• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 1995

The study is aimed to understand effects of ethephon(lmg/1), ABA(0.lrng/l), BA(0.lmg/l). and NAA (0.lmg /1) soaking treatment on the seed germination of perennial ryegrass 'Dandy', creeping bentgrass 'Penlinks', tall fescue 'Arid' and kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw'. These experiments are carried in vitro and their results are summarized as the followings ; In case of ethephon (lmg /1) soaking treatment of seed, the early germination of tall fescue 'Arid' and perennial ryegrass 'Dandy' was good without the soaking times. creeping bentgrass 'Penlinks' and kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw' obtained the best results at 12 hr. soking treatment, and the longer the soaking time, the higher the germination percentage. The early germination percentage of tall fescue 'Arid' and perennial ryegrass 'Dandy' increased more highly at ABA(0. tmg /1) soaking treatment than at the control. The germination percent-age of creeping loentgrass 'Penlink' and kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw' had respectively the best results at 6hr. and l2hr. soaking treatment. The early germination percentage of tall fescue 'Arid' and kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw'increased more highly at BA (0.lmg /1) soaking treatment than at the control, and especially had the best results in 6hr. soaking treatment. perennial ryegrass 'Dandy' had the best results at l0min. soaking treatment, and the longer the soaking time, the lesser the germination percentage. The early germination of perennial ryegrass 'Dandy'. creeping bentgrass 'Penlinks' and tall fes- cue 'Arid' increased more highly at NAA (0.lmg /1) soaking treatment than at the control, and especially had the best results at l2hr. soaking treatment. However, the germination of Kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw' seeds inhibited at NAA (0.lmg /1) soaking treatment. Key words: Ethephon, ABA, BA, NAA, Soaking treatment, Seed germination.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.286-296
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil microbial fertilizer (SMF) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae HS-1 and Streptococcus thermophiles HS-2 on the growth of creeping bentgrass. For the pot experiment, the treatments were as follows: no fertilizer (NF), control (3 N g/m²/month), SMF-1 (control+SMF 2 mL/m²/time), and SMF-2 (control+SMF 4 mL/m²/time). For the plot experiment, the treatments were as follows: NF, control, SMFp-1 (control+SMF 1 mL/m²/time), SMFp-2 (control+SMF 2 mL/m²/time), and SMFp-3 (control+SMF 4 mL/m²/time). In the pot experiment, visual turfgrass quality and the uptake amount of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) were increased under the SMF treatments, whereas the content of chlorophyll (a, b, and a+b) and clipping yield were not considerably different compared with the control. In the pot experiment, the amount of SMF positively correlated with visual turfgrass quality and uptake amount of N and K. In the plot experiment, turfgrass density was increased by 12.9-19.2% under SMFp treatments compared with the control. These results indicated that the application of SMF containing Sa. cerevisiae HS-1 and St. thermophiles HS-2 improved the quality, density, and growth of creeping bentgrass via prompting the uptake of N and K.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2005

This study was conducted from March 21 to July 7 in 2004 at JeJu Island to investigate the influences of seed-ing rates (4, 6, 5, 10 and 12 kg/10a) on creeping bentgrass vegetation. The result obtained were summarized as follows; plant height was getting longer as seeding rate increased from 4 to 12 kg/10a, Although it was no significance from 10 to 12 kg/10a. Root length, Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll reading value, leave and root weight increased as the plant height increased. The degree of land cover and density of creeping bentgrass also increased as seeding rate increased from 4 to 12 kg/10a, and the degree of land cover and density of weed decreased. The number of weed species on decreased as increasing of seeding rate. Then ranking of the dominant weeds were Digitaria adscendens, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum md Poa annua (at 4 kg/10a seeding rate), Digitaria adscendens, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum and Stellaria media (at 6 kg/10a seeding rate). Chenopdium album var. centrorubrum, Poa annua and Digitaria adscendens (at 8 kg/10a seeding rate), Digitaria adscendens, Chenopdium album var. centrorubrum and Steilaria media (at 10 kg/10a seeding rate), Chenopdium album var. centrorubrum, Digitaria adscendens and Stellaria media (at 12 kg/10a seeding rate). These results showed that the optimum seed-ing rate is 10 kg/10a for growth of creeping bentgrass in volcanic ash soils of Juju island.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 1994

