• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.146-152
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• 1987

Sorghum cv. Pioneer 93 1, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cv. Sioux and maize plant cv. Blizzard were assayed for toxic concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) and their relationship to morphological characteristics and environmental temperature in a field and phytotron trial. In the phytotron, sorghum and maize plants ranging from emergence to heading stage, were grown under different day/night temperatures of 30125, 25/20,28/18 and 1818 degree C. Nitrate-nitrogen in sorghum and maize plants was accumulated mainly in stems. Therefore nitrate concentration in the young plants was increased as development of stalks advanced and was highest at the stage of 3-4 leaves, when the plants had a leaf weight ratio 0.78-0.80 g/g plant weight. However, nitrate concentrations of the plant decreased as morphological development progressed, especially from the stage of growing point differentiation. Correlation coefficients showed a positive correlation of nitrate concentration with leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area, while plant height, dry matter percentage and absolute growth rate showed a negative association with TEX>$NO_3$-N ($P{\le}0.1$%). Cyanogenic glycosides, total nitrogen and crude protein were close associated with nitrate accumulation, and positively significant ($P{\le}0.1$%). High temperature over 30/25^{\circ}C.$ for 3 weeks increased N-uptake and dry matter accumulation, but reduced nitrate concentration. Under cold temperature below 18/8^{\circ}C.$ concentration of nitrate-N was increased in spite of its limited nitrogen uptake and plant growth.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 1985

The present study was designed to investigate biosynthetic patterns of polysaccharides under catabolic repression and derepression in Saccharomyces uvarum. Correlation coefficients between polysaccharide synthesis and polyphosphate accumulation were examined, according to the culture phase and under various phosphate concentrations (free, limited, sufficient). During catabolic derepression, biosynthesis of glycogen was enhanced. rapidly and highly in the cells grown on minimal medium, compared with those grown on the complete medium. Acid soluble glycogen type was the main component of total glycogen and alkali soluble glycogen was synthesized in small amount, after 24 hr culture, at the time of almost exhaustion of sugar in the medium. Total glycogen was accumulated highly in proportion to the amount of phosphate added to the medium. It could be postulated that type 'C' isoenzyme among ALPase was directly or indirectly correlated with the glucan synthesis. Mannan synthesis indicated maximal amount at the early exponential phase and stationary phase, and also acid soluble sugars at the stationary phase. Correlation coefficient between the mannan synthesis and poly-p-'C' accumulation, and also between mannan synthesis and phospholipid content indicated 0.866 and 0.726, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1093-1102
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• 2005

Effects of abscisic acid(ABA) and temperature on the anthocyanin accumulation and phenylalanine ammonia Iyase(PAL) activity were investigated in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. In time course study, exogenous application of ABA $(50-1000\;{\mu}M)$ led to a noticeable increase in anthocyanin pigments which persisted over the following 5 days. Anthocyanins increased in concert with the chlorophyll loss. The activity of PAL, a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, increased on exposure to ABA and reached maximum on the 4th day, This result shows that anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity have a close physiological relationships. In the effects of temperatures ($10^{\circ}C,\;17^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C$and $30^{\circ}C$) on anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activity in seedlings, a moderate-low temperatures ($17^{\circ}C$) enhanced both anthocyanin content and PAL activity, whereas elevated temperatures ($30^{\circ}C$) showed low levels of anthocyanin and PAL activity, suggesting a correlation between temperature-induced anthocyanin synthesis and the accumulation of PAL mRNA. Simultaneous application of ABA with temperatures Induced higher anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity in seedlings than ABA or temperature stress alone. Moderate-low temperature with ABA exposure elicited the maximal induction of anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity. Therefore, ABA treatment significantly increased thermotolerance in .A. thalinan seedlings. Ethephon and ABA showed similar mode of action in physiological effects on anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activity. Our data support that anthocyanins may be protective in preventing damage caused by environmental stresses and play an important role in the acquisition of freezing tolerance.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.27-42
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• 2018

