• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2021

With the recent advancements in the Internet of Things, context-aware system that provides customized services become important to consider. The existing context-aware systems analyze data generated around the user and abstract the context information that expresses the state of situations. However, these datasets is mostly unstructured and have difficulty in processing with simple approaches. Therefore, providing context-aware services using the datasets should be managed in simplified method. One of examples that should be considered as the unstructured datasets is a deep learning application. Processes in deep learning applications have a strong coupling in a way of abstracting dataset from the acquisition to analysis phases, it has less flexible when the target analysis model or applications are modified in functional scalability. Therefore, an abstraction model that separates the phases and process the unstructured dataset for analysis is proposed. The proposed abstraction utilizes a description name Analysis Model Description Language(AMDL) to deploy the analysis phases by each fat client is a specifically designed instance for resource-oriented tasks in edge computing environments how to handle different analysis applications and its factors using the AMDL and Fat client profiles. The experiment shows functional scalability through examples of AMDL and Fat client profiles targeting a vehicle image recognition model for vehicle access control notification service, and conducts process-by-process monitoring for collection-preprocessing-analysis of unstructured data.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.400-425
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• 2018

This study presents the research results and current status of the DECOVALEX-2019 project Task B. Task B named 'Fault slip modelling' is aiming at developing a numerical method to simulate the coupled hydro-mechanical behavior of fault, including slip or reactivation, induced by water injection. The first research step of Task B is a benchmark simulation which is designed for the modelling teams to familiarize themselves with the problem and to set up their own codes to reproduce the hydro-mechanical coupling between the fault hydraulic transmissivity and the mechanically-induced displacement. We reproduced the coupled hydro-mechanical process of fault slip using TOUGH-FLAC simulator. The fluid flow along a fault was modelled with solid elements and governed by Darcy's law with the cubic law in TOUGH2, whereas the mechanical behavior of a single fault was represented by creating interface elements between two separating rock blocks in FLAC3D. A methodology to formulate the hydro-mechanical coupling relations of two different hydraulic aperture models and link the solid element of TOUGH2 and the interface element of FLAC3D was suggested. In addition, we developed a coupling module to update the changes in geometric features (mesh) and hydrological properties of fault caused by water injection at every calculation step for TOUGH-FLAC simulator. Then, the transient responses of the fault, including elastic deformation, reactivation, progressive evolutions of pathway, pressure distribution and water injection rate, to stepwise pressurization were examined during the simulations. The results of the simulations suggest that the developed model can provide a reasonable prediction of the hydro-mechanical behavior related to fault reactivation. The numerical model will be enhanced by continuing collaboration and interaction with other research teams of DECOLVAEX-2019 Task B and validated using the field data from fault activation experiments in a further study.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1978

The $Na^+$-and $K^+$-induced $Ca^{++}$ release was measured isotopically by Milipore filter technique in mitochondria isolated from rabbit ventricles. The release of $Ca^{++}$ from mitochondria could be induced by 1-3 mM of $Na^+$ added in incubating medium under the presence of 0.5mM EGTA to prevent the released $Ca^{++}$ from rebinding with mitochondrial membrane. The amount of $Ca^{++}$ released was increased by increasing the concentration of $Na^+$ added. 100mM $K^+$, in itself, did not induce the $Ca^{++}$ release from cardiac mitochondria, the $Na^+$-induced $Ca^{++}$ release, however, was potentiated by the presence of $K^+$. The potentiation of $Na^+$-induced $Ca^{++}$ release by $K^+$ was proportional to the $Na^+/K^+$ ratio presented in the incubating medium. Among the monovalent cations other than $Na^+$, the release of $Ca^{++}$ from cardiac mitochondria was shared only by $Li^+$. The $Na^+$-induced $Ca^{++}$ release could be also observed in the mitochondria isolated from liver and kidney. However, the $Na^+$ sensitivity was somewhat lower in liver and kidney mitochondria than in heart mitochondria. The release of $Ca^{++}$ induced by $Na^+$ in the mitochondria isolated from the experimentally produced failured heart was not different from that in the normal heart mitochondria, and was not directly modified by $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-5}$ M of Ouabain. From the experiments, it was suggested that the $Ca^{++}$ released from mitochondria by $Na^+$ could be used in excitation-contraction coupling process to initiate the contraction of the cardiac myofibrils. Futhermore, it appeared that the phenomenon of $Ca^{++}$ release from cardiac mitochondria by $Na^+$ and $K^+$ might be related to the inotropic effect of digitalis glycoside which could bring about the increase of $Na^+$ or the reduction of $K^+$ intracellulary through the inhibition of $Na^+$, $K^+$-ATPase.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.262-266
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• 2001

The magnetic switching volume is known as an important parameter to understand the magnetization reversal process, thermal stability of the written information and media noise. This parameter is influenced significantly by the microstructure of the magnetic layer as well as underlayer. Therefore, we fabricated CoSm/Cr thin films with varying magnetic layer thickness under constant sputtering by using a dc magnetic sputtering machine. The magnetic layer thickness effect on the magnetic switching volume have been studied by the means of magnetic viscosity and dc demagnetization remanence curve mesurements. From these measurements, we found that the switching volumes increased with increasing the magnetic layer thickness, whereas the coercivity showed different behavior. These may be a result of the increased intergranular coupling and the larger volume fraction of the magnetic layer.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1858-1864
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• 2009

