• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2018

최근 현대인들의 삶이 윤택해질수록 실내공기질 (Indoor Air Qulity)의 개선이 강하게 요구되고 있다. 생물학적 공기 오염원(세균, 진균, 바이러스 등)의 제거를 위해서 UV/광촉매 장치 또는 오존발생장치, 항균물질의 도포와 같은 방법을 사용하고 있다. 추가 에너지 소모 또는 높은 부식성과 독성, 낮은 항균력 등의 단점을 가지고 있으며, 이를 보완하기 위하여 항균력을 가진 구리를 이용하여 필터를 제작하였다. 항균동 필터의 항균력 검증을 위하여 2종의 곰팡이 (P. pinophilum, C. globosum) 와 1종의 균 (S. aureus) 에 대한 항균력을 측정하였고, 부유미생물 제거능력을 챔버 단계부터 건물의 공조시설까지 단계별 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 2종의 곰팡이에 대해서는 24시간 후 100% 항균력을 나타내었고, 1종의 균에 대해서는 18시간 후 99.9% 항균력을 나타내었다. 단계별 부유미생물 제거능력에서는 챔버와 공기청정기를 이용한 시험에서 항균헤파필터보다 높은 항균력을 나타내었다. 건물의 공조시설을 이용한 시험에서는 공간이 밀폐되지 않았고 지속적인 가동을 하지 않았지만 설치 후 약 2주 후부터 항균 효과가 나타나는 것으로 확인하였다. 항균동 필터의 항균력 검증 결과 제작 방법 및 소재의 연구가 더욱 필요하지만 항균 필터로써 충분한 항균력을 가진 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.736-742
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• 2015

대형녹조류인 Ulva pertusa는 전 세계 연안에 서식하는 저서성 종으로 대발생 또는 인공구조물에 착생되어 경제적, 사회적인 측면에서 문제를 야기시키고 있다. 착생생물을 제어하기 위해 신방오제인 ziram, diruon, zinc pyrithione(ZnPT), copper pyrithione(CuPT), DBNPA, triclosan 등이 방오도료로 사용 중이나, 대형 및 미세조류를 이용한 신방오제들의 방오능 검증과 기초적인 연구자료가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 초기 우점착생종인 구멍갈파래의 포자를 이용하여 방오제의 효능을 검증하고 생체막 형성의 우점종인 미세조류 Nitzschia pungens를 이용한 방오능을 검증하였다. 구멍갈파래포자의 운동성 검증에서 ziram과 ZnPT는 diuron, CuPT, DBNPA, triclosan보다 50% 높은 운동성 억제를 나타내었고 착생 검증에서는 ziram이 가장 낮은 착생률 1%로 나타났으며 CuPT는 $100{\mu}g/L$의 농도에서 다른 대조군에 비해 80%의 성장율 억제를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과로 신방오제의 방오능을 검증하여 향후 방오능 검증에 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

공단 하수오니의 농경지 유입에 따른 토양의 중금속 함량과 작물체로의 중금속 흡수이행에 미치는 석회시용 효과를 조사하였다. 공단하수오니 및 돈분퇴비를 각각 25, 50 Mg/ha 시용토양에 석회를 3 Mg/ha 처리하여 알타리무를 재배 수확한 후 토양과 작물체 중의 중금속 함량을 분석하였다. 시험후 토양의 중금속 함량은 공단하수오니구에서 대조구 (NPK 처리구) 및 돈분퇴비구보다 높았으며, 특히 공단하수오니 50 Mg/ha 시용구에서는 구리, 아연, 니켈 및 크롬함량이 대조구와 비교하여 12$\sim$48배 높은 농도를 보였다. 공단하수오니 시용으로 알타리무로 흡수 이행된 구리, 아연 및 니켈 함량은 증가하여 알타리무 엽중의 농도가 식물독성 피해농도를 초과하는 수준이였다. 공단하수오니 시용토양에서 석회시용으로 알타리무 엽과 뿌리중 구리, 아연 및 니켈 함량은 크게 경감되었으며, 시험후 토양의 pH와 알타리무중 구리, 아연 및 니켈 함량과는 고도의 부의 상관을 보였다 이상의 결과에서 석회시용이 중금속이 다량 함유된 하수오니 유입으로 인한 작물의 독성피해와 중금속 흡수 이행성을 경감시킬 수 있는 일시적인 개량방법으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the atmospheric heavy metal concentrations in the particulate matter inside the subway stations of Seoul. In particular, we examined the correlation between the heavy metals and studied the effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation. In six selected subway stations in Seoul, particulate matter was captured at the platforms and 11 types of heavy metals were analyzed. The results showed that the mean concentration of iron was the highest out of the heavy metals in particulate matter, followed by copper, potassium, calcium, zinc, nickel, sodium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium in that order. The correlation analysis showed that the correlations between the heavy metals was highest in the following order: (Cu vs Zn), (Ca vs Na), (Ca vs Mn), (Ni vs Cr), (Na vs Mn), (Cr vs Cd), (Zn vs Cd), (Cu vs Cd), (Ni vs Cd), (Cu vs Ni), (K vs Zn), (Cu vs K), (Cu vs Cr), (K vs Cd), (Zn vs Cr), (K vs Ni), (Zn vs Ni), (K vs Cr), and (Fe vs Cu). The correlation coefficient between zinc and copper was 0.937, indicating the highest correlation. Copper, zinc, nickel, chromium and cadmium, which are generated from artificial sources in general, showed correlations with many of the other metals and the correlation coefficients were also relatively high. The effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation was also investigated in this study. Cultured cell was exposed to 10 mg/l or 100 mg/l of iron, copper, calcium, zinc, nickel, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium for 24 hours. The cell proliferation in all the heavy metal-treated groups was not inhibited at 10 mg/l of the heavy metal concentration. The only exception to this was with the cadmium-treated group which showed a strong cell proliferation inhibition. This study provides the fundamental data for the understanding of simultaneous heavy metal exposure tendency at the time of particulate matter exposure in subway stations and the identification of heavy metal sources. Moreover, this study can be used as the fundamental data for the cell toxicity study of the subway-oriented heavy metal-containing particulate matter.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.578-589
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• 1996