It is important to identify the contaminant sources and to evaluate the fate and transport of heavy metals to crops in agricultural lands. This study was conducted to evaluate metal sources and its transfer and accumulation to crop in agricultural soils. Pollution indices were calculated and multivariate analysis was performed to identify metal sources. To evaluate transfer and accumulation of metals to crops, the contents of phytoavailable metals were evaluated by using single extraction method and the correlation between metal content and soil properties was analyzed. Also the BCF was quantitatively evaluated for investigating the metal transition to each crop grown in the research area. As a result, Cr, Ni, and Co were expected to be mainly derived from geologic factors due to weathering of certain parent rocks. The content of nickel in soils of the research area was slightly higher than that of the concern level criteria based on total concentration, but the amount transferred and accumulated in the crops was actually low. Understanding the contamination characteristics by investigating the pollution sources of heavy metals and its transfer and accumulation to crops through various evaluation techniques could provide important information for proper management of the agricultural land.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of Colonial bentgrass and thatch accumulation under no removing clipping residues. Nitrogen fertilization was applied as 4 levels, 10, 20, 25 and 20gN/m$^2$, respectively. The results were as follows : 1.Response of plant length and dry weight of thatch to N fertilization were significant differences between N levels. It suggested that N fertilization with no clipping residues greatly affected to the growth and thatch accumulation of colonial bentgrass.2.Plant length, the dry weight of clipping residues and coverage were obtained the highest values at 20g N. It was assumed that 20gN/m$^2$ is the limiting N level to obtain the favorable growth of Colonial bentgrass. 3.The dry weight of thatch and lignin content were increased with high nitrogen fertilization level. 4.The dry weight of thatch indicated positive significant correlation with lignin content. 5. The dry weight of thatch per N(THg/N) at 20g~25g/m$^2$ levels were obtained the lowest values than of other levels of N. It may be due to the stimulating of microbial activity by adequate to N fertilizers which increased mineralization of thatch.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2018

Learning data is composed of 100 characters with 10 different fonts, and test data is composed of 10 characters with a new font that is not used for the learning data. In order to consider the variety of learning data with several different fonts, 10 learning masks are constructed by accumulating pixel values of same characters with 10 different fonts. This process eliminates minute difference of characters with different fonts. After finding maximum values of learning masks, test data is expanded by multiplying these maximum values to the test data. The algorithm calculates sum of differences of two corresponding pixel values of the expanded test data and the learning masks. The learning mask with the smallest value among these 10 calculated sums is selected as the result of the recognition process for the test data. The proposed algorithm can recognize various types of fonts, and the learning data can be modified easily by adding a new font. Also, the recognition process is easy to understand, and the algorithm makes satisfactory results for character recognition.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.223-230
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• 2007

Nowaday, for the promotion of producing forest trees, production of excellent timbers, and build-up of public forest area, it is on the increase of the thinning-forest for artificial forest, natural forest, eco-friendly forest, and the forest for development and improvement of forest resources nationwide. Even though the thinning-forest is applied around 180,000ha every year, the quantity of collected/used products is only 18,000ha $(240,000m^3)$ which is 10% of the whole thinning-forest area. Meanwhile, some reports represent that the left products after thinning-forest might increase the severity of forest fire and the waste of resources. Therefore, this study focused on the analysis of correlation between the accumulated products after thinning-forest and forest fire, and providing a preparation plan for the forest fire.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1059-1068
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• 2022

