• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.949-956
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• 1994

The effect of zinc deficiency on certain immunological parameters was investigated using intragastric tube feeding to obviate decreased food intake and altered eating pattern. Male, Fischer 344 rats were bilaterally adrenalectomized(ADX) or sham operated(SHAM). ADX rats received 0.9% NaCl in their drinking water and corticosterone injections at the dose of 1mg/kg of body weight three times per day. After recovery, one half of ADX and SHAM animals were tube-fed a purified, liquid diet containing either two ppm of zinc(zinc-deficient, force-fed ; ZDF) or 50ppm(zinc-replete, force-fed ; ZRF) for 19 days. They received identical amounts of diet based on the intake of ad libitum-fed, zinc-replete rats. Although they received identical amounts of food, ZDF rats grew at a slower rate compared to ZRF rats in both SHAM and ADX rats. Regardless of surgery, force-feeding rats the zinc-deficient diet resulted in a substantial decrease in serum zinc levels. The weights of the thymus, lymph node, and spleen were lower in SHAM-ZRF rats compared to SHAM-ARF rats. Marginal zinc deficiency caused lymphopenia in SHAM animals. However, these differences in lymphoid tissues and cells between SHAM-ZDF and SHAM-ZRF rats disappeared in ADX rats. These results indicate that the impaired growth of lymphoid tissues observed in zinc-deficient, sham-operated animals can be attributed to elevated serum corticosterone levels under the conditions of our experiments.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Coptidis Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix on the LPS(Lipopolysaccharide) ICV(intracerebroventricular) injection. Methods : We measured plasma corticosterone level and rectal temperature in mice induced by I.C.V. injection of LPS (100ng/mouse). Results : The results were as follows.. 1. The plasma corticosterone levels in CR-1(0.5g/kg), CR-2(1.0g/kg), CR-3(3.0g/kg) were not decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05) 2. The plasma corticosterone level in AR-1(0.5g/kg) was decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05), but AR-2(1.0g/Kg) and AR-3(3.0g/kg) were not decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05). 3. The rectal temperature in CR-1(0.5g/kg), CR-2(1.0g/kg), CR-3(3.0g/kg) was decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05) 4. The rectal temperature in AR-1(0.5g/kg), AR-2(1.0g/kg), AR-3(3.0g/kg) was not decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05) Conclusion : These data revealed that Rhizoma Coptidis might have no significant effect on inflammation stress and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix(0.5g/kg/mouse) might have significant effect on inflammation stress.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2011

Corticosterone is known to modulate GABAergic synaptic transmission in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. However, the underlying receptor mechanisms are largely unknown. In the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA), the sympathoinhibitory center that project GABAergic neurons onto the PVN, we examined the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) of GABAergic neurons using intact GAD65-eGFP transgenic mice, and the effects of corticosterone on the burst firing using adrenalectomized transgenic mice. GR or MR immunoreactivity was detected from the subpopulations of GABAergic neurons in the AHA. The AHA GABAergic neurons expressed mRNA of GR (42%), MR (38%) or both (8%). In addition, in brain slices incubated with corticosterone together with RU486 (MR-dominant group), the proportion of neurons showing a burst firing pattern was significantly higher than those in the slices incubated with vehicle, corticosterone, or corticosterone with spironolactone (GR-dominant group; 64 vs. 11~14%, p<0.01 by $x^2$-test). Taken together, the results show that the corticosteroid receptors are expressed on the GABAergic neurons in the AHA, and can mediate the corticosteroid-induced plasticity in the firing pattern of these neurons. This study newly provides the experimental evidence for the direct glucocorticoid modulation of GABAergic neurons in the AHA in the vicinity of the PVN.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.223-223
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• 1996

Effects of Panax ginseng were tested on morphine-and steroids-induced immunosuppression, focusing on mechanism and identification of active components. To investigate overall effects of morphine and ginseng total saponin (GTS) on immune system, body weight and lymphoid organ weight were measured. Morphine significantly reduced body weight, spleen/body weight, and thymus/body weight ratio. GTS, at 100mg/kg (oral), restored spleen/body weight ratio. Because morphine is known to increase corticosterone level, serum corticosterone level was measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum corticosterone was increased by morphine and it was restored to the control level by GTS 100mg/kg (oral). In vitro proliferation studies were also conducted to study the effects of ginseng on steroids-induced immunosuppression. While ginsenoside Rg$_1$ and ginseng alkaloids were effective on proliferation and dexamethasone-induced death of thymocytes, 50% ginseng ethanol extract and polysaccharides were effective on splenocytes. In vivo mprohine-induced apoptosis of thymus was partly protected by GTS.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1992

