• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.228-233
• /
• 2002

In this study, Life Cycle Assessment method has been carried out the Corrugated board box in considering environmental aspects by quantifying the environmental emission and assessing its environmental impact potential. The system boundary in this study is selected from cradle to gate stage(raw material acquisition, raw material production and product manufacturing) of the paper product. To evaluate the environmental impact potential, impact categories are divided into 8 categories. As a results, abiotic resource depletion of the impact categories has the largest contribution to the total impact potential as 31.02% of total, Next were continued ecotoxicity having a contribution of 27.17%. In the life cycle, environmental impacts from law material production stage were contributed largely as 80.78%.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.02a
• /
• pp.41.1-41.1
• /
• 2010

복부 파형강판 PSC 박스거더는 상부와 하부에 콘크리트 슬래브를 갖고 있으며, 복부에만 강판이 사용되는 특수한 형태의 교량이다. 해당 형식의 비틀림 거동을 이해하기 위해서는 상, 하부 콘크리트의 비틀림 거동에 대해 먼저 분석한 후, 비틀림에 의한 전단변형률이 거더 단면의 모든 구간에서 동일하다는 적합조건을 이용하여 복부의 비틀림 거동을 이해해야 한다. 기존의 복부 파형강판을 갖는 PSC 박스거더에 대한 연구는 전단거동(Easley, 1969; Elgaaly et al., 1996; 문지호 외, 2004; 이종원 외, 2005) 및 휨 거동(Elgaaly et al., 1997; Abbas et al., 2006, 2007; 문지호 외 2008)에 대하여 수행되어 왔으며, 이러한 연구들은 파형강판 자체에 국한되는 경향이 있다. 특히나 전체 복합거더의 비틀림 거동에 대한 연구는 크게 부족한 상황이며, 기존의 연구(Mo et al., 2000)는 균열 발생 이후의 비틀림 거동에 대해서만 수행되었고, 슬래브가 갖는 인장 강도를 무시하였다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트의 비틀림 발생 이전과 이후를 모두 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였고, 이를 토대로 시행오차법이 적용된 해석 알고리즘을 제작하였으며, 유한요소해석을 통하여 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2002.02a
• /
• pp.304-310
• /
• 2002

배 포장용 골판지 상자의 자유낙하 실험을 통하여 완충재로써의 골판지 상자에 대한 충격력을 분석하기 위한 시스템을 구성하고 계측 및 분석용 컴퓨터 프로그램을 작성하여 자유낙하에 의한 배 골판지 포장상자의 충격력을 분석하였으며, 배 골판지 포장상자의 낙하높이에 따른 배의 손상정도는 낙하높이가 높아짐에 따라 손상이 심하고 낙하높이가 낮은 25cm에서도 진동에 의한 손상지수보다는 훨씬 큼을 알 수가 있었다. 이것은 자유낙하에 의한 골판지의 충격력이 배에 전달되어 멍이 발생하는 것으로, 진동에 의한 변위 증폭 및 압상에 의한 손상보다 낙하 충격력에 의한 손상이 더 큰 것을 알 수가 있었으며, 배 골판지 포장상자의 적재 및 하역 작업시에는 낮은 낙하높이에서도 포장상자를 떨어뜨리지 않도록 주의를 하여야 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2003.02a
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 2003

Fruits are subjected to complex dynamic stresses in the transportation environment. During a long journey form the production area to markets, there is always some degree of vibration present. Vibration inputs are transmitted from the vehicle through the packaging to the fruit. Inside, these cause sustained bouncing of fruits against each other and container wall. These steady state vibration input may cause serious fruit injury, and this damage is particularly severe whenever the fruit inside the package is free to bounce, and is vibrated at its resonant frequency. The determination of the resonant frequencies of the fruit may help the packaging designer to determine the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruit, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of fruit when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. (omitted)

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 1988

Ramyon(deep fat fried instant noodle with palm oil) preserved in sunlight, room temp. ($20{\pm}5^{\circ}C$), incubator ($30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and corrugated fiber board box to investigate the oxidative changes of the Ramyon lipids. In the study, changes in acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value, TBA value, fatty acid composition, iodine value and panel test were determined with the lipids extracted from the Ramyon samples in intervals for a period of 20 weeks. Acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value and TBA value of the Ramyon lipid were increased slightly during the storage in aluminum foil package in the corrugated fiber board box in the dark room. They did not appear the oxidative rancid odor at the end of 20 weeks storage. Acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value and TBA value of the samples under room temp., incubator slightly during storage, while a sharp increase of those values were noticed with the samples of sunlight. Especially, the TBA value of the Ramyon lipid under sunlight markedly increased within 14 weeks and then decreased. Oxidative rancid odor appeared at the end of 10 weeks storage under sunlight, while it took 18 weeks with the sample stored under room temp. and incubator. During the storage under incubator and sunlight for 18 weeks, the content of oleic, linoleic acid decreased, while palmitic and stearic acid increased. However, only small changes were noticed in iodine value of the samples.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the commercialized packaging status of tomato and paprika, and to investigate the effect of different packaging materials on the quality of tomato and paprika during storage. Packaging statuses were surveyed at a department store, wholesale market, and supermarket in Seoul, Korea. Materials used for packaging tomato and paprika were cartons, polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Tomato and paprika were packaged by using corrugated boxes, Styrofoam trays, PP film, and PVC film. The weight loss and hardness of non-packaged tomato and paprika were significantly different after 48 hr to the initial values (p<0.05). Box-packaged tomatoes had the lowest pH values and showed significantly higher soluble solid contents (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in among other packaging materials. For paprika, the ${\Delta}E$ values of PVC wrapping were higher than those of other packagings. Hence, the results demonstrated that a corrugated box with PP film and PP film bags with four holes plus wire-tying were most able to maintain the overall qualities of tomato and paprika, respectively, during storage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 1972

