• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2000

The foot plays a vital role in standing and gait. This function results from harmonious interaction of bones, joints, and soft tissue. An imbalance or a defect in such structures can lead to impaired function of the foot. The mid foot, composed of cunieforms, navicular and cuboid bone, plays a vital role in maintaining longitudinal and transverse arches and injury or defects to this region can cause instability of the foot. This paper reports a case of complex foot injury; soft tissue defect of dorsum of foot, and medial and intermediate cuneiform bone defect, reconstructed in a single stage using vascularized osteocutaneous fibular free flap. Segmented to fit the defects of medial and intermediate cuneiform bones and a skin paddle providing adequate coverage, restored the stability to the arches and function of the midfoot. The fibula osteocutaneous free flap has appealing characteristics for reconstruction of the foot and the complex mid foot injuries can be considered to the long list of indications.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

This study was conducted to establish inventory and propose conservation strategy of 'village wetlands' in Cheonan. As results, the village wetlands are defined as such places as palustrine wetland, village embankment, agricultural reservoir or small reservoirs located in or near the village and related to everyday life or farming. Firstly 791 provisional village wetlands were identified in Cheonan by using Arc-GIS 10.1, then 104 wetlands were defined as village wetlands and listed the inventory of Cheonan Village Wetlands after being validated through their area (greater than $1,000m^2$), satellite images, Korea Land Information System, land use map, land coverage map and field survey. Finally the 49 wetlands were selected for detailed surveying, and function assessment. As the result of the wetland function assessments, 11 wetlands were found to have 'high' wetland function (conservation) 30 wetlands were 'average' (enhancement) and 8 wetlands were 'low' (restoration or enhancement). Enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services through ecological management of wetlands in Cheonan and connecting with an ecological network were proposed.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.245-257
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• 2004

Driven by the growing number of the mobile subscribers, efficient channel resource management plays a key role for provisioning multimedia service in the next generation personal communication systems. To reuse limited channel resources, diminishing the coverage areas of cells seems to be the ultimate solution. Thus, however, causes more handover events. To provide seamless connection environment for mobile terminals and applications, this article presents a novel handover scheme called the intelligent channel reservation (ICR) scheme, which exploits the location prediction technologies to accurately reserve channel resources for handover connections. Considering the fact that each mobile terminal has its individual mobility characteristic, the ICR scheme utilizes a channel reserving notification procedure (CRNP) to collect adequate parameters for predicting the future location of individual mobile terminals. These parameters will be utilized by the handover prediction function to estimate the expected handover blocking rate and the expected number of idle channels. Based on the handover prediction estimations, a cost function for calculating the damages from blocking the handover connections and idling channel resources, and a corresponding algorithm for minimizing the cost function are proposed. In addition, a guard channel decision maker (GCDM) determines the appropriate number of guard channels. The experimental results show that the ICR scheme does reduce the handover-blocking rate while keeping the number of idle channels small.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

소프트웨어가 복잡할수록 소프트웨어의 테스트에 들어가는 비용과 시간이 점점 증가되고 있는 문제점이 존재한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 테스트에 사용되는 테스트 케이스의 수를 줄이는 것이 중요하다. 특히 단위 테스트 케이스 수를 결정하는 것에는 교호강도의 수가 중요한데 교호강도 수는 소스에서 인자간의 조합에 의해 함수의 결과에 영향을 미치는 인자들의 수를 말한다. 본 논문에서는 프로그램 코드 상에서 인자의 사용 패턴을 분석하여 특정 패턴이 되면 교호 강도 수를 늘리고 최종적으로 교호 강도수를 결정할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 제안하는 방법의 효과를 커버리지 및 결함 발견 수의 항목으로 실험을 통해 증명한다.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제24권
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• pp.97-117
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• 2005