항체 유도 염증 반응인 항체 매개형 과민 반응과 지연형 과민 반응은 족척 두께가 다당류에 의해 거의 정상 수준까지 회복되었다. anilline으로 유도한 methemoglobin의 함량도 거의 차이가 없었다. PFC/spleen cell과 PEC/$10^5$ slpeen cell의 경우 다소 증가를 나타내었으나, PEC는 뚜렷한 증가나 감소를 나타내지 않았으며, 적혈구 응집소가는 다소 증가하였으나 적혈구 용혈소가는 거의 차이가 없었다. 마우스의 plasma corticosterone의 농도는 사육실 및 다당류 투여에 따른 stress요소는 거의 없었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-starvation stress effect of Liriopis Tuber on mice. Method : The first experiment was done to mice which have a high corticosterone level at a short term starvation. The plasma corticosterone level of each mouse was measured over time at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 hours of starvation respectively. The second experiment was done in the two groups(LT A and LT B) of mice which were in famine for 36.5 hours after being administered Liriopis Tuber three times with different doses(LT A: 1.0 g/.kg and LT B: 3.0g/kg) for three days. The plasma corticosterone levels and rectal temperature were measured when a 36.5-hour of starvation period was finished. Results : 1. The corticosterone level in the mice was significantly increased after a 36.5-hour of starvation. (P<0.001). 2. The plasma corticosterone level was decreased significantly in the group of 3.0g/kg, compared to the control group.(P<0.05) 3. The rectal temperature in the groups of 1.0g/kg and 3.0g/kg were increased slightly in both group. But the two groups didn't show significant change. Conclusion: Based on the above results, Liriopis Tuber might have anti-starvation stress effect and it may be used as anti-starvation stress medicine and anti-stress medicine. Conclusion : Based on the above results, Liriopis Tuber might have anti-starvation stress effect and it may be used as anti-starvation stress medicine and anti-stress medicine.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1999

Anesthetic agents are useful in inducing the anesthesia for surgical operations and various biological experiments, but they can disturb the body homeostasis and cause the stress in animals. Much efforts have been directed on reducing such side effects of anesthesia. In this work, we measured the serum ACTH, corticosterone and glucose concentration in rabbits to compare the degree of stress induced by two commonly-used anesthetics, ketamine, xylazine, and the combination of xylazine and ketamine. 1. The anesthesia was induced in about 10 min in the rabbits treated with xyalzine, ketamine and xylazine-ketamine. The duration of complete loss of righting reflex were 12, 13 and 115 min in the groups treated with xylazine, ketamine and xylazine-ketamine, respectively. 2. Serum ACTH concentrations in all treatment groups were higher than those in control group. At 30 min after the administration of the drugs, serum ACTH levels in ketamine-treated group were significantly higher than those in control, xylazine- and xylazine-ketamine-treated groups. However, at 1, 2, 5 and 9 hours after the drug administration, serum ACTH levels in xylazine-treated-group were higher than those in control. 3. Serum corticosterone levels in xylazine- and xylazine-ketamine-treated groups were lower than those in control or ketamine-treated groups at 0.5 and 1 hour after the administration. However, at 5 and 9 hours after the administration, serum corticosterone levels in xylazine- and xylazine-ketamine-treated groups were significantly higher than those in ketamine-treated group or control. 4. Serum glucose levels transiently increased to 3 times of the pre-injection levels at 0.5 and 1 hours after the administration in xylazine or xylazine-ketamine-treated groin, but were not changed in control and ketamine-treated group. These results indicate that xylazine-induced stress lasts longer than ketamine-induced, suggesting that the difference in stress-related hormone levels during anesthesia could be due to the differences in modes of actions of individual drugs used and the depth of anesthesia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2015

