• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2001

This study was done to investigate the relation of smoking temptation, stage of change in smoking cessation, nicotine dependency and perceived health status in middle aged men. Convenience samples of 176 subjects who were either smoked or used to smoke, aged between 30 to 64, living in Seoul and Kyungi province area in Korea were selected for the study. The data was collected from December 1, 1999 to June 30, 2000. The research instrument were Stage of Change of Smoking Cessation Measure (DiClemente et al. 1991). Smoking Temptation Measure (Velicer, DiClemente, Rossi, Prochaska. 1990), Perceived Health Status Measure (McDowell & Newell, 1996), and Nicotine Dependency Scale (FTQ: Fagerstrom, 1978). The data were analyzed using the SAS Program. The result of the study are as follows : 1. The analysis of variance and multiple comparison showed that according to the stage of change, there were significant mean differences in the three sub-factors of smoking temptation; 'positive affect situation (F=12.64, p=.0001)', 'negative affect situation (F=16.01, p=.0001)', 'habitual craving situation (F=14.43, p=.0001)' and nicotine dependency (F=4.12, p=.0033) The mean score for smoking temptation for the subjects who were in the precontemplation stage outweighed the mean score for smoking temptation for subjects who were in the maintenance stage. 2. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that negative affect situation was the most influential variable of the smoking temptation sub-factors which can be used to discriminate stage of change. 3. The analysis of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there was a significant positive relation between nicotine dependency and negative affect situation of smoking cessation((r=0.2182, p=0.0045) and a significant negative relation between nicotine dependency and perceived health status(r=-0.2115, p=0.0059).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.431-442
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• 2016

Purpose: This paper was conducted to validate the Korean version of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale (PGCIS-K) that measures caring behaviors as experienced by nursing students. Methods: Translation of the PGCIS-K was validated through forward-backward translation methods. Survey data were collected from 218 nursing students in a nursing school. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Internal consistency and the Guttman split-half coefficient were calculated to assess reliability. Results: The PGIS-K showed reliability except for 4 items (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.91$, Guttman split-half coefficient=.85), which were low (<.30) or negatively correlated with the total scale. A 12-item reduced form of the PGCIS-K was developed by item-analysis and construct validity evidence. Factor loading for the 12 items on 2 factors ranged from .47~.82, which explained 58.4% of the total variance. Two factors were named 'modeling and assistance (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.87$)' and 'communication and sharing (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.82$)'. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity were supported according to the correlation coefficients of the 2 factors with other measure. Conclusion: The findings suggest preliminary evidence that the 12-item PGCIS-K can be used to measure nursing students' peer group caring interactions in Korea. Additional studies are recommended to continue the psychometric evaluation of this scale. Also, it can be extended to measure graduate nursing students or staff nurses' peer group caring interaction.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2018

Various data analysis methods used for customer type analysis are very important for game companies to understand their type and characteristics in an attempt to plan customized content for our customers and to provide more convenient services. In this paper, we propose a k-mode cluster analysis algorithm that uses information uncertainty by extending information entropy to reduce information loss. Therefore, the measurement of the similarity of attributes is considered in two aspects. One is to measure the uncertainty between each attribute on the center of each partition and the other is to measure the uncertainty about the probability distribution of the uncertainty of each property. In particular, the uncertainty in attributes is taken into account in the non-probabilistic and probabilistic scales because the entropy of the attribute is transformed into probabilistic information to measure the uncertainty. The accuracy of the algorithm is observable to the result of cluster analysis based on the optimal initial value through extensive performance analysis and various indexes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2017

Background: Radiation is used in a variety of areas, but it also poses potential risks. Although radiation is often used with great effectiveness in many applications, people perceive potential risks associated with radiation and feel anxious about the possibility of radiation exposure. Various methods of measuring radiation doses have been developed, but there is no way for the general public to measure their doses with ease. Currently, many people use smartphones, which provide information about the location of an individual phone through network connections. If a smartphone application could be developed for measuring radiation dosage, it would be a very effective way to measure individuals' radiation doses. Thus, we conducted a survey study to assess the social acceptance of such a technology by the general public and their intent to use that technology to measure radiation doses, as well as to investigate whether such an intention is correlated with anxiety and attitudes toward the use of radiation. Materials and Methods: A nationwide online survey was conducted among 355 Koreans who were 20 years old or older. Results and Discussion: Significant differences were found between the genders in attitudes, perceptions of radiation risk, and fears of exposure to radiation. However, a significant difference according to age was observed only in the intent to use a smartphone dose measurement application. Attitudes towards the use of radiation exerted a negative effect on radiation risk perception and exposure anxiety, whereas attitudes towards the use of radiation, risk perception, and anxiety about exposure were found to have a positive impact on the intent to use a smartphone application for dose measurements. Conclusion: A survey-based study was conducted to investigate how the general public perceives radiation and to examine the acceptability of a smartphone application as a personal dose monitoring device. If such an application is developed, it could be used not only to monitor an individual's dose, but also to contribute to radiation safety information infrastructure by mapping radiation in different areas, which could be utilized as a useful basis for radiation research.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.20
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• pp.21-47
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• 1999

