• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.3260-3271
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• 2022

Experience shows that the solution to waste management in any national programme is lengthy and burdened with uncertainties. There are several uncertainties that contribute to the costs associated with spent fuel management. In this work, we have analysed the impact of the current nuclear data on the isotopic composition of the spent fuel and consequently their influence on the main spent fuel observables such as decay heat, activity, neutron multiplication factor, and neutron and photon source terms. Nuclear libraries based on the most general nuclear data ENDF/B-VII.0, ENDF/B-VII.1, ENDF/B-VIII.0 and JEFF-3.3 are considered. A typical NPP Krško fuel assembly is analysed using the Monte Carlo code Serpent 2. The analysis considers burnup of up to 60 GWd/tU and cooling times of up to 100 years. The comparison of results showed significant differences, which should be taken into account when selecting the library and evaluating the uncertainty in determining the characteristics of the spent fuel.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.449-469
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• 2011

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineering during 2010. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Research trends of thermal and fluid engineering have been surveyed as groups of general thermal and fluid flow, fluid machinery, and new and renewable energy. Various topics were presented in the field of general thermal and fluid flow. Research issues mainly focused on the thermal reliability of axial fan and compressor in the field of fluid machinery. Studies on the design of ground source heat pump systems and solar chemical reactors were executed in the field of new and renewable energy. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included heat transfer in thermoelectric cooling/power generation systems, combined heat and power systems, carbon nano fluid with PVP, channel filled with metal foam and smoke ventilation in a rescue station of a railroad tunnel. Also the studies on flow boiling of R123/oil mixture in a plain tube bundle and R410A charge amount in an air cooled mini-channel condenser were reported. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, enthalpy exchanger, micro channel PCHE were performed. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included heat transfer in thermoelectric cooling/power generation systems, combined heat and power systems, carbon nano fluid with PVP, channel filled with metal foam and smoke ventilation in a rescue station of a railroad tunnel. Also the studies on flow boiling of R123/oil mixture in a plain tube bundle and R410A charge amount in an air cooled mini-channel condenser were reported. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, enthalpy exchanger, micro channel PCHE were performed. (3) Refrigeration systems with alternative refrigerants such as hydrocarbons, mixed refrigerants, and CO2 were studied. Performance improvement of refrigeration systems are tried applying various ideas of refrigerant subcooling, dual evaporator with hot gas bypass control and feedforward control. The hybrid solar systems combining the solar collection devices with absorption chillers or compression heat pumps are simulated and studied experimentally as well to improve the understanding and the feasibility for actual applications. (4) Research trend in the field of mechanical building facilities has been found to be mainly focused on field applications rather than performance improvements. Various studies on heating and cooling systems, HVAC facilities, indoor air environments and energy resources were carried to improve the maintenance and management of building service equipments. In the field of heating and cooling systems, papers on a transformer cooling system, a combined heat and power, a slab thermal storage and a heat pump were reported. In the field of HVAC facilities, papers on a cooling load, an ondol and a drying were presented. Also, studies on HVAC systems using unutilized indoor air environments and energy resources such as air curtains, bioviolence, cleanrooms, ventilation, district heating, landfill gas were studied. (5) In the field of architectural environment and energy, studies of various purposes were conducted such as indoor environment, building energy, renewable energy and green building. In particular, renewable energy and building energy-related researches have mainly been studied reflecting the global interest. In addition, many researches which related the domestic green building certification of school building were performed to improve the indoor environment of school.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.1098-1125
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• 2000

A review on the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineering in 1998 and 1999 has been done. Focus has been put on current status of research in the aspect of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation and building environment. The conclusions are as follows. 1) A review of the recent studies on fluid flow, turbomachinery and pipe-network shows that many experimental investigations are conducted in applications of impingement jets. Researches on turbulent flows, pipe flows, pipe-networks are focused on analyses of practical systems and prediction of system performance. The results of noise reduction in the turbomachinery are also reported. 2) A review of the recent studies on heat transfer analysis and heat exchanger shows that there were many papers on the channel flow with the application to the design of heat exchanger in the heat transfer analysis. Various experimental and numerical papers on heat exchanger were also published, however, there were few papers available for the analysis of whole system including heat exchanger. 3) A review of the recent studies on heat pump system have focused on the multi-type system and the heat pump cycle to utilize treated sewage as the heat source. The defrosting and the frosting behaviors in the fin-tube heat exchanger is experimentally examined by several authors. Several papers on the ice storage cooling system are presented to show the dynamic simulation program and optimal operation conditions. The study on the micro heat pipes for the cooling of high power electronic components is carried out to examine the characteristics of heat and mass transfer processed. In addition to these, new type of separate thermosyphon is studied experimentally. 4) The recent studies on refrigeration/air conditioning system have focused on the system performance and efficiency for new alternative refrigerants. New systems operating with natural refrigerants are drawing lots of attention. In addition to these, evaporation and condensation heat transfer characteristics of traditional and new refrigerants are investigated for plain tubes and also for microfin tubes. Capillary tubes and orifice are main topics of research as expansion devices and studies on thermophysical properties of new refrigerants and refrigerant/oil mixtures are widely carried out. 5) A review of the recent studies on absorption cooling system shows that numerous experimental and analytical studies on the improvement of absorber performance have been presented. Dynamic analysis of compressor have been performed to understand its vibration characteristics. However research works on tow-phase flow and heat transfer, which could be encountered in the refrigeration system and various phase-change heat exchanger, were seemed to be insufficient. 6) A review of recent studies on duct system shows that the methods for circuit analysis, and flow balancing have been presented. Researches on ventilation are focused on the measurement of ventilation efficiency, and variation of ventilation efficiency with ventilation methods by numerous experimental and numerical studies. Furthermore, many studies have been conducted in real building in order to estimate indoor thermal environments. Many research works to get some information for cooling tower design have been performed but are insufficient. 7) A review on the recent studies on architectural thermal environment and building mechanical systems design shows that thermal comfort analysis is sitting environment, thermal performance analysis of Korean traditional building structures., and evaluation of building environmental load have been performed. However research works to improve the performance of mechanical system design and construction technology were seemed to be insufficient.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2015

