• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2020

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) and corruption on the development of public-service sectors in 10 ASEAN countries. It then investigates whether this relationship is different between two FDI compositions including greenfield FDI and FDI in the form of cross-border merger and acquisitions (M&As). Using a panel database of 10 ASEAN countries during the period 1996-2015 from various sources including the World Development Indicators of the World Bank and UNCTAD, we first find that FDI strongly and positively contributes to the development of the public-service sectors in the recipient nations, except for the electricity sector. However, we show that this relationship is dependent on the type of FDI modes of entry. Specifically, while greenfield investment exerts a beneficial influence on the development of telecommunication and transportation sectors, cross-border M&A has no effect on these sectors, perhaps because of the distinct differences among three public service sectors. Finally, we found that in a highly corrupt environment, aggregate FDI might have no influence on all three public-service sectors, possibly because the two contradictory influences of the interaction terms between corruption and two FDI sub-types seem to cancel each other out.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2008

공직사회의 부패는 사회전반의 부정부패를 가져올 수 있으며, 시민사회의 직접적인 대민 관계에 있어 행정에 대한 불신을 초래하여 점증적으로 사회적 비용의 증가를 가져올 수 있다. 일선 소방공무원들의 현장 경험을 토대로 한 청렴도 향상을 소방행정의 최우선 과제로 삼아 전체 소방공무원의 관심을 유도하고, 특히 점차 은밀하고 지능화 되고 있는 구조적 고질적 부패문제를 근원적으로 해결하기 위해서는 불합리한 제도와 시스템을 찾아 이를 개선해 나가는 노력이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 소방공무원의 부패요인과 부패실태를 조직적, 행태적, 환경적 측면으로 분석하고 문제점을 도출하여 이를 바탕으로 소방공무원의 청렴도 향상 방안을 제시하고자 함.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the nature of controlling shareholders and corporate anti-corruption practice disclosure (ACPD) as well as the mediating role of political background of the chairman or CEO of the firm on the relationship between the two. The content analysis was conducted to extract ACPD from standalone corporate social responsibility reports (CSRR) of 703 China's A-share listed companies. A dummy variable was constructed according to whether a firm disclosed ACPD or not. Logistic regression analysis was used then. Results show that the nature of controlling shareholders has a significant impact on corporate ACPD, with central enterprises disclosing the most frequently, local state-owned enterprises the second and private enterprises the least. Political background of the chairman or CEO has a negative impact on corporate ACPD of state-owned enterprises. These findings have some useful insights in understanding the rent-seeking behavior and information disclosure behavior of corporates in emerging markets. In order to curb the serious corruption problem which is commonplace in developing countries like China, the government should exert certain pressure to strengthen the supervision of information disclosure of listed firms and improve information transparency.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.665-672
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• 2021

The paper examines the impact of shadow economy and corruption, along with public expenditure, trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation, and tax revenue on the economic growth of the BRICS countries. Data were collected from the World Bank, Transparency International, and Heritage Foundation over the 1991-2017 period. The Bayesian linear regression method is used to examine whether shadow economy, corruption and other indicators affect the economic growth of countries studied. This paper applies the normal prior suggested by Lemoine (2019) while the posterior distribution is simulated using Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) technique through the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The results indicate that public expenditure and trade openness can enhance the BRICS countries' economic growth, with the positive impact probability of 75.69% and 67.11%, respectively. Also, FDI, inflation, and tax revenue positively affect this growth, though the probability of positive effect is ambiguous, ranging from 51.13% to 56.36%. Further, the research's major finding is that shadow economy and control of corruption have a positive effect on the economic growth of the BRICS countries. Nevertheless, the posterior probabilities of these two factors are 62.23% and 65.25%, respectively. This result suggests that their positive effect probability is not high.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1269-1275
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• 2021

The phenomenon of money laundering through capital market instruments and various investment instruments in it is a challenge for law enforcement officials, particularly the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in investigating money laundering crimes originating from corruption. This study aims to analyze comprehensively about: (1) implementation of policies on prevention and eradication of money laundering at the KPK in the context of handling money laundering on the capital market; and (2) an effective model for implementing policies to prevent and eradicate money laundering in the KPK in the context of handling money laundering on the capital market. By using a qualitative approach and Interactive Model analysis from Miles and Huberman, it was concluded that the results of the implementation of the policy of preventing and eradicating money laundering at the Corruption Eradication Commission in the context of handling money laundering crimes in the capital market had a positive impact on society, individuals and groups. The theoretical implications of the results of this study are related to the content of policy that is still relevant but for the context of implementation it needs to be refined or reconstructed by adding three elements, namely: communication, monitoring, and evaluation and security.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.157-188
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• 2012

