• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.375-385
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• 2010

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing Alisma canaliculatum, Viscum album and Cornus officinalis probiotics on the growth performance and immune response in growing pigs. This experiment was conducted using 120 pigs (crossing of Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire and castrated) which were assigned to 5 treatments in 3 replications with 8 pigs per replications. The dietary treatments were NC group (without antibiotics), PC group (basal+Oxytetracycline 50ppm), AC group (basal+A. canaliculatum 0.5%), VA group (basal+V. album 0.5%) and COP group (basal+C. officinalis probiotics 0.5%). The initial body weights of pigs were 35kg on average and the experiment lasted for 9 weeks. The experimental animals were kept in the pens following a completely randomized design. They were provided the diets adequate for grower stage as recommended by NRC (ME:3,265 kcal/kg and CP:16%). COP fed pigs showed lower weight gain up to 6 weeks of age compared to NC group and other groups without significant differences (P>0.05). The carcass weights of pigs fed VA and COP were significantly higher compared to NC group (P<0.05), Back fat thicknesses groups fed three different additives were higher than NC group and lower then PC group (P<0.05). Crude fat contents in loin meat were significantly lower in groups fed three different additives while moisture contents of those three groups were higher than other groups (P<0.05). The thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) value measured at fresh and $2^{nd}$ weeks was lower in additives fed groups but no statistical differences were observed among the treatments (P>0.05). Significantly highest PUFA (16.42g/100g) and ${\omega}$-3 fatty acids (ALA, EPA and DHA) content of meat were observed in COP fed pigs compared to NC group (P>0.05), which might mean that three additives function to enhance serum IgG in pigs. In consequence, it can be suggested that AC, VA and COP may have a potential to replace antibiotics as growth promoter and immune enhancer in the diets for growing pigs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.133.2-134
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• 2003

산수유(Cornus officinalis)는 층층나무과(Cornaceae)에 속하는 약용식물로, 그 열매(Corni Fructus)는 길이 1.5cm 내외인 중추원형의 모양으로 생김새가 촉나라 대추 같고 신맛이 두드러지기 때문에 촉산초라고도 불린다. 그 효능으로 이뇨작용, 혈압강하작용, 항균작용이 있고, 햇볕에 말린 과육은 간과 콩팥의 기능에 효과가 있는 것으로 알러져 있다. 따라서 산수유의 이용 확대 및 제품화 가능성을 검토하기 위한 기초연구의 일환으로 산수유 열매의 화학성분을 분석하였다. 산수유 열매의 일반성분을 건량 기준으로 측정해 본 결과, 탄수화물 88.6%, 조단백질 2.3%, 조지방 4.5%, 회분 4.6%이었다. 산수유 열매의 지방산 중 포화지방산 함량은 30.8%, 총 불포화지방산 함량은 69.2%이었다. 불포화지방산중 다가불포화지방산은 54.9%, 일가불포화지방산은 14.3%로 다가불포화지방산의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 지방산 조성을 살펴보면 linoleic acid가 33.3%로 가장 높았고, palmitic acid(25.1%), linolenic acid(21.6%) 순으로 높게 나타났다. 아미노산 조성으로는 산성아미노산인 aspartic acid가 523 mg%, glutamic acid가 347 mg%로 높게 나타났다. 무기질 함량은 칼륨함량이 건물기준으로 2067.5 mg%로 가장 높았고 그 다음으로는 Ca 372.9 mg%이었다. 유기산 함량은 건물량 기준으로 formic acid가 19,478 mg/100 g으로 가장 그 함량이 높았으며, 그 다음으로는 succinic acid (18,167 mg/100 g), malonic acid (14,487 mg/100 g), malic acid (13,018 mg/100 g) 순이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.1018-1025
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• 2017