The establishment by seeds and the maintenance by ramets of the autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) population were investigated in the Namhansansung Provincial Park, Jungbu-myun, Kwangju-gun, Kyunggi-do. Seed production and germination rate were 3, 300 $seeds{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ and 52%, respectively. The ramet formation in the population was classified into 4 types: stump type, creeping root type, lateral root type and secondary creeping root type. The subterranean creeping roots were 0.1~1.0 m in length, 4.5~14.0 mm in diameter and 0.06~0.2 m in soil depth. The number of ramets formed from a node was 1~21. The subterranean roots spread $5~509cm^2{\cdot}plant^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, which began to be produced from 7~9 year-old individuals. The number of stems was 1~67 per stump, which was reduced by self-thinning from 2 to 14 year-old trees. The frequency distribution of stem diameter$(D_{30})$ showed a reverse J-shaped curve, suggesting that this population be maintained perpetually by their own ramets.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.332-335
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• 2005

The three Korean wheat cultivars with different plant types; the erect, the middle and the creeping growth habit, were studied for their utilization to solar radiation, temperature changes on the furrow and to provide optimum planting space for producing the high yield in 2003. The average solar radiation rate was lowest for creeping type ($39.2\%$) and highest for erect type ($75.8\%$) The correlation coefficient between the coverage rate and the solar transmission rate was r = 0.8624 which was significant at $5\%$ level. The relative growth of the plant, tiller rate and leaf size was increased in the erect and the middle type at lower plant density, while no change on plant growth at creeping type regardless of plant density. The increase of leaf size in the lower plant density was due to longer flag and the first leaf than those of other plant types. The temperature on the furrow of growing plants was changed by the canopy. The changes in temperature pattern on the furrow according to plant types during winter season was different compared to the non plant ground. The temperature of the nonplant ground was the lowest due to solar reduction increasing the amount of cool air flowing in the furrow.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus sp. and Saccharomyces sp. on turf quality, shoot and root growth of creeping betgrass in golf course by measuring turf color index, chlorophyll content, dry weight of shoot and root, T/R ratio and root length. Fertilizer treatment was designed as follows; nonfertilizer (NF), control (CF; compound fertilizer), microorganism medium(MO; CF+MO)), microorganism medium contained Fe(MO-Fe; CF+MO-Fe) and microorganisum medium contained S (MO-S; CF+MO-S). Soil properties investigated after experiment was scarcely affected by applied fertilizers in root zone of creeping bentgrass. The turf color index and chlorophyll index of MO, MO-Fe, MO-S treatment were higher than those of NF, and similar to those of CF. The turfgrass root in MO and MO-Fe treatment was longer than others. The dry weight of shoot in MO and MO-S was higher than CF and that of root in MO and MO-Fe, and dry weight of MO was increased than that of NF and CF, by 26% and 6%, respectively. AS compared with NF, T/R ratio of CF, MO, MO-Fe and MO-S was increased, and MO and MO-Fe was similar to CF, MO-S higher. Nutrient content in CF, MO, MO-Fe and MO-S was contained more than in NF, and it was higher in shoot. These was suggested that application of MO induced the development of quality and growth of creeping bentgrass by assisting root growth and nutrients uptake.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2012