Internally Korean insurance market is that whole life products' growth are becoming slowdown that's why new insurance products have appeared on the market in consideration of consumer's needs recently. Externally domestic insurance market competitions has drifted from insurance industry to whole financial industry since bankasurance started. Life insurance companies should open up a new market to survive from severe competitions. Worksite marketing can be an alternative. An insurer make arrangements with an employer about an insurance terms which an insurer offers in Worksite marketing. Then eligible individuals enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage through payroll deductions. An employer doesn't need to pay extra money for additional benefit but can raise employee's loyalty and satisfaction of company through worksite marketing. An employee can be covered at discounted premium rate and less strict underwriting guidelines to an insurer compared to individual insurance. In developed countries specially U.S insurance market, Worksite marketing is getting very popular and growing rapidly due to the advantages. Worksite marketing has both individual insurance characters and group insurance characters. Individual insurance characters are that employees enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage. Group insurance characters are that actively at work and participation etc. An insurer have to reflect these two characters on Worksite marketing when an insurance company work out a plan for developing products and underwriting guidelines. When an insurer devise worksite products, one should consider participation level which means percentage of eligible employees participating. Participation is related to anti-selection. As we know underwriting is essential for every kind of insurance, especially underwriting plays major role in worksite marketing. We can see that in the below. Firstly, it has a function in calculation of premium rate. When calculate premium rate for worksite products underwriters have to estimate expected participation level and risk factors. So underwriters and acturies keep in close contact with each other. Secondly, underwriting methods are important. When an insurer underwrite worksite products, there are three kinds of underwriting methods. These are Simplified issue underwriting, Full underwriting and Guaranteed issue underwriting. Simplified issue underwriting typically requires no medical examination, but usually requires supplying satisfactory answers to one or several health and/or lifestyle questions. Full underwriting requires a complete medical history questionnaire that may further require an exam. Guaranteed issue underwriting means that coverage is issued without the employee having to provide evidence of insurability. When insurer set the GI limit are usually based on the type of industry, number of eligible employees, the average amount of coverage and participation level. In addition to insurer should have a clear definition of eligible employee on the insurance provision and application form. It will minimize possibility of trouble claims and anti-selection. An insurer also establish preexisting condition exclusion and special guidelines for late entrants. When an insurer introduce Worksite marketing to Korean insurance market, an insurer has to examine market research to analyze potential market and strategy of sales most of all. Also an insurer should review real situation of the U.S, England and Japanese market etc. There are a lot of new technologies about worksite marketing process that an insurer should learn. When an insurer consider many things which we explained it can be a real alternative.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.62-74
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• 2015

본 연구는 일본 고베시(神戶市) 해안 매립도시인 포트아일랜드 가로녹지의 지형구조별 도로 유형, 주변 토지이용, 식재구조를 조사 분석하여 녹지량이 풍부한 가로녹지 식재기법 사례를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 포트아일랜드(총면적 826ha)는 일본 내에서도 최초의 인공섬으로 항만시설과 본격적인 도시기능시설을 겸비한 해상문화도시이다. 연구대상지내 $55{\sim}285m^2$ 면적의 조사구 11개소를 설정하여 조사 한 결과, 가로녹지의 지형구조는 마운딩형, 사면형, 사면+평지형, 평지형의 4개 유형으로 구분되었고, 인접한 도로의 폭에 따라 지형구조가 변화하였다. 인접한 도로의 차선이 많아서 소음, 공해물질 등 영향을 많이 받는 지역은 마운딩형, 사면형, 사면+평지형 등의 지형구조와 광폭의 다층구조 녹지대를 조성하였고, 도로차선이 적은 지역인 경우, 평지형의 지형구조와 화관목 위주의 관목을 식재하여 가로띠녹지를 조성하였다. 인접한 토지이용은 공공기관, 공동주택지, 주상복합지, 상업업무지 등이었고, 식재개념은 중로(4차선)의 경우 완충+경관기능, 소로(2차선)의 경우 경관기능이었다. 식재종은 대만풍나무, 녹나무, 조구나무, 참죽나무, 담팔수, 은행나무, 벚나무, 느티나무, 종가시나무, 향나무, 목련, 철쭉류, 동백나무, 꽃댕강나무 등 다양하게 나타났다. 식재밀도는 교목층 0.02~0.08(0.04)주/$m^2$, 아교목층 0.02~0.08(0.04)주/$m^2$이었고, 녹피율은 교목층 40.0~173.7(93.0)%, 아교목층 2.1~79.8(34.9)%, 관목층 17.9~64.2(4.13)%이었다. 녹지용적계수는 교목층 $1.43{\sim}6.67(4.13)m^3/m^2$, 아교목층 $0.02{\sim}2.01(0.85)m^3/m^2$, 관목층 $0.14{\sim}0.58(0.26)m^3/m^2$이었다. 포트아일랜드 가로녹지의 녹피율은 서울시 주요 가로녹지에 비해 높은 수준이었고, 특히 관목층 녹피율과 녹지용적계수는 우리나라 주요 가로녹지와 비교하였을 때 많은 차이가 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 현재 우리나라에 조성되고 있는 해안 매립기반 도시의 가로녹지 조성 시 지형구조, 식재구조, 식재기능 등을 고려하여 다양한 기능을 수행하는 가로녹지 조성기법 사례지로 응용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대기
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2012

