• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2006

By analyzing the Ge 34 core-level photoelectron spectrum, we studied the structure of the $Li/Ge(111)-3\times1$ surface. Two surface related components tying on either side of the main bulk peak were identified in the Ge 3d spectrum. The existence and the position of the two surface components in the core-level spectrum from $Li/Ge(111)-3\times1$ is similar to those of the $Li/Ge(111)-3\times1$, suggesting the similarities in structure of the two surfaces. The core-level photoelectron spectra of the Li-induced $Li/Ge(111)-3\times1$ surface are well consistent with the honeycomb-chain-channel model, which was proposed as the structure of the $Si/Ge(111)-3\times1$ induced by alkali metals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.08a
• /
• pp.181-181
• /
• 2011

The adsorption structure and the electronic property of azidotrimethyltin (ATMT) on monolayer graphene was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy and core-level photoemission spectroscopy. We also confirmed the n-type doping effect by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and work function measurements. We will systematically demonstrate the variation of characteristic of graphene induced by the chemical functionalized molecule as we confirmed the results using scanning tunneling microscopy in conjunction with core-level photoemission spectroscopy.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 1993

X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) is used to characterize the crystallographically cleaved GaAs(110) surface. By using polar and azimuthal scans of the usual angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we get the reconstruction geometry of the clean GaAs(110) surface from the intensity ratio of Ga 3d core-level peaks. The reconstruction parameters are determined by fitting the diffraction pattern with the single scattering cluster (SSC) model, and the results show similar tendencies to those obtained by other techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2008

We have studied the chemisorption of oxygen at room temperature on Fe layers deposited on Pt(111) substrates by using core-level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the oxygen atoms are chemisorbed when the thickness of the Fe layers is not larger than 6 monolayers. Upon post-annealing, it was found that part of the chemisorbed atoms are desorbed at a temperature range 600 - 700 K, after which the intermixing between Fe and Pt atoms occurs. The overall trend of this intermixing was very similar to the Fe/Pt(111) surface without oxygen exposure. The remaining oxygen adatoms, the amount of which is about a half of the total, were found to be eventually desorbed from the surface upon post-annealing at 1000 K. The binding energy of this phase was higher than that of the oxygen atoms desorbed at lower temperatures by 1.3 eV.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.156-161
• /
• 2015

The electronic structures of the potential candidate semiconductor nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), such as $ZnSnO_3$ and $Zn_2SnO_4$, have been investigated by employing X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The measured X-ray diffraction patterns show that $ZnSnO_3$ and $Zn_2SnO_4$ samples have the single-phase ilmenite-type structure and the inverse spinel structure, respectively. The measured Zn 2p and Sn 3d core-level XPS spectra reveal that the valence states of Zn and Sn ions are divalent (Zn 2+) and tetravalent (Sn 4+), respectively, in both $ZnSnO_3$ and $Zn_2SnO_4$. On the other hand, the shallow core-level measurements show that the binding energies of Sn 4d and Zn 3d core levels in $ZnSnO_3$ are lower than those in $Zn_2SnO_4$. This work provides the information on the valence states of Zn and Sn ions and their chemical bonding in $ZnSnO_3$ and $Zn_2SnO_4$.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.8 no.3B
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 1999

The phase transition on the surface which several adsorbates (K, Mg, etc.) are deposited was observed by Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RGEED). We took the photoelectron spectra from the valence and core level at several oxygen exposure. For oxygen adsorption, the surface state in valence spectra diminished concurrently with S1, S2 peaks in core level spectra and surface periodicity turned to 3$\times$2 by post-annealing. These results suggest that the phase transition from 3$\times$2 to 3$\times$ on the Si(113) at initial stage is induced by a rearrangement of atoms on the substrate, not by the formation of overlayer.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.315-326
• /
• 1996

The electronic structures of 3d and 4d core-levels of rare-earth atoms in the insulating rare-earth (Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb) compounds were studied with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). It is shown that the intrinsic satellite structure due to the hybridization disappears for chemically stable-earth trivalent heavy rare-earth insulating compounds as the hybridization between f electrons of rare-earth atoms and p electrons of anion atoms decreases due to the lanthanide contraction. Eu atoms at the surface of the stable insulating trivalent Eu compounds are found to be divalent. The satellite peak of Eu 3d core-level spectra at about 10eV higher binding energy side relative the main peak comes from the multiplet structures of $\underline{3d}4f^6$ configuration. The satellite structure appearing at about 15 eV higher binding energy side relative to the main peak in all insulating rare-earth compounds is due to an energy loss process of creating a plasmon.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.252-257
• /
• 2011

The ring formation and electronic properties of furan adsorbed on graphene layers grown on 6H-SiC (0001) has been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra for the C K-edge, and core level photoemission spectroscopy (CLPES). Moreover, we observed that furan molecules adsorbed on graphene could be used for chemical functionalization via the lone pair electrons of the oxygen group, allowing chemical doping. We also found that furan spontaneously form rings with one of three different bonding configurations and the electronic properties of the ring formed by furan on graphene can be described using by AFM, NEXAFS and CLPES, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 1997

We have studied initial oxidation of the alkali metal(AM)/Si(111) surface using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and reflection high energy electron diffraction(RHEED) at room temperature(RT) and high temperature(HT)(300~50$0^{\circ}C$). The oxidation of the Si(111)7$\times$7 surface was promoted by the adsorption of 1 momolayer(ML) AM, whereas no promotion occurred for submonolayer(<0.5 ML) adsorbed Si(111)7$\times$7 surface at RT. O Is core level spectra were measured with increasing oxygen exposure. It was found that the oxygen adsorbed on the Si(111)7$\times$7-AM surface have two different bond configuration, Si-O and Am-O, respectively. From these results, we discussed the role of AM-O bonding in the promoted oxidation. At HT(300~50$0^{\circ}C$), the AM-adsorbed surface became very inactive with the structural transformation to the 3$\times$1-AM. We present the results of the oxidation of the Si(111)3$\times$1-AM(Na, K, Cs) surface.