• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2002

In this paper, we develop noninformative priors that are used for estimating the ratio of failure rates under Freund's bivariate exponential distribution. A class of priors is found by matching the coverage probabilities of one-sided Baysian credible interval with the corresponding frequentist coverage probabilities. Also the propriety of posterior under the noninformative priors is proved and the frequentist coverage probabilities are investigated for small samples via simulation study.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2004

이동통신 시스템 설비는 크게 이동가입자의 접속을 위한 커버리지(Coverage)와 트래픽 증가시 소요되는 추가 트래픽 이용(Usage) 장비로 나눌 수 있으며, 이 분류에 따라 유선사업자가 이동사업자에게 지불하게 되는 접속료의 규모가 결정된다. 본 논문에서는 국내 유선사업자와 이동통신 사업자간의 접속료 산정을 위한 사전 작업으로서 투자요구에 따른 이동통신 시스템 설비를 분류하기 위한 새로운 기준을 제시한다. 새로이 제시하는 분류 기준에서는 시스템 설비의 용량(Erlang, throughput)과 가입자 수요를 이용하여 설비별로 커버리지의 비율을 적용함으로서 사업자간 양보를 통한 상호 합의점을 도출할 수 있다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.176-179
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• 2009

In this study, Urban Climate Simulation was performed using 3-Dimensional Urban Canopy Model. The characteristics of urban thermal environment was analyzed by classifying land coverage and increasing natural land coverage ratio. The results are as follows. The characteristics of the land coverage on urban thermal environment formation can be summarized by the effects like higher temperature on the artificial coverage, and the contrary effects on the natural coverage. When the water coverage 100% was made up, maximum temperature was declined by $5.5^{\circ}C$, humidity by the 6.5g/kg, wind velocity by 0.6m/s, convective sensible heat by $400W/m^2$ and the evaporative latent heat was increased by $370W/m^2$ compared to when artificial coverage 100% was formed. These simulation results need to be constructed as DB which shows urban quantitative thermal characters by the urban physical structure. These can be quantitative base for suggesting combinations of the building and urban planning features at the point of the desirable urban thermal environment as well as analysing urban climate phenomenon.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2009

본 연구는 도시미기후 측면에서 냉섬 역할을 하는 논경작지의 대규모 택지개발로 인한 도시기온 변화량를 분석하여 논경작지 보존을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고 도시온도 상승을 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 인천시 부평구와 부천시의 개발 전 후 토지피복 변화를 분석하기 위해 1989년 5월 17일과 2000년 5월 7일 위성영상을 산림, 초지 및 식재지, 논경작지, 나지, 시가화 지역을 구분하여 분석한 결과, 기존 인천시 부평구와 부천시 중앙에 넓게 분포하고 있던 논경작지 대부분이 신도시 건설로 인해 시가화 지역과 개발 중인 나지로 변한 것으로 분석되었다. 토지피복변화 유형별 지표면 온도 변화 현황 분석 결과, 지표면 온도가 높아진 주요 유형은 논경작지에서 나지로 변화된 유형($+1.4939^{\circ}C$), 논경작지에서 시가화 지역으로 변화된 유형($0.9356^{\circ}C$)이었다. 논경작지 토지이용 변화에 따른 온도 변화 영향요인을 분석하기 위해 논경작지 변화지역을 대상으로 블록별 평균 지표면 온도차를 분석한 결과, 1989년 세부 연구대상지는 논경작지였기 때문에 $19{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ 사이의 균일한 온도분포를 나타낸 반면, 시가화 지역으로 변한 2000년 블록별 지표면 온도는 $19.1{\sim}23.9^{\circ}C$로 온도편차가 크고 분포가 다양하게 나타나고 있었다. 논경작지 토지이용 변화에 따른 도시기온 변화 원인 분석을 위해 지표면 온도 변화량과 도시기온 변화 영향요인간 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 녹지율 상관계수는 -0.662로 강한 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, 건폐율, 불투수포장율, 용적율은 지표면 온도 변화량과 상관계수가 +0.231, +0.226, +0.123으로 통계적 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 논경작지 토지이용 변화에 따른 지표면 온도 변화모형을 구축하기 위해 녹지율을 독립변수로 지표면 온도 변화량을 종속변수로 한 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 기존 논경작지에서 시가화 지역으로 변화할 경우 녹지율 및 불투수포장율이 0%라 가정할 때 $+3.889^{\circ}C$의 온도 상승이 예상되며 녹지율이 10% 증가할 때마다 $+3.889^{\circ}C$에서 $-0.430^{\circ}C$ 만큼 온도저감 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1137-1142
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• 2010