According to damage of papers by the chemical cause, papers become to acidify. Among the 3 kinds of method measuring the acidity of paper, one was nondestructive method measuring the surface of the paper by flat type electrode and the others were destructive methods measuring directly by cold water extract method and hot water extract method. In case of the cellulolytic cultural properties, the latter methods were not applied because those methods must bedissociated papers. To measure the paper acidity nondestructively, we investigated the correlation of the nondestructive method and the destructive methods. The conclusions are as follows. 1) In the relationship of the cold water extract method and the hot water extract method, It was indicated that the pH measured by the hot water extract method was high quality printing paper 0.08, rough printing paper 0.13, and Korean paper 0.29 higher than that by the cold water extract method.2) In the relationship of the cold water extract method and the surface measurement method, It showed that the pH value measured by the cold water extract method was high quality printing paper 1.86, rough printing paper 0.80,and Korean paper 0.58 higher than value that by the surface measurement.3) In the relationship of the hot water extract method and the surface measurement method, It showed that the pH value measured by the hot ABSTRACT water extract method was high quality printing paper 1.78, rough printing paper 0.66, and Korean paper 0.29 higher than that by the surface measurement. From the above-mentioned results, the pH value measured by the surface measurement was need to high about 1.78∼1.86 in high quality printing paper, 0.66-0.80 in rough printing paper, and 0.29∼0.58 in Korean paper and the surface measurement with flat type electrode was very available to measure the acidity of Korean papers actually.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.181-192
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the factorial structure of clothing purchase motives, and to examine the relationship between clothing purchase motives, self-concept, and post-purchase clothing satisfaction of males. Questionnaire was comprised of three sections: 25 Likert type statements of clothing purchase motive measure; post-purchase clothing satisfaction measure; and three self-concepts measure(physical, personal, and social self-concept). For the measurement of self-concepts, a portion of‘Self-Concept Scale’by Wonshik Chung was used. Samples were 312 male white collar workers in Seoul, whose age were ranged from 20 to 39. the data were analyzed using factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were the followings: 1. Six factors of clothing purchase motives derived by factor analysis. 21 items having a factor loading of ± .40 or higher were given consideration in the interpretation of each factor: F.1‘clothing dsign’; F.2‘fashion and impulsive buying’, F.3‘clothing utility’; F.4‘others influence’: F.5‘financial margin’; F.6‘clothing’2. Male consumers perceived the purchase motive of‘clothing design’to be the most important,‘clothing deficiency’the second important, and‘others influence’the least important. 3. Physical, personal, and social self-concept had positive relations to the purchase motive of‘clothing design’and negative relations to the‘clothing deficiency’. Physical self-concept had negative relation to the motive of‘others influence’. 4. Male consumers high in physical, personal, and social self-concept had more positive attitude in the evaluation of post-purchase clothing satisfaction. 5. Post-purchase clothing satisfaction was influenced most by the purchase motive of‘clothing design’, and next by physical self-concept, and age. Age of subjects had negative relation to post-purchase clothing satisfaction. The explanatory power of the 3 variables was 19.9%.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2021