Fried instant noodles, manufactured on laboratory scale, preserved in sunlight, room temperature, removed package, at $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and corrugated fiber board box to investigate the oxidative stability of fried products under a few factors of storage for 150 days. And obtained results were as follow. 1) Peroxide value P.O.V. and Acid value A.V. of fried instant noodles were increased slightly during the storage in orange color polycello package in the corrugated fiber board box in the dark room as shown in Fig. 1 and 2. They had not rancid odor and showed P.O.V. 18.8 after 150 days. 2) Preserving in room temperature removed package or with polycello package exposed to sunlight, P.O.V. and A.V. increased rapidly up to 100, 5 and they had rancid odor within 30 days. 3) Peroxide value showed increasing tendency on the storage at $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and scattered light and rancid odor appeared from 90 to 120 days. 4) As peroxide value and refractive index increased, iodine value were decreased as Fig. 3. 5) In these test, P.O.V. is correlated with the organoleptic evaluation of rancidity however, they were not coincided exactly.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.762-766
• /
• 2006

To improve water resistance of paperboard used to manufacture the corrugated boxes, effect of surface coating of the liner- board with Na-alginate was investigated by determining the optimum processing conditions such as a optimum alginate concentration for surface coating, plasticizer content, concentration of divalent cations their immersion times, For the surface coating of the liner-board, 2.5% Na-alginate solution was found to be the optimum concentration, and the concentration of glycerol used as plasticizer was effective when 35% alginate concentration was use was Used Immersion of the alginate coated paperboard for 3 min in a $CaCl_2$ solution improved the water resistance properties. As a divalent cation for the insolubilization of the alginate films, $Cu^{2+}$ was found to be as effective as $Ca^{2+}$. Among the platicizers tested, sorbitol was the most effective in reducing water vapor permeability and water solubility of alginate coated paperboard.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.324-329
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The finite element method (FEM) is advantageous because it can save time and cost by reducing the number of samples and experiments in the effort to identify design factors. In computational problem-solving it is necessary that the exact material properties are input for achieving a reliable analysis. However, in the case of fiber boards, it is difficult to measure their cross-directional material properties because of their small thickness. In previous research studies, the Poisson's ratio was measured by analyzing ultrasonic wave velocities. Recently, the Poisson's ratio was measured using a high-speed digital camera. In this study, we measured the transverse strain of a fiber board and calculated its Poisson's ratio using a high-speed digital camera in order to apply these estimates to a FEM analysis of a fiber board, a corrugated board, and a corrugated box. Methods: Three different fiber board samples were used in a uniaxial tensile test. The longitudinal strain was measured using the Universal Testing Machine. The transverse strain was measured using an image processing method. To calculate the transverse strain, we acquired images of the fiber board before the test onset and before the fracture occurred. Acquired images were processed using the image processing program MATLAB. After the images were converted from color to binary, we calculated the width of the fiber board. Results: The calculated Poisson's ratio ranged between 0.2968-0.4425 (Machine direction, MD) and 0.1619-0.1751 (Cross machine direction, CD). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that measurement of the transverse properties of a fiber board is possible using image processing methods. Correspondingly, these processing methods could be used to measure material properties that are difficult to measure using conventional measuring methodologies that employ strain gauge extensometers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2013

From the time the product is manufactured until it is carried and ultimately used, the product is subjected to some form of handling and transportations. During this process, the product can be subjected to many potential hazards. One of them is the damage caused by shocks. In order to design a product-package system to protect the product, the peak acceleration or G force to the product that causes damage needs to be determined. When a corrugated fiberboard box loaded with products is dropped onto the ground, part of the energy acquired due to the action of the gravitational acceleration during the free fall is dissipated in the product and the package in various ways. The shock absorbing characteristics of the packaging cushion materials are presented as a family of cushion curves in which curves showing peak accelerations during impacts for a range of static loads are shown for several drop heights. The new method for determining the shock absorbing characteristics of cushioning materials for protective packaging has been described and demonstrated. It has been shown that cushion curves can be produced by combining the static compression and impact characteristics of the material. The dynamic factor was determined by the iterative least mean squares (ILMS) optimization technique in which the discrepancies between peak acceleration data predicted from the theoretical model and obtained from the impact tests are minimized. The approach enabled an efficient determination of cushion curves from a small number of experimental impact data.