This study proposes a guideline of a green roof system suitable for the local environment by verifying the growth of Zoysia japonica in a shallow, extensive, green roof system under rainfed condition. The experimental soil substrates into which excellent drought tolerance and creeping Z. japonica was planted were made with different soil thicknesses(15cm, 25cm) and soil mixing ratios(SL, $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$, $P_4P_4L_2$). The plant height, green coverage ratio, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll contents of Z. japonica were investigated. For the soil thickness of 15cm, the plant height of Z. japonica was significantly as affected by the soil mixing ratio and it was shown in the order SL= $P_4P_4L_2$ < $P_7P_1L_2$ = $P_5P_3L_2$ < $P_6P_2L_2$. For the soil thickness of 25cm, the plant height was increased in order to SL < $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ < $P_4P_4L_2$. The green coverage ratio was not observed by soil the mixing ratio or soil thickness. However, the green coverage ratio was 86~90% with a good coverage rate overall. The chlorophyll contents of Z. japonica were not significantly affected by the soil mixing ratio in the soil thickness of 15cm, but were higher in the natural soil than in the artificial soil at 25cm soil thickness. The fresh weight and dry weight of Zoysia japonica were heavier in the 25cm thickness than in the 15cm thickness and in the artificial soil mixture than in the natural soil. The result indicated that the growth of Zoysia japonica was more effective in the 25cm soil thickness with artificial soil than in the 15cm soil thickness with natural soil in the green roof system under rainfed condition.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2009

Research was initiated to investigate a vegetation characteristics of the winter season by seeding periods. 3 seeding periods (Mid-December seeding plot, Late January seeding plot and Early March seeding plot) and 3 zones (the top zone, the middle zone and the bottom zone) in each plot were treated with 3 replications on the experimented slope. Data such as vegetation coverage (%), soil hardness (MPa), temperature ($^{\circ}C$) and moisture (%) content were analyzed. The vegetation coverage was high in Early March seeding plot, medium in Mid-December, and low in Late January seeding plot. Early March seeding plot was effective in moisture content, soil hardness, and temperature for the growth of vegetation when compared to Late January seeding plot and Mid-December seeding plot. From the standpoint of coverage ratio of plant species, the coverage of Dianthus sinensis and Albizzia julibrissin were high in the Late January seeding plot whereas the coverage of Lotus corniculatus and Cool-season turfgrass were high in Early March seeding plot. These results indicated that the high vegetation coverage of Dianthus sinensis and Albizzia julibrissin in Early March seeding plot was caused by scarification during winter season. There was no difference observed in plant height regardless of seeding periods except in early surveying time of May and June after seeding. As far as each zone of the plot was concerned, the vegetation coverage was high. in the bottom zone, medium in the middle zone and low in the top zone. The bottom area of the experimented slope was high in moisture content when compared to the middle zone and the top zone.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2017

목적: 예방접종 정책과 프로그램 수립에 있어 청소년의 인플루엔자 백신접종률은 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 본 연구는 국내 청소년의 인플루엔자 예방접종률을 파악하고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년부터 2012년 그리고 2014년에 시행된 제4-6기 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 만 12-18세 청소년 중 인플루엔자 백신 예방접종 여부에 유, 무를 응답한 5,213명을 대상으로 건강설문 자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 연구 대상자의 인플루엔자 예방접종률은 23.2% (범위, 21.1%-24.7%)였다. 연구 대상자들 중, 초등학생인 경우(odds ratio [OR], 1.706; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.526-1.906)와 주관적 건강 인식에서 건강 인식이 좋을수록(OR, 1.192; 95% CI, 1.057-1.344) 더 높은 접종률을 보였다. 음주를 하지 않고(OR, 1.769; 95% CI, 1.474-2.122) 흡연 경험이 없는 청소년(OR, 1.459; 95% CI, 1.144-1.860)에서 접종률이 높았고, 폐렴으로 의사에게 진단받은 경험이 있는 경우(OR, 1.469; 95% CI, 1.076-2.006) 접종을 많이 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론: 국내 청소년 중 예방접종률이 낮은 집단인 중, 고등학생과 주관적으로 건강상태가 나쁘다고 생각하는 그룹 및 음주, 흡연을 하는 청소년들을 대상으로 한 적극적인 예방접종 홍보 정책이 요구된다.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

This study has been given careful consideration to an induction of the mixed-use districts for the efficiency of Land Use, the rational plot planning and the mixture/complex among the functions in order to complement the zoning plan with the primary purpose to purify the usage of landscape. Furthermore, it is aimed to indicate the implementations through the medium of the in-depth analysis about the cardinal factors such as the standards on the regional location, building size and building uses in the case of designating the Mixed-use districts.Abstract This study has been examined by the aspect of scope for securing the adequacy of Site Division Restriction, Floor Area Ratio, Building Coverage Ratio and Outdoor Area Ratio in the "Mixed-Use Districts" and especially, by the medium of the in-depth analysis about the actual condition of building and outdoor space scales. It has been deduced the scale standards by using the simulation and correlation analysis among the factors of those buildings and outdoor spaces. Moreover, it has been applied the analysis method of using the building scale, especially, the latter has analyzed the total 1,656 different types classified by 3 patterns of Plottage and Building Coverage Ratio, 9 patterns of the factor change on Outdoor Area Ratio and 8 different patterns of road width.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.183-183
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• 2017