The present study collected 18 kinds of commercially circulated liquid Sansuyu (Corni fructus) in pouch form and conducted comparative analysis on markings and physicochemical characteristics in order to utilize this information as a base material for the development of Sansuyu liquid products. The most abundant valid substance was morroniside, followed by loganin and cornin, in that order. Total concentration of valid substances in Cornus fruit products produced in the Gurye region was 168.50 mg/100 g, which was significantly higher than the overall average of 130.89 mg/100 g. There were seven (1st) and seven (2nd) kinds that contained more morroniside than the overall average, six (1st) and four (2nd) kinds with more loganin than the overall average, and eight (1st) and one (2nd) kinds with more cornin than the overall average. There were also five types in which no loganin was detected. There were significant differences in the valid substances of most products according to production period. Overall, these results show that processing method standardization research on extraction conditions is needed to produce liquid Sansuyu products of excellent quality.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.550-558
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• 2021

Fructus Corni, the fruit of Cornus officinalis, has long been used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. We recently suggested that it was effective against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Corni Fructus (CF) water extract on BPH induced by testosterone propionate (TP) in noncastrated and castrated animal models. BPH was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by an intramuscular injection of TP in castrated or noncastrated rats. Finasteride (FINA) treatment was used as a positive control for inhibition of BPH. According to our results, CF administration inhibited excessive enlargement of development of the prostate in both the noncastrated and castrated groups compared to the control and FINA-treated groups. The inhibitory effect of CF on BPH was associated with inhibition of expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, 5α-reductase type 2, steroid receptor coactivator-1, androgen receptor (AR), and prostate-specific antigen. Serum levels of the stress hormone cortisol increased during BPH induction by TP in both the noncastrated and castrated groups, but they were attenuated significantly by CF administration. However, insulin and IGF-1 levels were not increased in the BPH-induced groups and CF, and no effective results were found by CF administration. These results point to a beneficial effect of CF on BPH through inhibition of AR signaling pathway activity and imply that CF shows excellent potential as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of BPH.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2008

Background : A traditional Oriental medicine, GongJjn-dan (GJD), is one of the most well-known tonic agents in Korea. Among 6 types of GJD components, antler, red ginseng, and Cornus fructus have shown antioxidant effects, while EtOH-induced tissue damage may be a consequence of oxidative stress. Objectives & Methods : The hepatoprotective effects of GJD were evaluated on EtOH-mediated experimental liver damaged rats at 50, 100, 250 and 500mg/kg comparing with 100mg/kg of silymarin as a reference drug in the present study. Test substances were dosed once a day for 60 days with oral administration of 20% ethanol 2.5ml/100g body weight twice a day (equivalent to 7.9g ethanol/kg/day). Each of 8 rats per group was selected using body weight at 10 days after acclimatization. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 60 days of continuous oral treatment of test substances with 20% ethanol treatment, and changes on the body weight, liver weight, and serum AST and ALT were observed. Results : There were dramatic decreases of body weight and increases of liver weight and serum AST and ALT. Similar inhibition effects on the EtOH-induced hepatic damages were detected between equal dosages of GJD and silymarin. Conclusion : Based on these results. it is concluded that GJD showed clear hepatoprotective effects on EtOH-induced hepatic damage.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2011

Objectives : Recently a lot of research is being done for find antidiabetic medicine which has no side effects. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and antiobesity effects of Supungsunki-hwan partitioned prescriptions on obese type 2 diabetes mouse. Methods : Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were induced by Surwit's high fat, high sucrose diet for 8 weeks. Mice were divided into 3 groups of ND (normal diet, n=10) HFD (high fat and high sucrose diet, n=10) and SPP (high fat and high sucrose diet with Supungsunki-hwan partitioned prescriptions, n=10) groups. Body weights were measured every week. After 7 weeks, fasting blood sugar and oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted. After 8 weeks, blood samples of all mice were taken from their heart and analyzed biochemically. At the same time, epididymal fat pad and liver weights were measured. Histological size of white adipocyte were measured as well. Results : Compared with a HFD group, body weight, fructosamine, epididymal fat pad weight and white adipocyte size decreased. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased in the SPP group. Conclusions : These results suggest that SPP has antidiabetic and antiobesity effects in high fat, high sucrose diet induced obese mice.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.78-96
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide clinical evidence of Korean medicine for febrile seizure by review of randomized controlled trials on the effect of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) for febrile seizure. Methods We searched randomized controlled trials about TCM treatment of febrile seizure from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (January 2008 to June 2016). The selected literatures were assessed by Jadad scale. Results 40 papers were selected from 160 studies. Analyses of selected studies indicated that the TCM treatment group has significantly higher cure rate for febrile seizure than first aid or western medicine group. The most commonly used herbs were Gardeniae Fructus (梔子), Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis (鉤藤), Cornus Gazeliae (羚羊角), Margarita (珍珠), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草). The most commonly used acupoints were GV26 (人中), LI4 (合谷), KI1 (湧泉), GV20 (百會). There were no serious adverse events reported from the TCM treatment group during the treatment period. Conclusions TCM has been shown as not only effective but also safe treatment on febrile seizure. This finding can be widely utilized in clinical practice and can form the basis for development of clinical practice guidelines in future.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2019