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of Cervi Cornu and coenzymeQ10 on exercise and endurance capacity in rats and mice. Methods: The extract of Cervi Cornu was manufactured by the pharmacy department of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Hospital, and CoQ10 soft cap (Ildong Pharmaceutical) was used. In total, 24 rats and 30 mice were divided into 3 groups: Control (rat=8, mouse=10), CoQ10 alone (rat=8, mouse=10), Cervi Cornu extract, and CoQ10 (rat=8, mouse=10). Ergogenic effect was evaluated by administering the Cervi Cornu extract and coenzymeQ10 to rats and measuring the time to exhaustion during treadmill running; endurance capacity was assessed by measuring cold water swimming time, serum lactate level, and serum corticosterone level in each group. At 1 week from the end of treatment, we recalculated time to exhaustion during treadmill running in rats to investigate the long-term effect of the Cervi Cornu extract and coenzymeQ10. Results: Cervi Cornu extract has long-term benefits in that it preserves the ergogenic effect caused by exercise. Cervi Cornu and coenzymeQ10 have no effect on increasing cold water swimming time in ICR mice. CoenzymeQ10 decreases the serum corticosterone level in ICR mice performing cold water swimming test. Conclusions: Cervi Cornu seems to preserve the ergogenic effect caused by exercise, but a larger study is needed to investigate effect of Cervi Cornu and coenzymeQ10 on improving endurance capacity. CoenzymeQ10 decreases serum corticosterone level and it is related with the anti-psychological fatigue effect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1989

정상백서를 부신절제한 후 각각의 부신호르몬을 투여하여, 고탄수화물, 고지방, 고단백질식이가 부신절제 백서의 대사에 미치는 영향에 대해 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 혈당과 뇨당의 변화 혈당은 부신절제로 인하여 감소하였다. 부신절제된 백서는 고탄수화물식이를 했을 경우 혈당이 가장 높았고, corticosterone을 투여하면 고지방, 고단백 식이를 했을 경우 혈당이 유의적으로 증가하였다 (p<0.05). aldosterone을 투여하면 고지방식이를 했을 경우 유의적으로 감소하였으나 다른 식이의 경우는 큰 변화가 없었다. 2) 인슐린과 c-peptide의 변화 인슐린 농도는 corticosterone을 투여하면 고탄수 화물식이와 고단백식이를 했을 경우 대조군보다 낮았으나 유의성은 보이지 않았다. c-peptide농도 역시 corticosterone을 투여하면 감소하였고, aldosterone 투여는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 3) 총콜레스테롤과 중성지발 함량 총콜레스테롤 함량은 부신절제로 인하여 감소하였다. 중성지방 함량은 corticosterone을 투여하면, 고지방, 고단백식이를 했을 경우 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 4) 체무게와 식이섭취량 체무게와 식이섭취량은 부신절제로 인하여 감소 하였으나, 고지방식이를 했을 경우는 부신젤제효과가 작았다. corticoxterone을 투여하면 체무게와 식이섭취량이 증가하며, aldosterone은 영향을 미치지 못했다. 식이효율은 aldosterone과 corticoxterone의 투여가 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 5) 장기무게 Corticoxterone의 투여로 간의 무게가 식이에 상관없이 증가하였다. 그외의 콩팥, 비장, 고환의 무게는 큰 변화가 없었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2003

Quercetin and its sugar conjugates are the most abundantly distributed bioflavonoids and represent the largest proportion of flavonols in the plant kingdom. The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of quercetin on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of gastric ulcers in rats. Administration of quercetin in doses of 50, 100 and $200\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ twice daily for 5 days, showed dose dependent significant protection against ethanol (EtOH), aspirin (ASP), cold-restraint stress (CRS) and pylorus ligation (PL) -induced gastric ulcer models and the results were comparable with those elicited by sucralfate. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the stomach mucosa, an index of lipid peroxidation and regulation of plasma corticosterone were significantly increased in CRS-induced gastric ulceration. The queroetin $(100\;mg\;kg^{-1})$ and reduced glutathione effectively inhibited gastric lesions induced by CRS with a significant decrease in the lipid peroxidation and plasma corticosterone. These results indicate that quercetin a bioflavonoid exerts its antiulcer effect in light of free radical scavenging and plasma corticosterone in cold restraint stress ulcers.