In the early part of rice growth, root volume primarily limits the amount of plant-accessible nitrogen (N). Therefore, knowledge of the root development is important for modeling N uptake of rice. The timing when the volume of rhizosphere cover the whole soil is also important to carry out timely top dressing. However, information about initial root expansion and associated N uptake is limited due to intrinsic technical difficulties in assessing below-ground processes. Some studies, however, showed a close relationship between below-ground root and above-ground leaf development, suggesting a possibility that above-ground attributes could serve as surrogates for the root processes. In this study, we investigated the relationship between below-ground and above-ground development of rice. Field experiments were conducted where we cultivated Koshihikari (a leading cultivar in Japan) for four different cropping schedules in 2012. In 2016, Gimbozu (HEG4) and three flowering time mutant lines of Gimbozu (X61 (se13), HS276 (ef7), DMG9 (se13, ef7)) were examined for a single season. Experiments were performed with three replications in a completely randomized design. We monitored ammonium-N concentration ([NH4+-N]) in soil solution by repeatedly taking samples from a porous tubing (10-cm long) vertically inserted at the most distant point from surrounding rice hills. Samples were taken in triplicate (= triplicate tubes) and every three days from transplanting in each experimental unit. For above-ground attributes, leaf area index (LAI) was measured in 2012, whereas soil coverage ratio was estimated by image processing in 2016. Results showed that [NH4+-N] increased gradually after transplanting and then rapidly decreased from a certain day. This distinct drop in [NH4+-N] informed us the timing at which the rice root system reached the point of porous tubing and thus essentially covered the whole soil volume. The LAI at the dropping point was about 0.43 regardless of the cropping schedules in 2012 experiment. In 2016, the coverage ratio at the N dropping point was within the range of 0.12 to 0.19 for four genotypes having different growth durations. In addition, the coverage ratios at seven weeks after the transplanting showed a good correspondence to LAI across the four genotypes. We therefore conclude that both LAI and coverage ratio may serve as robust indicators for root development and might be useful to estimate the timing when the root system fully cover the soil volume. Results obtained here will also contribute to develop models that can predict not only above-ground canopy development but also associated below-ground processes.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제30권
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• pp.35-87
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• 2005

본 연구는 인터넷발달의 과정에서 발달단계인 초기(보급 확산)부터 보편적으로 활용되고 있는 사회문화기인 현재까지 발달과정을 실증적이며 이론모델을 제시한 연구이다. 전통적인 매체에서 어떠한 방식으로 보도해왔는가를 통해 각 시기별로 나타나는 미디어적특성을 이해하는데 그 목적이 있다. 주요 뉴스미디어들이 어떠한 보도경향-틀 짓기(프레임)-방식으로 인터넷발달을 기록해 왔는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 1989년부터 2004년까지의 기사를 대상으로 내용분석을 실시했다. 또한, 인터넷의 기술발전과 이용추이에 따라 4시기로 구분했는데 인터넷 상용화이전 도입기, 인터넷 확산기, 인터넷의 상업적 상용화기, 인터넷의 사회 문화기가 그것이다. 분석결과, 신문보도의 프레임 요소와 방법은 각 시기별로 대체적으로 차별적인 방식으로 구성되었다. 특히 사회 문화기로 접근할수록 초기의 기술위주의 계열화방식에서 점차적으로 통합화 방식으로 전환되어 왔다. 결국, 인터넷의 이용 폭이 확대되고 사회전반으로 그 영향력 범위가 넓어짐에 따라 신문은 사회 안에서 인터넷이 갖고 있는 의미와 문제점 등에 초점을 맞추었다는 것이다. 그러나, 기존의 미디어 대체적 시각에서 바라보는 것과 같은 경쟁적인 프레임이나 보도경향은 뚜렷하게 드러나지 않았다. 오히려 인터넷의 도입 이후 장기적으로 국가차원 이용과 같은 주제보도(thematic coverage) 차원으로부터 일상적인 이용보도인 일화보도(episodic coverage)가 많은 쪽으로 옮아갔다. 장기적으로 인터넷 보도시각은 변화양상을 보여 왔으나, 어느 한 측면(낙관적 혹은 비관적, 호의적 또는 비호의적)에 치우치지 않고 대체로 중립적인 프레임을 실증적으로 확인하였다.