Herbal medicines are widely used as therapeutic products in many countries. Corni fructus (CF), the dried ripe sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc (Cornaceae), has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine and has been reported to be effective for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as kidney diseases and diabetes. Recent research on CF has documented a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties, which include anti-inflammatory, ant-oxidative, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, there is no information on its safety. Therefore, in this study, the toxicity of water extract of CF to ICR mice was investigated. The mice received a single dose of water extract of CF (1,000, 2,000, and 5,000 mg/kg of body weight) via the oral route. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings, and weights of the principal organs after 14 d were then assessed. The results revealed no adverse effects of CF as determined by clinical signs, body weights, or organ weights and no gross pathological findings in any of the treatment groups. These results suggest that the 50% lethal dose and approximated lethal dose of CF extract is over 5,000 mg/kg. The findings provide scientific evidence for the safety of CFs.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 1999

Osteomalacia is syndrome of diverse etiology. characterized pathophysiologically by a failure of normal mineralization of bone and epiphyseal cartilage. This study was performed to investigate causes of disease, pathogenic mechanisms, symptoms, therapies and precriptions through the successive medical literatures. recent chinese medical literatures and chinese medical journals. It is similar to atrophic debility of bones, bone leaning, bone exhaustion, rheumatism involving the bone, osteodynia and cold and heat of bone etc. of oriental medicine. The most principal cause of this is deficiency of kidney. similar to hypophosphatemia caused by increased renal clearance and deficiency of vitamin D, and the rest are senility, deficiency of spleen, deficiency of qi and deficiency of blood. There are nourishing the kidney and spleen, nourishing the qi and blood, warming and passing the muscle and mac, passing an articulation an invigorating the muscle and bone, in principal therapy. And in medical herbs are rehmanniae radix preparat, corni fructus, discoreae rhizoma, cuscutae semen, tigridis os, juglandis semen, hominis placenta, drynariae rhizoma, eucommiae cortex, cynomorii herba, cervi cornus colla, cervi pantotrichum cornu, moutan cortex, polygoni multiflori radix, angelicae gigantis radix, achyranthis bidentatae radix, cibotii rhizoma, hirudo, eupolyphaga, spatholobi caulis, salviae miltiorrhizae radix, draconis resina, curcumae longae rhizoma. In care there are a sun-bath, exercise, high protein diet and taking vitamin D. And they reduce smoking, coffee, drinking etc.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1667-1678
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• 1999

Certain parts of 190 kinds of medicinal herbs and 171 kinds of original materials of food were extracted by methanol. The extracts were tested their microbial inhibition activities against several food spoilage microorganisms, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The methanol extracts of Cornus officinalis, Evodia officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Salvia miltiorrhiza. Schizandrae fructus, Coptidis rhizoma, aroma hop and bitter hop were shown inhibitory effect on certain species of gram(+) bacteria. Aroma hop and bitter hop were shown inhibitory effect on certain species of gram(-) bacteria. The methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza exhibited a strong antibacterial activities. It was purified by solvent fractionation, silicagel column chromatography, prep. TLC, prep. HPLC. The purified active substance was identified as cryptotanshinone by EIMS, $1^H-NMR,\;{13}^C-NMR$ and DEPT. Cryptotanshinone showed a strong antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria $(MIC\;:\;3.91{\sim}62.50\;{\mu}g/mL)$. Especially, this compound was the most strong activity against Bacillus subtilis $(MIC\;:\;3.91\;{\mu}g/mL)$.