본 연구는 '공직임용제도의 폐쇄성이 증가하면 공직 부패의 가능성이 높아질 것' 이라는 가설을 논리적으로 검토하고, 실증자료를 이용하여 검증한다. 공직임용제도의 폐쇄성/공직 부패 가설의 논거는 공직임용제도가 폐쇄적일수록 공직의 전임자와 후임자 간의 친밀도가 높아지게 되고, 민간은 전임자의 후임자에 대한 영향력을 통하여 후임자의 결정을 왜곡하려는 유인 때문에 퇴임공직자의 민간 재취업과 관련한 부정부패를 야기할 가능성을 높인다는 것이다. 반면, 공직 임용이 개방화되면 공직에서 민간으로, 민간에서 공직으로의 전직이 잦아져 전임자와 후임자 간의 친밀도가 낮아지고 전임자의 후임자에 대한 영향력 또한 낮아져 부패 가능성이 낮아진다. 이러한 가설을 검증하기 위해 본 연구는 국제 데이터와 국내 데이터를 이용하여 실증분석을 실시하였다. 국제 데이터 분석을 통해 공직임용제도의 폐쇄성이 높을수록 공직 부패가 증가함을 보였고, 국내 데이터를 분석하여 퇴직공무원의 민간 재취업은 규제부처와 사업부처일수록 활발하다는 점도 보였다. 이러한 분석 결과는 공직 부패를 줄이기 위해서 공직 임용을 각 부처별로 분권화하고 직급별 직위별 개방성을 높여야 하며, 특히 민간 재취업 등과 관련한 부패가 발생할 개연성이 높은 규제부처와 사업부처의 개방성을 제고하여야 함을 시사한다. 이와 같은 분석 결과는 행정부처뿐만 아니라 법원, 검찰과 같은 사법부, 더 나아가 민간기업의 조달조직 등에도 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.287-307
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• 2013

각 국가의 부패행위방지를 위한 제도적 혹은 법적인 노력은 국내차원을 넘어서 국제통상과 국제비즈니스에서도 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 그 대표적인 예가 미국의 연방법인 해외부패방지법(FCPA)이다. 지난 10년간 미 법무부는 해외부패방지법의 관할권을 끊임없이 확장하여 이제는 미국증권거래소에 등록된 한국기업도 그 영역 안에 들어가게 되었다. 또 다른 예는 투명성을 다룬 한미 FTA 협정문 제 21 장중에서 특히 부패방지에 대한 조항인 제 21.6 조다. 한미 FTA로 인해 우리 기업의 대미수출뿐만 아니라 미국 내 법인설립 및 대미투자도 크게 증가할 것을 예상하면 앞으로 더 많은 한국 기업이 미국 해외부패방지법이나 한미 FTA 제 21.6 조의 관할권에 들어갈 것으로 전망된다. 미국 해외부패방지법과 한미 FTA 제 21.6 조는 부패방지라는 공통된 목적이 있으나 그 내용에 있어서 유사점과 차이점을 보인다. 따라서 본 연구는 두 가지 법을 비교분석하여 우리 기업의 부패행위방지를 위한 가이드라인의 초석 마련에 기여하는 것에 그 목적을 둔다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.177-197
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• 2018

본 연구는 투자 대상국의 외부 불확실성이 다국적 기업의 해외진출 유형에 미치는 영향을 실증 분석하였다. 외부 불확실성 요인으로는 투자 대상국의 부패 정도와 정치적 위험 지수를 이용하였고, 해외진출 유형으로는 인수합병(M&A)과 그린필드 FDI(Greenfield foreign direct investment)를 고려하였다. 본 연구의 관심변수인 부패와 정치적 위험과 관련해서는 부패 수준이 낮고 정치적으로 안정될수록 M&A 투자가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 그린필드 FDI와 관련해서는 정치적 안정 변수만이 통계적으로 유의미한 양(+)의 값을 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 따라, M&A 유형은 부패와 정치적 위험 수준 모두에 민감하게 반응하지만, 그린필드 FDI는 투자 결과에 따라 사후적으로 매몰비용의 성격을 포함하므로 부패 수준보다는 투자 대상국의 정치적 안정성을 의미있고 강력하게 고려하는 것으로 추론된다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.48-68
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• 2017

Manual elections processes in Egypt have several negative effects; that mainly leads to political corruption due to the lack of transparency. These issues negatively influence citizen's participation in the political life; while electronic voting systems aim to increase efficiency, transparency, and reduce the cost comparing to the manual voting. The main research objectives are, finding the successful factors that positively affects E-voting implementation in Egypt, in addition of finding out the reasons that keep Egyptian government far from applying E-voting, and to come up with the road map that Egyptian government has to take into consideration to successfully implement E-voting systems. The findings of the study suggest that there are seven independent variables affecting e-voting implementation which are; leadership, government willingness, legal framework, technical quality, awareness, citizen's trust in government and IT literacy. Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theory was used to provide an analytical framework for the study. A quantitative approach (i.e., survey questionnaire) strategy was used to collect data. A random sampling method was used to select the participants for the survey, whom are targeted voters in Egypt and have access to the internet, since the questionnaire was distributed online and the data is analyzed using regression analysis. Practical implications of this study will lead for more citizen participation in the political life due to the transparency that E-voting system will create, in addition to reduce the political corruption.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2018

The Anti-corruption Law has been enforced since Sep. 28, 2016 to prevent public servants from colluding with people for political favors and financial gain by giving bribes to public servants. Generally, most people in Korea think that the law has had a positive effect on society. Under this law, people believe that our society has become more transparent. However, domestic producers think the law has had negative effects on the Korean livestock industry. Statistics from the domestic livestock industry show that the Hanwoo price has dropped after the law was enforced. This study attempts to show how livestock prices in the Korean livestock industry have changed after the enactment of the law. We chose three important livestock industries, Hanwoo, pork, and chicken, to determine and compare the effects of the law on them. For the analysis, we used a time-series model, VAR, to incorporate the interactions of the three industries. We selected the average wholesale prices of these industries. Daily prices during the last 5 years were used to estimate and forecast the impacts of the law. The results show that the price of Hanwoo decreased after the enforcement of the law; however, the other livestock prices did not decrease. Additionally, we clearly saw this negative effect on the Hanwoo industry during the high demand season and New Year's Day (solar and lunar together).