The $PM_{10}$ concentration data is useful for indentifying intensity and a transport way of Asian dust. However, it is difficult to identify them properly due to the limited spatial resolution and coverage. Therefore, a methodology to estimate $PM_{10}$ concentration using visibility data obtained from synoptic observation was developed. To derive the converting function, correlation between visibility and $PM_{10}$ concentration is investigated using visibility and $PM_{10}$ concentration data observed at 20 stations in Korea from 2005 to 2009. To minimize bias due to atmospheric moisture, data with higher relative humidity over a critical value were eliminated while deriving $PM_{10}$-visibility relationship. As a result, an exponentially decreasing function of visibility is obtained under the condition that relative humidity is less than 82%. Verification of the visibility converting function to $PM_{10}$ concentration was carried out for the dust cases in 2010. It was found that spatial distributions of $PM_{10}$ calculated by visibility are in good agreement with the observed $PM_{10}$ distribution, especially for the strong dust cases in 2010. And correlation between the derived and observed $PM_{10}$ concentration was 0.63. We applied the function to obtain distributions of $PM_{10}$ concentration over North Korea, in which concentration data are not available, and compared them with satellite derived dust index, IODI distributions for dust cases in 2010. It is shown that the visibility function estimates quite similar patterns of dust concentration with IODI image, which suggests that it can contribute for prediction by indentifying transport route of Asian dust.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.163-176
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• 1976

The artillery fire is characterized by great damage that can be inflicted simultaneously to an area through concentrated firing. The field artillery guns used in R.O.K. Army are generally old. Thus high values of their velocity errors cause wide dispersion of shell landings. Therefore effects of the concentrated firing is lessened. In this paper a general model which considers all error factors involved in firing in general, is established first. Then from this a basic model which includes the errors involved in concentrated firing only, such as the ballistic error, velocity error, target density function, and damage function, is extracted. Among many weapon systems now in use a specific one called gun 'A' is selected and its concentration effects are measured through computer simulation. The results show that as the velocity error of a battery increases, its target coverage capability, i. e. concentration effect, decreases. Therefore the need arises for the field artillery commander to know beforehand characteristics, i.e. velocity errors, of the guns in his unit and also to carefully examine the problem of battery arrangement with the gun characteristics in mind in order to maximize the damage effects of his artillery unit.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2000

The treatment of chronic chest wounds should be focused on eradicating the infection and obliterating the dead space thus providing improved pulmonary function. Chronic chest wounds, although the incidence has decreased over the years, is still associated with high morbidity and prolong hospitalization. In cases where the disease is advanced and conventional measures fail, aggressive approaches achieve adequate resolution or significant improvement. This paper reports four cases of chronic chest wound including bronchopleural fistula and osteomyelitis managed by debridement followed by muscle coverage using latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, and omental flap. The intrathoracic reconstruction entails thorough debridement of empyema cavities, bronchpleural fistulas and infection focus. The infection must be completely eradicated prior to or at the time of flap transposition. The flaps used for obliteration of dead spaces provided adequate bulk, abundant blood supply, and minimal donor morbidity. The results were satisfactory with improved respiratory function without complications.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1090-1098
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to classify size specifications of the Korean adult male for the men's ready-made garments, especially jacket and dress shirts. By the stratified sampling method, data were collected by the real anthropometric measurement and by the photo-graphic sources. Sample size was 532 subjects as the sample and their age range was from 28 to 35 years old. 66 variables from the direct anthropometric data in total were applied to analyze. ANOVA in SPSS WIN package was applied to the data and the expected frequency distribution of 10.000 men was calculated by the extraction of density function. This study was performed to classify size specifications by the control dimensions and at the same interval of KS-K. The drop values of 15, 12 and 9 have the high coverage rate of 26.00%, 24.29% and 21.06% respectively and are composed of the majority of 71.35% of the subjects. According to the drop values, size specifications and distribution of control and reference dimensions are predicted. About 52.12% of the expected frequency distribution without stature were covered by 12 size specifications.