• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.889-897
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• 2018

Currently, there is a lack of genetic markers capable of effectively detecting polymorphisms in Clematis. Therefore, we developed new markers to investigate inter- and intraspecific diversity in Clematis. Based on the complete chloroplast genome of Clematis terniflora, simple sequence repeats were explored and primer pairs were designed for all ten adequate repeat regions (cpSSRs), which were tested in 43 individuals of 11 Clematis species. In addition, the nuclear ITS region was sequenced in 11 Clematis species. Seven cpSSR loci were found to be polymorphic in the genus and serve as markers that can distinguish different species and be used in different genetic analyses, including cultivar identification to assist the breeding of new ornamental cultivars.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.365-381
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• 2009

The chloroplast DNA sequences of Megaleranthis saniculifolia, an endemic and monotypic endangered plant species, were completed in this study (GenBank FJ597983). The genome is 159,924 bp in length. It harbors a pair of IR regions consisting of 26,608 bp each. The lengths of the LSC and SSC regions are 88,326 bp and 18,382 bp, respectively. The structural organizations, gene and intron contents, gene orders, AT contents, codon usages, and transcription units of the Megaleranthis chloroplast genome are similar to those of typical land plant cp DNAs. However, the detailed features of Megaleranthis chloroplast genomes are substantially different from that of Ranunculus, which belongs to the same family, the Ranunculaceae. First, the Megaleranthis cp DNA was 4,797 bp longer than that of Ranunculus due to an expanded IR region into the SSC region and duplicated sequence elements in several spacer regions of the Megaleranthis cp genome. Second, the chloroplast genomes of Megaleranthis and Ranunculus evidence 5.6% sequence divergence in the coding regions, 8.9% sequence divergence in the intron regions, and 18.7% sequence divergence in the intergenic spacer regions, respectively. In both the coding and noncoding regions, average nucleotide substitution rates differed markedly, depending on the genome position. Our data strongly implicate the positional effects of the evolutionary modes of chloroplast genes. The genes evidencing higher levels of base substitutions also have higher incidences of indel mutations and low Ka/Ks ratios. A total of 54 simple sequence repeat loci were identified from the Megaleranthis cp genome. The existence of rich cp SSR loci in the Megaleranthis cp genome provides a rare opportunity to study the population genetic structures of this endangered species. Our phylogenetic trees based on the two independent markers, the nuclear ITS and chloroplast MatK sequences, strongly support the inclusion of the Megaleranthis to the Trollius. Therefore, our molecular trees support Ohwi's original treatment of Megaleranthis saniculifolia to Trollius chosenensis Ohwi.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2018

The genus Carduus (Asteraceae), containing ca. 90 species, is mainly distributed in Eurasia and Africa. Carduus species are one of the most hazardous invasive species, which causes serious environmental threats and biodiversity damages in North America. Thus, the member of Carduus are targeted for classical biological control in this region. Here, we provide the complete cp genome of Carduus crispus using next-generation sequencing technology. The size of cp genomes of C. crispus is 152,342 bp. It shows a typical quadripartite structure, consisting of the large single copy (LSC; 83,254 bp), small single copy (SSC; 18,706 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 25,191 bp). It contains 115 unique genes of which 21 genes duplicated in the IR regions. The cpSSR regions of Carduus species were searched through the complete chloroplast genome sequence using a tandem repeat search tool in Geneious with the parameters set to ${\geq}7$ mononucleotide repeats, ${\geq}4$ di- and trinucleotide repeats, and ${\geq}3$ tetra-, penta-, and hexanucleotide repeats. A total of 22 repeat motifs were identified, which may be useful for molecular identification of Korean Carduus species (C. cripus), and providing a guideline for its conservation.