Mooring systems are among the most important elements employed to control the motion of floating offshore structures on the sea. Considering the use of polymer material, a new method is proposed to address the creep characteristics rather than the method of using a tension load cell for measuring the tension of the mooring line. This study uses a synthetic mooring rope made from a polymer material, which usually consists of three parts: center, eye, and splice, and which makes a joint for two successive ropes. We integrate the optical sensor into the synthetic mooring ropes to measure the rope tension. The different structure of the mooring line in the longitudinal direction can be used to measure the loads with the entire mooring configuration in series, which can be defined as SMART (Smart Mooring and Riser Truncation) mooring. To determine the characteristics of the basic SMART mooring, a SMART mooring with a diameter of 3 mm made of three different polymer materials is observed to change the wavelength that responds as the length changes. By performing the longitudinal tension experiment using three different SMART moorings, it was confirmed that there were linear wavelength changes in the response characteristics of the 3-mm-diameter SMART moorings. A 54-mm-diameter SMART mooring is produced to measure the response of longitudinal tension on the center, eye, and splice of the mooring, and a longitudinal tension of 100 t in step-by-step applied for the Maintained Test and Fatigue Cycle Test is conducted. By performing a longitudinal tension experiment, wavelength changes were detected in the center, eye, and splice position of the SMART moorings. The results obtained from each part of the installed sensors indicated a different strain measurement depending on the position of the SMART moorings. The variation of the strain measurement with the position was more than twice the result of the difference measurement, while the applied external load increased step-by-step. It appears that there is a correlation with an externally generated longitudinal tensional force depending on the cross-sectional area of each part of the SMART mooring.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.248-256
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among functional evaluation systems, the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and the functional status (WeeFIM) in children with spastic cerebral palsy and to provide the foundation data about MACS for evaluation system of hand function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. For this, sixty children with spastic cerebral palsy were employed in this study. The sixty children were evaluated by using the MACS for their hand function and by using the GMFCS for their motor function. The functional status were assessed by using the Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM). There were a significant correlation between the MACS and the GMFCS (r =.659, p <.05). The good correlation between the MACS and WeeFIM was found (r = -.576, p <.05). The functional status according to the hand function level evaluated by using the MACS were different significantly (p <.05). The MACS in practice will provide usefulness for assessment of hand function in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.177-203
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• 2014

This thesis is to figure out the influences of children's gender, educational level of parents, educational participation of the mother, teaching method of teacher and literacy conditions of home and class on preschool children's school readiness. The objects of this study are 141 preschool children under 5 years old, 141 parents and 42 class teachers. Test for School Readiness, Measure of Mother's Educational Participation, Measure of Teacher's Teaching Method, and Measures of Literacy Condition of Home and Class are used as a studying tool. Collected materials were analyzed by Three-way ANOVA, Correlation analysis of Spearman, product-moment correlation analysis of Pearson, and phased regression analysis. The results are as follows: First, there are meaningful differences between the gender of children and mother's educational level for the school readiness. Second, except for the home's literacy condition, children's gender, educational level of parents, educational participation of mother, teaching method of teacher and literacy conditions of class show the meaningful positive correlation with the children's school readiness. Third, the adaptive zone, which is the subordinated zone, is affected by the gender of children, and the knowledge zone is influenced by the mother's educational level most. These results will be useful for the basic data that can help to promote school readiness for children's parents and teachers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1365-1378
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• 1999

This study is a methodological research study to develop an instrument to measure in patients with cancer and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. The research procedure was as follows : 1) The first step was to develop conceptual framework based on a comprehensive review of the literature and in-depth interviews with patients with cancer. This conceptual framework was organized in to three dimensions (the intrapersonal dimension, the significant-other and context related dimension, the transcendental dimension). Initially 59 items were adopted. 2) These items were analyzed through the index of content validity(CVI) and 53 items were selected which met more than 80% on the CVI. 3) The pretest was carried out with 87 patients with cancer. After the pretest results were analyzed by item analysis, 44 items were selected. A second test of content validity was conducted and 6 items were eliminated considering the 80% CVI. 4) To test for reliability and validity, data collection was done during the period from January 25, 1999, to February 26, 1999. The subjects for the test were 160 patients with cancer and 185 healthy persons. analysis, item analysis and multitrait-multimethod method to analyze validity. The findings are as follows : 1) The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .92 for the total 38 items and .79, .82, .85, for the three dimensions in that order. 2) The item analysis was based on the corrected item to total correlation coefficient( .30 or more) and information about the alpha estimate if this item was dropped from the scale. 3) As a result of the initial factor analysis using principal component analysis and varimax rotation, one item was deleted because of factor complexity (indiscriminate factor loadings). In the secondary factor analysis, 7 factors with eigenvalue of more than 1.0 were extracted and these factors explained 56 percents of the total variance. The seven factors were labeled as 'family relationship', 'emotional condition', 'physical discomfort', 'meaning and goal of life', 'contextual stimuli', 'change of body image', 'guilt feelings'. 4) The convergence effect between this instrument and the life satisfaction scale was identified and there was significant positive correlation(r= .52, p= .00). The discriminant validity between this instrument and the depression scale(CES-D) was tested and there was significant negative correlation(r= -.50, p= .00). The instrument for accessing the suffering of patients with cancer developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this tool can be effectively utilized for assessment in caring for patients with cancer.