• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.25-35
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how much continuous investment in human capital contributes to increasing labor productivity at not only individual companies but also at the national level, and causes fundamental as well as increases for labor-management conflicts. The current research aimed to empirically demonstrate the importance of human capital investment and furthermore, based on the effect of human resource investment on labor productivity, also re-examine the role of the Labor Commission as well. Research design, data, and methodology: This study was conducted by the Korea Information Service-Financial Accounting System (KIS-FAS) using representative panel data operated by countries to measure whether long-term investment in corporate human resources affects labor productivity. Results: Two distinctive summarized results of the analysis in the Korea Credit Ratings data showed that there was a high positive correlation between corporate human resource investment and economic performance for a ten-year period from 2009 to 2018. Conclusions: The present study concluded that the role of the labor committee should be effectively formed by the labor as a mediation agency and that the role of the mediation committee members should focus more on how to strengthen the human resources management of the union.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Korean Wave on consumer intentions by adjusting the Korean image and image of Korean company to counterbalance the hostility through the control effect of Korean Wave. Research design and methodology - This paper measure individual and national hostility and suggest that the effect of the adjustment of Korean culture satisfaction on corporate image, product image and consumer's purchase intention. Results - This study suggests the subjects to be studied empirically by presenting research themes and models, but it is necessary to verify the model through statistical verification since it is not verified empirically. In addition, it is necessary to further control factors and identification of anti-marginal or anti-marginal products. Conclusions - This study suggests research topics that investigate how hostility affects Korean Wave in consideration of the current special situation, while conventional researches mainly focus on ethnocentrism and patriotism. In this way, this study suggests research direction that helps to enhance corporate image and product image by eliminating hostility and actively utilizing Korean Wave. The Proposal will be helpful to provide a frame for empirical analysis in future and to develop strategic means to further utilize it in international marketing.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.33-45
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to discover how Korean expatriates that are currently employed in Korean subsidiaries operational in Malaysia possibly suffer from career dissatisfaction due to differences between Korean Corporate Culture (KCC) and Malaysian Corporate Culture (MCC). The integration of KCC into MCC is discussed. Research design, data, and methodology - The analysis herein is via a qualitative research. Forty-six interviewees voluntarily participated in in-depth interviews. Document analysis and qualitative interviews were utilized to develop participant profiles and to generate the framework. Interview data were transcribed and subsequently analysed to facilitate the development of themes and ultimately led to emerging patterns. The framework discusses the following Confucian pillars pronounced in KCC: Control Systems, Power Structures, Organisational Structures, Authority and Harmony and Stories and Myths. Those pillars are analysed and the results of the interviews are discussed in detail. Results - Korean expatriates on assignment in Malaysia endure struggles in all five selected Confucian pillars as they are not symmetrical with Korean Corporate Culture common at head companies in Korea. Conclusion - As a consequence, there is substantial disharmony which needs to be rectified if Korean companies are to continue their 'miraculous' economic movement into the country.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

Purpose - The paper aims at testing the moderating effect of individualism dimension of culture on consumer behavioural intention about bank services in Nigeria. Research design, data, and methodology - A survey was conducted with a sample of five hundred and fifty five bank customers drawn from various retails banks. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Analysis of Moment Structure, combinations of descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Invariance test and multiple-group analysis were conducted in order to assess the moderating effect. The invariance test was necessary to confirm the equivalence of constructs so that any difference detected thereafter could be related to moderating effect. Results - The results show that individualism has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between technical quality, perceived value and corporate image on the one hand, and behavioural intention on the other. However, individualism does not moderate the association between functional quality and behavioral intention. Conclusions - It is recommended that the bank policy makers should take necessary step to enhance the customer perception of technical quality, perceived value and corporate image with respect the retail bank services.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.47-56
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• 2013

Purpose - In the academic literature, the researches on a comparative study on purchase behaviors of the consumers from emerging and mature markets remain limited. Therefore, this empirical study is attempted to examine the effects of country of origin (COO), brand image and corporate image on the purchase behavior of Chinese consumers (as from emerging market) and Korean consumers (as from mature market). Research Design, data, methodology - In total, 615 valid questionnaires were collected from the main cities of China and Korea respectively, and a multiple group analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses with SPSS 16.0 and AMOS18.0. Results - Chinese consumers are not influenced by country-of-origin effect, whereas Korean consumers are sensitive to it. Both Chinese and Korean consumers are sensitive to brand image, whereas corporate image does appear to influence Chinese consumers but not Korean consumers. The effects of country-of-origin are not more influential in less developed market (China) than more developed market (Korea). Conclusions - According to the results of this empirical study, the country-of-origin effect does impact Korean consumers but not Chinese consumers' purchase behavior. Therefore, multinational companies are relatively free to make the decision, if Chinese consumers are the marketing targets, when choosing manufacturing sites.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2017