This study was performed to invstigate the effect of dietary protein level and source on cadmium intoxicification in rats. Forty-eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 171$\pm$3g were blocked into 8 groups of 6 animals according to body weigth, and were raised for 30days. Eight experimental diets different with cadmium(0ppm, 400ppm)and protein(15%, 40%) levels and protein source[casien, I.S.P.(isolated soy protein)] were given to animals for 30days. Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, liver weight, kidney weight and femur weight were lower in cadmium added group, and higher in high protein groups(40% protein) than medium protein groups(15% protein). But, dietary protein source had no influence on them. Cadmium concerntration of liver was higher in rats fed casein than I.S.P. groups, and cadmium concentration in intestine was higher in high protein groups. In femur both high protein and I.S.P.diets increased cadmium concentrations. MT concdentrations in liver, kidney and intestine were higher in cadmium added group, and kidney intestine MT concentration were higher in high protein group. Absorption and retention rates of cadmium were lower in rat fed I.S.P. than animal fed casein among medium protein groups and cadmium concentration in blood and liver of I.S.P groups were lower than casein groups. But absorption and retention rates of cadmium were similar in high casein and I.S.P. groups. Renal damage by cadmium administration was not seen in all groups. Absorption rates of zinc and copper competing with cadmium in absorption process were lower in high protein groups than medium protein groups and lower in rats fed I.S.P. than casein. In conclusion, weight gain, F.E.R, and MT concentraion of high protein groups were higher than those of medium protein groups and absorption and retention rates of cadmium were lower in high protein groups. From these results, it was shown that cadmium toxicity was alleviated by high dietary protein. Meanwhile, the effect of dietary source on the cadmium toxicity was different with protein level. In medium protein groups absorption and retention rates of cadmium were much lower in rats fed I.S.P. than casein. In high protein groups, cadmium toxicity was not influenced by protein source and absorption and retention rates of cadmium were not different between casein and I.S.P. groups.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2008

해양생태독성평가를 위한 표준시험방법 개발을 위하여 해양생태계의 대표 소비자인 어류를 이용한 시험방법을 정립하였다. 표준시험생물은 송사리(Oryzias latipes)와 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)를 선정하였으며, endpoint는 7일 자어 사망률(7 day-$LC_{50}$)로 설정하였다. 표준시험방법은 미환경보호국(USEPA, 1994)의 어류독성시험법을 참고하였으나, 시험생물은 생태적 대표성 및 종의 유용성 등을 고려하여 재설정하였다. 송사리는 실험실 사육이 가능하고 광염성이며, 넙치는 국내 연안 생태계의 대표 어류이자 상업용 종묘 생산 시설을 통하여 연중 시험생물 확보가 가능한 점을 고려하여 선정하였다. 염분 내성 및 표준물질독성실험결과, 송사리는 $0{\sim}35\;psu$ 구간에서 전개체가 생존하였으며, 넙치는 염분이 20 psu 이상에서만 실험이 가능하였다. 독성시험기간은 7일이며, 시험구내의 용존산소가 4mg/L 이상을 유지하는 한 시험용액의 교환없이 수행하는 비교환정수방식을 택하였다. 시험생물의 연령은 부화 후 초기 사망률과 시험시 취급이 용이한 크기로 선정하였으며, 송사리의 경우 부화 후 7일(전장 약 5 mm), 넙치의 경우 25일(전장 약 10 mm)로 선정하였다. 시험적합도 기준은 대조구에서의 생존율이 80% 이상으로 설정하였으며, 표준독성물질에 의한 민감도를 어류 독성 시험시 동일한 방법을 이용한 결과를 제시하도록 하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study are to investigate the contamination levels of heavy metals in soil, ground water, and agricultural product near the abandoned Boeun and Sanggok mine areas in Korea and to assess the health risk for these local residents exposed to the toxic heavy metals based on analytical data. METHODS AND RESULTS: By the results of human health risk assessment for local residents around Boeun and Sanggok, human exposure to cadmium, copper, arsenic from soil and to lead, cadmium, and arsenic from rice grain were higher in Sanggok, but human exposure to zinc and arsenic from ground water was higher in Boeun. By the results of hazard index (HI) evaluation for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, HI values in both areas were higher than 1.0. This result indicated that the toxicity hazard through the continuous exposure to lead, cadmium, arsenic from rice, ground water, and soil would be likely to occur to the residents in the areas. Cancer risk assessment for arsenic, risks from the rice were exposed to one to two out of 10,000 people in Boeun and one of 1,000 people in Sanggok. These results showed that the cancer risks of arsenic in both areas were 10~100 times greater than the acceptable cancer risk range of US EPA ($1{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-5}$). CONCLUSION(S): Therefore, if these two local residents consume continuously with arsenic contaminated soil, ground water, and rice, the adverse health effects (carcinogenic potential) would be more increased.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.971-975
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• 2008

