• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3888-3910
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• 2018

As an increasing number of defense methods against control-data attacks are deployed in practice, control-data attacks have become challenging, and non-control-data attacks are on the rise. However, defense methods against non-control-data attacks are still deficient even though these attacks can produce damage as significant as that of control-data attacks. We present a method to defend against non-control-data attacks using influence domain monitoring (IDM). A definition of the data influence domain is first proposed to describe the characteristics of a variable during its life cycle. IDM extracts security-critical non-control data from the target program and then instruments the target for monitoring these variables' influence domains to ensure that corrupted variables will not be used as the attackers intend. Therefore, attackers may be able to modify the value of one security-critical variable by exploiting certain memory corruption vulnerabilities, but they will be prevented from using the variable for nefarious purposes. We evaluate a prototype implementation of IDM and use the experimental results to show that this method can defend against most known non-control-data attacks while imposing a moderate amount of performance overhead.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.35
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• pp.41-69
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• 2007

This study analyzes some important implications for the forthcoming revision of eUCP through the methodology of expected utility maximization theory. The overall results are as follows. First, beneficiary with an initial wealth has a risk-averse utility in traditional letter of credit transaction, and he would be more risk-averse in eUCP transaction. Secondly, the beneficiary who has risk-averse utility will pay for the risk premium to reduce the risk of corruption of an electronic record by means of cost of loss reduction activities. Thirdly, the cost of loss reduction activities is represented by a convex cost function, Fourthly, a risk averse beneficiary pursues loss reducing activities to the point where the expected marginal product of loss reduction is less than its marginal cost. Fifthly, a more risk-averse eUCP beneficiary will always select a higher level of loss reduction as long as the effectiveness of loss reduction is certain. Sixthly, when the effectiveness of loss reduction is uncertain, the more risk-averse eUCP beneficiary does not necessarily choose a higher level of loss reducing activities. Finally, it would be more reasonable that eUCP Article 11 should protect eUCP beneficiary who pursues a higher level of loss reducing activities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.175-183
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• 2020

This study explores the effect of trade of Information Communications Technology (ICT) products and government's role, measured by three factors: Control of corruption, Government effectiveness, and Administrative tax level, on raising the economy across the East Asia-Pacific region. Secondary data were collected from the World Bank database of 21 countries over 12 years from 2006 to 2017. Applying the Panel corrected standard error model and running a robustness check based on the Dynamic panel data method, this research found that the exported ICT products, control of corruption, and government effectiveness could increase the economic income of a country in the region. The paper also provided the evidence indicating that the imported ICT products and the Administrative tax level are two harmful factors for economic growth. The major finding confirmed the useful contribution on improving government quality and its economy. First, improving the economy of a country always poses various challenges to its government. During the past decades, although much of the literature confirmed that exporting ICT products could promote an economy, very few studies investigated the role of Administrative tax level and the Government effectiveness. Second, there are only a few studies exploring the capability of government and the economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.187-199
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• 2021

The research aims to measure the control procedures' effectiveness, followed by the University of Northern Borders employees. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to the target sample of financial and auditing affairs employees at the university, where the researcher followed the existing descriptive-analytical approach. The researcher relied on the field survey, and statistical analysis (spss) was used. The researcher has found that the control procedures used are highly efficient in reducing public money waste. The researcher has presented recommendations that may contribute to developing the work of oversight in combating waste of public money. These recommendations include: Increase the interaction between the General Oversight Office and the internal oversight departments at the University of Northern Borders, the incentives provided to the oversight and accounting staff for their efforts to combat public money waste. It encourages them to maintain public money and work to obliging employees to undertake training courses periodically to develop their skills and rehabilitate them in line with modern control procedures. Also, more studies and scientific research on the waste of public money and types of administrative and financial Corruption and the law in all state sectors and reach conclusions and recommendations will help decision-makers amend laws and regulations to serve the public benefit of the university and the state.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.335-343
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• 2021

This paper investigates the effect of institutional quality on FDI inflows by using FDI outflows from Asian countries from 2009 to 2017. We used the FDI data from five major Asian economies, which are South Korea, China, Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The gravity model was used to examine the effect of institutional quality on FDI flows. The regression model considers several independent variables, and we select the most appropriate variables by using the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) estimator. We have shown that foreign direct investment from Asian countries depends on the size of home and the partner countries, geographical distance, trade interaction between two countries, economic freedom, labor supply, tariff rate, and capacity of the government. The results of different estimation techniques emphasize that multinational enterprises prefer to invest in those countries which have a higher income, which shows the evidence for Lucas's paradox. The results also show that economic freedom and control of corruption have a positive impact on FDI inwards. The regression results show that better institutional quality in host countries encourages more FDIs from Asian economies. It suggests that the state should control corruption and create a free economic environment to attract FDIs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.78-87
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• 2015