Purpose - In this article, a dynamic model like a VAR is an appropriate choice for estimating the possible interrelationship between ownership structure and firm performance as a dynamic process. Research design, data, and methodology - Data of this work are collected from Chinese stock exchange including 350 Chinese-listed firms during the period of 1999-2012. We hypothesize that this interrelationship dynamically exists between ownership structure and firm performance. To examine the correlation, a panel Vector Auto-regression (PVAR) approach generated by GMM method is utilized to test the possible dynamic relation embedded in corporate governance. Another two dynamic analysis solutions such as orthogonalized impulse-response function and variance decomposition are also used simultaneously. Results - Findings of this study indicate the evidence that dynamically endogenous relationship exists between ownership structure and firm performance. Further, there is a dynamical correlation between investment and performance. Impulse response and variance decomposition illustrate that impact of a shock to variables themselves is the main source for their variability. Conclusions - The conclusion in this study is that there is a bidirectional and inter-temporal effect between proportion of ownership and corporate performance for a long run in accordance with impulse response function. Overall, our results suggest that corporate governance in China is more market oriented.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2021

Purpose - Stakeholders play a vital part in the company's CSR activities and they are part of the company's achievement and affect the company's achievement or business objectives. This study aims to add insight into the already existing knowledge how the organizational culture can promote corporate social welfare activities. Research design, Data, and methodology - The current authors obtained text data for the possible practical suggestions which might be used for the creation of coding method. That implies that the present author investigated only trustable textual sources to provide for the possible solutions such as peer-revied sources and published book. Result - Research results indicated that organizational culture promotes corporate social welfare activities by making people know their values and understand how they come about. Not every community knows what its members want and how to achieve its needs. Sometimes, a community can obtain the values and principles of an organization and incorporate them into community values. Conclusion - Executive leadership and customers are part of society. Any strategy that influences their operation and works ethic influences the contact of the community. This research found methods vital in setting up an excellent culture that enhances profitability and the corporate social welfare activities through motivation and communication.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.103-119
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aimed to clarify the effects of CEO characteristics and marketing activities on management performance of fashion corporate by using financial statement. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected a sample of total 170 companies that can obtain the corresponding data among fashion manufacturing companies listed on KOSPI. The data of the financial statements reported from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Findings - First, the more the number of CEO and the younger the CEO, the more employee welfare and training expenditures of internal marketing. The age of the CEO had a negative effect on all external marketing activities. The CEO number had a negative effect on sales promotion and advertising expenditures, but a positive effect on entertainment expenditure of external marketing. Second, as a effect of marketing activities on management performance, the welfare and training expenditures of internal marketing and entertainment expenditure of external marketing had a positive effect but sales promotion expenditure of external marketing had a negative effect on management performance. Research implications or Originality - Marketing activities that consider the differentiated factors of fashion corporate are necessary. Also, the objective accounting information can provide practical information for fashion industry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.475-491
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• 2022

Purpose - This study analyzed the correlation and effect of FTA environmental factors (company internal environmental factors, corporate external environmental factors) between FTA utilization and performance of Shandong companies in China. Design/methodology/approach - To test the hypothesis, SPSS 24.0 statistical packages were used based on the collected data. Findings - First, it was confirmed that internal environmental factors (international marketing orientation, corporate competitiveness, and corporate awareness of FTA) of companies had a positive(+) effect on FTA utilization. Second, The government's support for FTA utilization will have a significant positive (+) effect on companies' FTA utilization.Non-tariff barriers will have a negative (-) effect on companies' use of FTA. Third, A company's FTA utilization will have a significant positive effect on FTA performance. Research implications or Originality - If Shandong companies want to increase the utilization of FTAs, they should strengthen international marketing, such as collecting information on competitors and improving product quality and price competitiveness, and increase corporate competitiveness through active export activities to the global market.In order to increase the awareness of FTA among enterprises in Shandong Province, the government should strengthen the relevant education of enterprises about FTA.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how to apply socially responsible corporate management and public policy to perceive awareness and adoption of electric vehicles for global sustainability. This study examined i) how perceived factors such as economic, environment, convenience, uncertainty, and efficiency factors differ based on experiences of electric vehicles, ii) how actual and potential customers perceive management and policy issues on electric vehicles differently, iii) how proposed factors including policy planning for the management of electric vehicle, prospect of electric vehicles, and socially responsible corporate activities affect overall attitudes toward electric vehicles? iv) how overall attitudes affect growth of electric vehicle industry and development of automobile industry? Research design, data and methodology: This study conducted an online survey and applied t-test, ANOVA, factor and regression analysis. Results: This study found that policy planning for the management of electric vehicles, prospect of electric vehicles, and corporate activities affect overall attitudes toward electric vehicles and actual and potential customers showed mean differences on management and policy on electric vehicles. Conclusions: This study provides managerial and policy implications. This study suggests promoting policies for better adoption of electric vehicles and regulatory policies to enhance global sustainability and prospect of electric vehicles.