In this paper, we design a non-volatile memory IP, 1-kb one-time programmable (OTP) memory, used for power management ICs. Since a conventional OTP cell uses an isolated NMOS transistor as an antifuse, there is an advantage of it big cell size with the BCD process. We use, therefore, a PMOS transistor as an antifuse in lieu of the isolated NMOS transistor and minimize the cell size by optimizing the size of a OTP cell transistor. And we add an ESD protection circuit to the OTP core circuit to prevent an arbitrary cell from being programmed by a high voltage between the terminals of the PMOS antifuse when the ESD test is done. Furthermore, we propose a method of turning on a PMOS pull-up transistor of high impedance to eliminate a gate coupling noise in reading a non-programmed cell. The layout size of the designed 1-kb PMOS-type antifuse OTP IP with Dongbu's $0.18{\mu}m$ BCD is $129.93{\times}452.26{\mu}m^2$.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.273-283
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• 2015

In this study, we suggested the methodology and the results of planning of promising technologies in mechanical engineering by focusing on the case of the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM). For dedicated commitment to planning of promising technologies, KIMM newly introduced task-force called as 'specialist unit'. In addition, KIMM combined the investigation of external environments with the analysis of internal capabilities of KIMM and utilized the bibliographic coupling analysis in the process of the exploring sub themes. Finally, we provided 8 promising fields and their sub themes in the mechanical engineering. Our study contributed to the strategic development of the main research programs of KIMM. Our findings can be also utilized as the best practice of planning of promising technologies in the field of mechanical engineering.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-220
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• 2013

Upper ocean response to typhoon Ewiniar (0603) and its impact on the following typhoon Bilis (0604) are investigated using observational data and numerical experiments. Data used in this study are obtained from the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS), ARGO, and satellite. Numerical simulations are conducted using 3-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model. Results show that when Ewiniar passes over the western North Pacific, unique oceanic responses are found at two places, One is in East China Sea near Taiwan and another is in the vicinity of IORS. The latter are characterized by a strong sea surface cooling (SSC), $6^{\circ}C$ and $11^{\circ}C$ in simulation and observation, under the condition of typhoon with a fast translation speed (8m $s^{-1}$) and lowering intensity (970 hPa). The record-breaking strong SSC is caused by the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water, which produces a strong vertical temperature gradient within a shallow depth of Yellow Sea. The former are also characterized by a strong SSC, $7.5^{\circ}C$ in simulation, with a additional cooling of $4.5^{\circ}C$ after a storm's passage mainly due to enhanced and maintained upwelling process by the resonance coupling of storm translation speed and the gravest mode internal wave phase speed. The numerical simulation reveals that the Ewiniar produced a unfavorable upper-ocean thermal condition, which eventually inhibited the intensification of the following typhoon Bilis. Statistics show that 9% of the typhoons in western North Pacific are influenced by cold wakes produced by a proceeding typhoon. These overall results demonstrate that upper ocean response to a typhoon even after the passage is also important factor to be considered for an accurate intensity prediction of a following typhoon with similar track.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.117-126
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• 2009

Epoxy/anhydride systems with silica filler were studied to improve the cure behavior and characteristics. To study the curing process of epoxy/anhydride using DSC and a stress rheometer, it was observed that gelation temperature increased by increasing the thermal rate or in high isothermal conditions, while it was observed that the degree of cure at gelation decreased. Thermal stability of the epoxy/anhydride system showed any increment by increasing silica contents, except slight decrease of weight by containing humidity. The epoxy resin cured with 30% of silica filler decreased coefficient thermal expansion (CTE) about 33% to show $40ppm/^{\circ}C$. Specimens filled with 30 wt% of silica showed 60% increase in storage modulus at $30^{\circ}C$ to show 3909 MPa compared with neat resin to 2,377 MPa. Epoxy/anhydride systems with surface treated silica by silane coupling agent decreased storage modulus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2009

In this study, the effect of a long post-deposition thermal annealing(600 and 1000 $^{\circ}C$) on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties of polycrystalline (poly) aluminum-nitride (AlN) thin films grown on a 3C-SiC buffer layer was investigates. The poly-AlN thin films with a (0002) preferred orientation were deposited on the substrates by using a pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering system. Experimental results show that the texture degree of AlN thin film was reduced along the increase in annealing temperature, which caused the decrease in the electromechanical coupling coefficient ($k^2$). The SAW velocity also was decreased slightly by the increase in root mean square (RMS) roughness over annealing temperature. However, the residual stress in films almost was not affect by thermal annealing process due to small lattice mismatch different and similar coefficient temperature expansion (CTE) between AlN and 3C-SiC. After the AlN film annealed at 1000 $^{\circ}C$, the insertion loss of an $IDT/AlN/3C-SiC/SiO_2/Si$ structure (-16.44 dB) was reduced by 8.79 dB in comparison with that of the as-deposited film (-25.23 dB). The improvement in the insertion loss of the film was fined according to the decrease in the grain size. The characteristics of AlN thin films were also evaluated using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.61-70
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• 2009

A 10b 30MS/s pipelined ADC operating under 1V power supply is presented. It utilizes a switched-RC based input sampling circuit and a resistive loop to reset the feedback capacitor in the multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) for the low-voltage operation. Cascaded switched-RC branches are used to achieve accurate grain of the MDAC for the first stage and separate switched-RC circuits are used in the sub-ADC to suppress the switching noise coupling to the MDAC input The measured differential and integral non-linearities of the prototype ADC fabricated in a 0.13${\mu}m$, CMOS process are less than 0.54LSB and 1.75LSB, respectively. The prototype ADC achieves 54.1dB SNDR and 70.4dB SFDR with 1V supply and 30MHz sampling frequency while consuming 17mW power.