken into account the variability of magnitudes and patterns of loads, therefore, it is recommended for the design practice.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2000

This paper proposes a simple numerical model for use in a finite analysis (FEA) of scaffold-shoring systems. The structural model consists of a single set of multiple-story scaffolds with constraints in the out-of-plane direction at every connection joint between stories. Although this model has only two dimensions (termed the 2-D model), it is derived from the analysis of a complete scaffold-shoring system and represents the structural behavior of a complete three-dimensional system. Experimental testing of scaffolds up to three stories in height conducted in the laboratory, along with an outdoor test of a five-story scaffold system, were used to validate the 2-D model. Both failure modes and critical loads were compared. In the comparison of failure modes, the computational results agree very well with the test results. However, in the comparison of critical loads, computational results were consistently somewhat greater than test results. The decreasing trends of critical loads with number of stories in both the test and simulation results were similar. After investigations to explain the differences between the computationally and experimentally determined critical loads, it was recommended that the 2-D model be used as the numerical model in subsequent analysis. In addition, the computational critical loads were calibrated and revised in accordance with the experimental critical loads, and the revised critical loads were then used as load-carrying capacities for scaffold-shoring systems for any number of stories. Finally, a simple procedure is suggested for determining load-carrying capacities of scaffold-shoring systems of heights other than those considered in this study.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2019

A grid-connected inverter with critical loads should be able to supply a stable voltage to critical loads at mode change and during clearing time while detecting unintentional islanding. This study proposes a mode transfer method for a grid-connected inverter with critical loads. The proposed method, which integrates the grid-connected and islanded mode control loops into one control block, provides an autonomous and seamless mode transfer from the current control to the voltage control. Therefore, the proposed scheme can supply a stable voltage to critical loads at mode change and during clearing time. Experimental results are provided to validate the proposed method.