This study was to examine the potential disinfection efficiencies of 10 compounds by determining their antimicrobial capacity and ichthyotoxicity. Antimicrobial effects against Vibrio sp., Edwadsiella tarda, Streptococcus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were tested using 10 different disinfectants; hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, povidon iodine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), ortho-dichlorobenzen, and copper sulfate. Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) containing 5% $ClO_2$ and copper sulfate had no effects on bactericidal activity, while the other disinfectants resulted in 99.99% bactericidal activity against 4 strains of fish pathogenic bacteria. The ichthyotoxicity of the 10 disinfectants was investigated using 3 kinds of fish species; flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes pachycephalus), and black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) values of the 10 disinfectants were estimated to determine toxicity ranges of the doses within 24 hr. Among test disinfectant solutions, hydrogen peroxide showed the highest $LC_50$ in flounder (201.3), rockfish (269.7), and black sea bream (139.3 ppm). DDAC revealed the lowest $LC_{50}$ in flounder (2.1), rockfish (1.0), and black sea bream (1.5 ppm). These results suggest that DDAC, quaternary ammonium compounds, glutaraldehyde, and sodium hypochlorite are effective disinfectants for fish and bacterial species examined in this study.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2017

The fossil fuel power consumption generates $CO_2$, which causes the problems such as global warming. Also, the increase in energy consumption has accelerated the depletion of the fossil fuels, and renewable energy is attracting attention. Among the renewable energies, the solar energy gets a lot of attention as the infinite clean energy source. But, the supply level of solar cell is insignificant due to high cost of generation of electric power in comparison with fossil fuels. Thus several researchers are recently doing the research on ultra-low-cost solar cells. Also, $Cu_2O$ is one of the applied materials as an absorption layer in ultra-low-cost solar cells. Cuprous oxide ($Cu_2O$) is highly desirable semiconductor oxide for use in solar energy conversion due to its direct band gap ($E_g={\sim}2.1eV$) and a high absorption coefficient that absorbs visible light of wavelengths up to 650 nm. In addition, $Cu_2O$ has several advantages such as non-toxicity, low cost and can be prepared with simple and cheap methods on large scale. In this work, we fabricated the $Cu_2O$ thin films by reactive sputtering method. The films were deposited with a Cu target with variable parameters such as substrate temperature, rf-power, and annealing condition. Finally, we confirmed the structural properties of thin films by XRD and SEM.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

The contaminated soil at abandoned smelter areas present challenge for remediation, as the degraded materials are typically deficient in nutrients, and rich in toxic heavy metals and metalloids. Bioremediation technique is to isolate new strains of microorganisms and develop successful protocols for reducing metal toxicity with heavy metal tolerant species. The present study collected metal contaminated soil and characterized for pH and EC values, and heavy metal contents. The pH value was 5.80, representing slightly acidic soil, and EC value was 13.47 mS/m. ICP-AES analytical results showed that the collected soil samples were highly contaminated with various heavy metals and metalloids such as lead (183.0 mg/kg), copper (98.6 mg/kg), zinc (91.6 mg/kg), and arsenic (48.1 mg/kg), respectively. In this study, a bacterial strain, Bacillus cereus KM-15, capable of adsorbing the heavy metals was isolated from the contaminated soils by selective enrichment and characterized to apply for the bioremediation. The effects of heavy metal on the growth of the Bacillus cereus KM-15 was determined in liquid cultures. The results showed that 100 mg/L arsenic, lead, and zinc did not affect the growth of KM-15, while the bacterial growth was strongly inhibited by copper at the same concentration. Further, the ability of the bacteria to adsorb heavy metals was evaluated.