• 제목/요약/키워드: cop

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시각적 동요 기반 선박운항 시뮬레이터에서 SSQ와 COP를 이용한 시뮬레이터 멀미 계측에 관한 연구 (Study on Simulator Sickness Measure on Scene Movement Based Ship Handing Simulator Using SSQ and COP)

  • 황태현;장준혁;오승빈;김홍태
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.485-491
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 시각적 동요를 기반으로 하는 선박운항 시뮬레이터(ship handling simulator)에서 시뮬레이터 멀미 설문(SSQ, simulator sickness questionnaire)과 압력 중심(COP, Center Of Pressure)을 이용하여 시뮬레이터 멀미(simulator sickness)를 계측할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 실험을 위하여 선박운항시뮬레이터에서 피실험자가 시각적 동요에 노출되도록 하였고 해상상태(sea state)를 3단계로 바꾸어 가며 실험을 수행하였다. 시각적 동요 노출의 직후에 피실험자는 SSQ를 통하여 실험동안의 자각증상에 대한 설문을 작성하였고, 시각적 노출중에는 지면반발력계를 이용하여 피실험자의 COP를 측정하였다. 시각적 동요, SSQ, 그리고 COP의 데이터 분석을 통하여 시뮬레이터 멀미와 피실험자의 COP 사이의 연관성을 고찰하였다. 실험 및 분석을 통하여 해상상태에 따른 SSQ 점수와 피실험자 COP에 대한 각각 관계식을 제시하였고, 피실험자의 종방향 COP가 시뮬레이터 멀미 계측을 위한 지수로 활용될 수 있음을 보였다.

상황실의 효율적인 재난관리를 위한 COP기반 상황판 정보요소 분석에 관한 연구: 풍수해를 중심으로 (A Study on the Analysis of Information Element of COP-Based Situation Panel for Efficient Disaster Management in the Situation Room)

  • 조정윤;송주일;장초록;장문엽
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.393-401
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 효율적인 상황실 운영을 위한 새로운 인프라스트럭처 방안으로 공통작전상황도(Common Operating Picture, 이하 COP)의 개념을 활용하여 상황판에 공유되어야 하는 필수 정보요소들을 도출하고자 하였다. 이에 COP의 개념과 실제 해외사례를 확인하고, 재난상황 적용시 고려되어야 하는 COP 정보요소들을 재정립하였으며, 국내 발행된 재난대응 표준매뉴얼과 일일상황보고서 등을 분석하여 COP 재난대응 정보요소를 최종적으로 도출하였다. 정보요소는 재난유형 중 매년 피해를 야기하는 풍수해를 중심으로 총 4개의 단계(①신고접수 및 인지단계, ②상황전파 및 보고단계, ③비상기구 운영단계, ④수습·복구단계)로 구분하였다. 각 재난대응 단계별로 필요한 정보 요소들을 사고규모, 기상 정보, 자원 현황, 구조 정보, 라이프 라인 시설 등으로 다시 구분하였으며, 해당 항목별 세부 정보요소들을 추가적으로 분석하여 필수적으로 상황판에 공유되어야 하는 정보요소를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 도출해낸 정보들은 COP 특성상 공간적·지리적 특징과 함께 공유되기 때문에 의사결정권자들과 담당자들에게 복합적인 정보를 제공하여 재난상황에 대한 다각적인 접근을 가능하게 한다. 또한 재난대응 담당부처들이 해당 정보들을 공통적으로 공유함으로써 재난대응이 보다 효율적으로 이루어 질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

전방향 동요 시 압력중심의 기구학적 특성을 통한 하이힐 착용 여성의 자세균형회복 메커니즘에 관한 고찰 (The investigation of postural balance recovery mechanism of high-heeled women using COP's kinematic characteristics during the waist pulling)

  • 조원학;서민좌;최현기
    • 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.1211-1214
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    • 2004
  • High-heeled women have been identified with balance control problems. The purposes of this study were to objectively quantify the displacements and velocities of center-of-pressure (COP) of body during waist pulling and to compare the differences between barefooted and high-heeled situations. We used a waist pulling system which has three different magnitudes to sway the subjects. We found that the kinematic information of barefooted and high-heeled women's COP is very important in understanding the mechanism of postural balance control of women in every-day life. In the high-heeled's case, the displacement of COP increases in 200% as against bare footed. Also the velocity variation of COP grows three times than the bare footed. COP analysis in postural balance study of high-heeled women is also considered useful in development of the safety systems that prevent high-heeled women from falling

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COPI 소낭 구성체인 α-COP의 돌연변이가 균류 세포벽 합성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Mutation in α-COP, A Subunit of the COPI Vesicle, on Cell Wall Biogenesis in Fungi)