Soil amendments have been used to improve the physical and chemical condition of turf soil, which might optimize turfgrass growth in golf courses. This study was to investigate the effect of inorganic soil amendment (ZC) established in USGA root zone system on growth of creeping bentgrass, cv. 'Penncross' carried out from May to Dec. in 2005 at the nursery on Sinwon Golf Course. To analyze the effects of inorganic soil amendment on pH, specific gravity, infiltration rate, water content, soil hardness, root length, tiller density and dry weight were measured. pH was 6.7-6.8, specific gravity of sand (S) 100% was 1.48 heavier than the other treatments (1.28-1.38). Infiltration rate with ZC 15% + peat moss (P) 5% + S 80% and ZC 10% + S 90% was faster than S 100%. Soil hardness of S 100% was the highest. Root length of creeping bentgrass of P 10% + S 90% (8.6-12.0 cm) was the longest. Tiller density with P 5% + S 95% was more 4-7 ea than other treatments in summer season. In growing season, however, ZC 10% + P 5% + S 85% was more 2-3 ea than others. Dry weight of creeping bentgrass treated by ZC 10% + P 5% + S 85% in summer season and P 5% + S 95% in growing season were heavier than other treatments. It is recommended to combine 5-15% inorganic soil amendment and peat moss 5% with sand in order to sustain soil balance.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.54-61
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp., United States granular microorganisms and Japan granular microorganisms on turfgrass growth and thatch decomposing of creeping bentgrass in golf course by measuring turf color index, chlorophyll index, thatch content of soil, root length, turf density and chemical properties and thatch content of soil. Fertilizer treatment was designed as follows; control(CF; compound fertilizer), microorganism medium(M; CF+M), microorganism medium and livestock manure fertilizer(M-L; CF+M+LMF), microorganism medium, livestock manure fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer(M-L-A; MM+LMF+ALF), United States granular microorganisms(USGM; CF+USGM), Japan granular microorganisms(CF+JGM). Soil properties investigated after experiment was scarcely affected by applied fertilizers in root zone of creeping bentgrass. The turf color index and chlorophyll index of M, M-L, M-L-A, USGM, JGM treatment were higher than those of CF. The turfgrass root in M-L treatment was longer than others. The thatch content of soil in M treatment was longer than others. The thatch content of M was decreased than that of CF by 6.8%. These was suggested that application of M induced the development of quality and growth of creeping bentgrass by assisting turfgrass growth and thatch decomposing.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate to the effect of liquid fertilizer with saponin (SLF) and liquid fertilizer with amino acid (ALF)on the growth of creeping bentgrass. In creeping bentgrass, turf color index, chlorophyll index, dry weight and shoot number were measured. It was hardly affected by SLF and ALF applications in investigation of chemical properties of the soil. By applying SLF and ALF, turf color index and chlorophyll index in 2SLF and 2ALF were increased more than CF, and shoot number and root length in 2SLF, ALF and 2ALF were higher than CF. In correlation coefficient among growth factors of creeping bentgrass, turf quality was significantly different in root length, shoot number, dry weight, and content of N and K in turf tissue (P<0.05), N content of tissue was significantly in root length, shoot number and dry weight (P<0.05), and K content was significantly in shoot number and dry weight (P<0.05). These results suggested that application of functional liquid fertilizers such as SLF and ALF was expected to replace compound fertilizer in turf management and that applied SLF and ALF was stimulated the uptake of N and K into turf so that turf qualities were improved by enhancing growth shoot and root of turf.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.174-179
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• 2012

The majority of turfgrass composition of golf courses are zoysiagrass, and mingle with cool-season turfgrasses have been increased. As result of mingling the species, invading problem has been raised. In this study, 50 golf courses nationwide were surveyed of grass composition and invading problem with hetero-species of turfgrasses. Among the courses, 47 golf courses have invading problem with more than one species at least. The invading problem has been issued most of golf course in nationwide. Thirty-seven courses composited with zoysiagrass; at 25 courses showed creeping bentgrass invading and at 33 courses were invaded by kentucky bluegrass. Among 47 kentucky bluegrass composition courses, 43 courses had creeping bentgrass invading problem. Invading problem within the grass species (creeping bentgrass in zoysiagrass, kentucky bluegrass in zoysiagrass, creeping bentgrass in kentucky bluegrass); 14, 12, and 21 courses were detected single species, two species, and three species invading problem, respectively.