Recently, Police integrity has been issued on the media, which cause discredit of police organization. Although high level of morality and integrity are required compared to other occupational groups due to their authority to exert legal force to the citizens and a variety of policies have been enforced by the National Police Agency for the purpose of uplifting the integrity of the officers, in reality, corruption had not yet been eradicated. At this point in time, this study attempted to draw implications for uplifting integrity by utilizing domestic and foreign preceding studies and statistical data related to police corruption and uplifting integrity. The inspection system through whistle-blowing was pointed out as a problem in the institutional framework that hinders uplifting integrity of the police officers and the perception in which police officers are regarded as potential criminals was also pointed out as a problem. Also, vague standards of disciplinary action in examining an offense of a police officer and lack of care for those who were disciplined in the past which affects loyalty to the organization were presented as problems. Based on such suggested concerns, policies for uplifting integrity and restoring citizens' trust in the policies officers were proposed. The proposed agenda were warning the police officers by presenting clear and specific category of corruptive behaviors, expressing the necessity of devising a system that prevents the officers from committing serious crimes by discovering problematic officers earlier through introduction of Early Warning System(EWS) of US and Australian police in order to break away from exposure-oriented inspection system, and reinforcing the testing of integrity in the new employment process.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-128
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• 2006

The present study investigated individuals' perception of important social issues in Korea. Based on previous research(Hahn, 1994; Hahn & Kang, 2000), a checklist containing 370 social issues was created. This checklist was administered to 1600 Koreans(812 college students, 788 adults) residing in 5 regional areas in Korea during the period of December 2004 and February 2005. Data were analyzed by the respondents' age, sex, and residing areas, and findings were compared to those of the two previous studies conducted in 1994 and 1999. Major findings of the study are as follows. First, across the three surveys, over 50% of the respondents consistently indicated the following four items as important social issues in the Korean society: political corruption, environmental pollution, the education system that is driven too much for college entrance, employment difficulty for local college graduates. Second, more than 50% of the respondents in the current survey indicated the following 12 items as important social issues that must be resolved: high unemployment rate, political corruption, environmental pollution, education system, overall difficulty of getting jobs, the nation's distrust in politics, hardships of life among the working classes, political incompetence, people with defective personal credit standings, employment difficulty for local college graduates, political instability, corruption of public servants. Third, analyses on the top 30 social issues across the three surveys revealed a positive and significant rank-order correlation for a five-year period(i.e., 1994-1999, 1999-2004), but not for a ten-year period(i.e., 1994-2004). Implications of the study and directions for future research are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.37-38
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• 2007

This paper reviews the issues in implementing sound recognizers in real environments. First is the signal corruption caused by background noises and reverberation. Second is the open-set problem which is the problem of rejecting out-of-vocabulary words and noises. These two issues must be solved for noise robust recognizers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2014

It has been raised a number of administrative ethic questions nevertheless of institutional strategy. It's even worse rather than solved. Especially, because of a distinctive family calture tradition that forming intimate bond, we're carrying lots of possibility of public corruption. As in the case of Busan Saving Bank recently, many of high-ranking officials are scouted to lawferm or business interest company After that this ex-officials exert their influence over government office. terminating public corruption. Lenient law enforcements as in the case of sponser prosecutor, social welfare budget embezzlement result in public distrust about anticorruption policy of government In conclutsion, for a best function of public service ethic system it's important to improve institutional problem constantly.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.63-82
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• 2017

This study explores the barrier factors of Chinese private-owned enterprises in overseas expansion in terms of corruption, political risk, market fluctuation, cultural difference, and firms resource endowments. To explore the existing practical backgrounds, it was investigated to private-owned enterprises dealing with foreign export companies where run business in Hohhot, Baotou and Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China. The result shows that the corruption and political risks of host countries do not have significant influence on business performance in 'Go global' strategy, while the market fluctuation of host countries has a negative effect on business performance. Cultural difference has a negative effect on business performance, and enterprises' resource endowments have a positive effect on business performance in 'Go global' strategy. Additionally, interviewees provide several substantial suggestions regarding the government policy and industry ecosystem to surmount the barriers of POEs' going global. Lastly, the authors discuss managerial implications and provide several suggestions for the future studies.