  • 이환희;박희문
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2007
  • 세포벽은 진균류의 생존과 삼투안전성 유지에 필수적인 구조체로, 세포부착성 단백질이나 가수분해효소 등과 같은 생물학적 활성을 갖는 다양한 단백질이 결합하거나 그 속에 자리잡고 작용할 수 있게 한다. 최근 효모류인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae와 사상균인 Aspergillus nidulans에서 세포 내 단백질 분비 소낭의 하나인 COPI 소낭을 구성하는 ${\alpha}-COP$ 단백질에 돌연변이가 일어날 경우, 온도의존적 삼투감수성이 나타나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 사실은 ${\alpha}-COP$이 베타-1,3-글루칸 합성효소 복합체를 구성하는 단백질과 세포벽 단백질의 이송과정에 중요한 역할을 함으로써 세포벽 안정성 유지에 기여함을 시사하는 것이다. 본 총설에서는 세포 내 단백질 이송기구 중에서도 COPI 소낭을 구성하는 ${\alpha}-COP$과 균류의 세포벽 형성과정과의 관계에 대하여 기술하는 한편, 단백질 분비기구에 결손이 생긴 돌연변 이주를 이용한 세포벽 합성기작에 대한 기초 및 응용연구의 가능성에 대하여 검토하여 보았다.

Correlation between Gait Speed and Velocity of Center of Pressure Progression during Stance Phase in the Older Adults with Cognitive Decline: A Pilot Study

  • Seon, Hee-Chang;Lee, Han-Suk;Ko, Man-Soo;Park, Sun-Wook
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2020
  • PURPOSE: The progression of the center of pressure (COP) velocity of the stance phase may have important roles for predicting gait speed in older adults with cognitive decline. This study was conducted to identify the correlation between gait speed and the velocity of COP progression during the stance phase in older adults with cognitive decline. METHODS: Forty adults aged 65 years or older (twenty participants without cognitive decline, 20 participants with cognitive decline) were recruited. The COP progression velocity was measured using an F-scan pressure-sensitive insole system. The stance phase was divided into four sub-stages. (loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, and pre-swing). Gait speed, double support phase, and cadence were also measured. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Gait speed was associated with the COP progression velocity in midstance (r = .719, p < .05), cadence (r = .719, p < .05) and the COP progression velocity in loading response velocity (r = .515, p < .05) in older adults with cognitive decline. However, no correlation was found in older adults without cognitive decline. In multiple regression analysis using gait speed as a dependent variable, the COP progression velocity in midstance and cadence were significant predictors of gait speed, with the COP progression velocity being the most significant predictor. CONCLUSION: The COP progression velocity is an important factor for predicting gait speed in older adults with cognitive decline, suggesting that the cognitive function influences gait speed and the velocity of COP progression.

암모니아 대체 자연냉매를 이용하는 2단압축 1단팽창 냉동시스템의 성능예측 (Performance Analysis of 2-Stage Compression and 1-Stage Expansion Refrigeration System using Alternative Natural Refrigerants)

  • 노건상
    • 한국가스학회지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.42-47
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문에서는 규제 프레온냉매 R22의 대체 자연냉매의 후보인 R290(프로판), R600(부탄), R717(암모니아), R1270(프로필렌)을 작동유체로 사용하는 2단압축 1단팽창 냉동시스템의 성능 특성을 비교하였다. $-20^{\circ}C{\sim}-50^{\circ}C$ 정도의 저온을 얻기 위해 사용되는 2단압축 1단팽창 냉동장치에서의 증발온도, 응축온도, 과열도 및 과냉각도의 변화에 따른 성능계수(COP) 변화를 규명하고자 하였다. 성능특성 규명 결과, 과냉각도 및 중간냉각기에서의 냉매유량 증가에 따라 시스템의 COP는 증가하였으나, 증발온도, 응축온도 및 과열도가 증가할수록 COP는 저하되는 결과를 나타내었다. 또한, 자연냉매를 사용하는 2단압축 1단팽창 냉동시스템의 COP는 규제 프레온냉매 R22를 사용하는 경우보다 높기 때문에 자연냉매를 사용하고자 하는 냉동시스템의 안전성이 확보되면 충분히 대체 냉매로서의 경쟁력이 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

The Antimicrobial Peptide CopA3 Inhibits Clostridium difficile Toxin A-Induced Viability Loss and Apoptosis in Neural Cells