A Post-Quantum Cryptographic algorithm NTRU, which is designed by considering the computational power of quantum computers, satisfies the mathematically security level. However, it should consider the characteristics of side-channel attacks such as power analysis attacks in hardware implementation. In this paper, we verify that the private key can be recovered by analyzing the power signal generated during the decryption process of NTRU. To recover the private keys, the Simple Power Analysis (SPA), Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) and Differential Deep Learning Analysis (DDLA) were all applicable. There is a shuffling technique as a basic countermeasure to counter such a power side-channel attack. Neverthe less, we propose a more effective method. The proposed method can prevent CPA and DDLA attacks by preventing leakage of power information for multiplication operations by only performing addition after accumulating each coefficient, rather than performing accumulation after multiplication for each index.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of profile disturbance with different artificial accumulation history on physico-chemical properties of soil under plastic film house. The investigations included soil profile description using soil column cylinder auger F10cm x h110cm, in situ and laboratory measurements of soil properties at five sites each at the cucumber (Site Ic ~ Vc) and grape (Site Ig ~ Vg) plastic film houses with artificial soil accumulation. The sites except sites Ic, IVc, IVg and Vg, belong to ex-paddy area. The types of accumulates around root zone included sandy loam soil for 3 sites, loam soil for 1 site, saprolite for 2 sites, and multi-layer with different accumulates for 3 sites. Especially, Site IIg has mixed plow zone (Ap horizon) with original soil and saprolite, whereas disturbed soil layers of the other sites are composed of only external accumulates. The soil depth disturbed by artificial accumulation ranged from 20 cm, for Site IIg, to whole measured depth of 110 cm, for Site IVc, Vc, and Site IVg. Elapsed time from artificially accumulation to investigation time ranged from 3 months, Site IIc, to more than 20 years, Site Vg, paddy-soil covering over well-drained upland soil during land leveling in 1980s. Disturbed top layer in all sites except Site Vg had no structure, indicating low structural stability. In situ infiltration rate had no correlation with texture or organic matter content, but highest value with highest variability in Site IIIc, the shortest elapsed time since sandy loam soil accumulation. Relatively low infiltration rate was observed in sites accumulated by saprolite with coarse texture, presumably because its low structural stability in the way of weathering process could result in relatively high compaction in agro-machine work or irrigation. In all cucumber sites, there were water-transport limited zone with very low permeable or impermeability within 50 cm under soil surface, but Site IIg, IIIg, and Vg, with relatively weak disturbance or structured soil, were the reverse. We observed the big change in texture and re-increase of organic matter content, available phosphate, and exchangeable cations between disturbed layer and original soil layer. This study, therefore, suggest that the accumulation of coarse material such as saprolite for cultivating cash crop under plastic film house might not improve soil drainage and structural stability, inversely showing weaker disturbance of original soil profile with higher drainage.

• Geosystem Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.243-250
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• 2018

This study investigated nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) accumulation due to FA (Free Ammonia: $NH_3$) inhibition in an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic (AOA) process reactor to mainly treat wastewater containing 302-610 mg/L of $NH_3/NH_4{^+}-N$. Based on an experimental operation focusing on the nitrification, it was observed that $NO_2{^-}$ was accumulated in the aerobic nitrification zone as pH increased, due to inhibition of $NO_2{^-}$ conversion to $NO_3{^-}$ by FA. This result implied FA inhibition to NOB ($NO_2{^-}$-Oxidizing Bacteria) for converting $NO_2{^-}$ to $NO_3{^-}$. The objective of this study is to develop a feasible monitoring procedure for early detection of the FA inhibition toward $NO_2{^-}$ accumulation and poor nitrification. Thus, in order to rapidly assess FA concentrations, an $NH_3$ probe was utilized to measure $NH_3$ concentrations together with applying a simple model prediction using the measured $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations, the Henry's law constant of $NH_3$ and measured pH. The predictive model $NH_3$ levels were verified by a good correlation (89%) with the corresponding measured data, but the model prediction underestimated FA concentrations at less than 7.4 and a little overestimated at pH above 7.5. Interestingly, accumulated $NO_2{^-}$ levels were roughly correlated with FA levels that were observed at delayed time points. This reflects the detected FA levels can be good indicators of $NO_2{^-}$ levels with some delayed time. $NO_2{^-}$ accumulation started at measured FA concentrations of higher than approximately 3 mg/L and ceased below that FA level.