  • Yoon, I Na;Hwang, Jae Sam;Lee, Joon Ha;Kim, Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.30-36
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    • 2019
  • Numerous studies have reported that enteric neurons involved in controlling neurotransmitter secretion and motility in the gut critically contribute to the progression of gut inflammation. Clostridium difficile toxins, which cause severe colonic inflammation, are also known to affect enteric neurons. Our previous study showed that C. difficile toxin A directly induces neural cell toxicities, such as viability loss and apoptosis. In the current study, we attempted to identify a potent inhibitor of toxin A-induced neural cell toxicity that may aid in managing toxin A-induced gut inflammation. In our recent study, we found that the Korea dung beetle-derived antimicrobial peptide CopA3 completely blocked neural cell apoptosis caused by okadaic acid or 6-OHDA. Here, we examined whether the antimicrobial peptide CopA3 inhibited toxin A-induced neural cell damage. In neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, CopA3 treatment protected against both apoptosis and viability loss caused by toxin A. CopA3 also completely inhibited activation of the pro-apoptotic factor, caspase-3. Additionally, CopA3 rescued toxin A-induced downregulation of neural cell proliferation. However, CopA3 had no effect on signaling through ROS/p38 $MAPK/p27^{kip1}$, suggesting that CopA3 inhibits toxin A-induced neural cell toxicity independent of this well-characterized toxin A pathway. Our data further suggest that ability of CopA3 to rescue toxin A-induced neural cell damage may also ameliorate the gut inflammation caused by toxin A.

건축물 용도별 내부 발열부하에 따른 수열원, 지열원 및 하이브리드 히트펌프 시스템의 에너지 성능 비교 분석 (Comparative Analysis of Energy Performance of Hydrothermal, Geothermal Source and Hybrid Heat Pump System According to Internal Heat Load for Office, School and Smart Farm)

  • 박시훈;민준기
    • 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.19-30
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    • 2022
  • In this study, comparative analysis of energy performance in Taebaek city, a test area, by applying hydrothermal, geothermal source and hybrid heat pump system to office, school and smart farms with different internal heat loads. The conclusion is as follows. In the load characteristics by use of buildings, it was found that office had a large cooling load compared to heating load, school had a large heating load compared to cooling load, and smart farm had only cooling load year-round. Performance analysis of the heat pump system in office shows that the cooling COP of the hydrothermal source is 5.12% and the heating COP is 3.22% lower based on the geothermal source, the cooling COP of the hybrid is 0.41% higher, and the heating COP is the difference in performance appeared sparsely. The performance analysis of the heat pump system in school showed that the cooling COP of the hydrothermal source was 10.44% and the heating COP 3.22% lower based on the geothermal source, and the performance difference between the hybrid cooling and heating COP was insignificant. Heat pump system performance analysis in smart farm only occurred with cooling load. Based on geothermal sources, the cooling COP of the hydrothermal source was 46% and the cooling COP of the hybrid was 19.65%, respectively.

예측된 그리고 예측되진 않은 갑작스런 상지로의 부하 적용시 요통 환자와 정상인의 압력 중심 이동 및 근활성 개시에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Center of Pressure Displacement and Muscle Activation Onset during Expected and Unexpected Sudden Upper Limb Loading in Subjects with Low Back Pain and Healthy Subjects)

  • 채윤원
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: This study was to compare the effect of center of pressure(COP) displacement and muscle activation onset during expected and unexpected sudden limb loading in subjects with low back pain and healthy control subjects. Most studies of COP displacement and muscle activation onset on postural task focused on sudden trunk loading or gross limb movements. Investigation of the COP displacement and muscle activation onset during expected and unexpected sudden upper limb loading deserves similar attention. Methods: For this study, 14 subjects with low back pain and 12 healthy control subjects are participated. Force plate and surface EMG measures were used to determine COP displacement and muscle activation onset under expected and unexpected sudden upper limb loading. Results: COP displacement and muscle activation onset under unexpected sudden upper limb loading were similar in subjects with low back pain and healthy control subjects. However, COP displacement and muscle activation onset under expected sudden upper limb loading were shortened in healthy control subject but not among the subjects with low back pain. Conclusion: The results provide evidence for impaired feed-forward control in subjects with low back pain.

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Performance of A Three-Stage Condensation Heat Pump

  • Lee, Yoon-Hak;Jung, Dong-Soo;Kim, Chong-Bo
    • International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.55-68
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    • 1999
  • In this study, computer simulation programs were developed for single-stage, two-stage, and three-stage condensation heat pumps and their performance with CFC11, HCFC123, HCFC141b was examined under the same external conditions. The results showed that the coefficient of performance(COP) of an optimized 'non-split type' three-stage condensation heat pump is 25-42% higher than that of a conventional single-stage heat pump. The increase in COP, however, differed among the fluids tested. The improvement in COP is largely due to the decrease in average LMTDs in condensers, which results in the decrease in thermodynamic irreversibility in heat exchange process. For the three-stage heat pump, the highest COP is achieved when the total condenser area is evenly distributed among the three condensers. For the two-stage heat pump, however, the optimum distribution of the total condenser area varies with an individual working fluid. For the three-stage system, 'splitting the condenser cooling water'for the use of intermediate and high pressure subcoolers helps increase the COP further. When the individual cooling water entering the intermediate and high pressure subcoolers is roughly 10% of the total condenser cooling water, the maximum COP is achieved showing roughly an 11% increase in COP as compared to that of the 'non-split type' heat pump.

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