원자력 발전이 중요한 에너지 공급역할을 담당하기 위해서는 안전성을 확보하고, 사용 후 핵연료 문제를 해결하여야 한다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 소듐이나 납비스무스 공융합금 등과 같은 액체금속을 냉각재로 이용하는 방안이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 액체금속 유동모사 실증 설비 개발을 위한 설계변수 검토, 설계 해석, 구조재의 선정 및 설비 개발 결과를 서술하였다. 설비의 개발은 열수력 해석코드의 해석을 통해 수행되었고 충분한 자연순환 유량을 갖는 설비제작 기술을 확보하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 열처리 전 후의 보론강 레이저 용접성을 비교하는 것이다. 일반적으로 보론강이 핫스탬핑 공정에 사용되고 있으며, 핫스탬핑 공정은 강판을 오스테나이트 온도까지 가열한 후 성형과 동시에 냉각하는 방법이다. 열처리후 보론강은 1500 MPa 이상의 고강도를 가진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 보론강 및 핫스탬핑강의 레이저 용접성을 조사한 후 비교하였다. CW 디스크 레이저를 이용하여 레이저 출력 및 용접속도를 변화시켜가며 맞대기 및 겹치기 용접을 실시하였다. 맞대기 용접 결과, 핫스탬핑강에서 완전 용입을 얻을 수 있는 임계냉각속도가 보론강보다 낮았으며, 겹치기 용접결과 완전 관통이 일어난 용접 조건에서는 접합부 폭은 용접속도와 관계없이 거의 유사하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.132-139
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• 1995

Al-Mg-Cu-Mn계 합금을 가공열처리하고 초소성 특성을 조사한 후 광학 및 전자 현미경을 이용하여 초소성에 영향을 미치는 주요한 인자들을 조사하였다. 균질화 과정에서 제거되지 않은 조대한 2차상들은 그 후의 가공열처리 과정에서도 계속 잔류하여 초소성 변형 중 기공을 유발함으로써ㅓ 초소성 신율을 저하시켰다. 반면에 가공열처리 과정에서 생성된 미세한 석출물은 결정립 성장을 억제하여 조직을 안정화함으로써 초소성 특성을 향상시켰다. 균질화처리 조건은 2차상의 크기과 분포에 큰 영향을 주어 2단계 균질화-공냉처리는 1단계 균질화-노냉처리보다 조대한 2차상의 제거와 미세석출물의 생성에 효과적이었다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2004

This paper describes the development and fabrication of a high temperature superconducting motor which consists of HTS rotor and air-core stator. The machine was designed for the rated power of 100hp at 1800 rpm. The HTS field windings are composed of the double-pancake coils wound with AMSC's SUS-reinforced Bi-2223 tape conductor. These were assembled on the support structure and fixed by a bandage of glass-fiber composite. The cooling system is based on the heat transfer mechanism of the thermosyphon by using GM cryocooler as cooling source. The cold head is in contact with the condenser of a Ne-filled thermosyphon. The rotor assembly was tested independently at the stationary state and combined with stator. Characteristic parameters such as reactances, inductances, and time constants were determined to obtain a consistent overview of the machine operation properties. This motor has met all design parameters by demonstrating HTS field winding, cryogenic refrigeration systems and an air-core armature winding cooled with air. The HTS field winding could be cooled down below 30K. No-load test of open-circuit characteristics(OCC) and short-circuit characteristics(SCC) and load test with resistive load bank were conducted in generator mode. Maximum operating current of field winding at 30K was 120A. From OCC and SCC test results synchronous inductance and synchronous reactance were 2.4mH, 0.49pu, respectively. Efficiency of this HTS machine was 93.3% in full load(100hp) test. This paper will present design, construction, and basic experimental test results of the 100hp HTS machine.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2007

Geothermal heat pump systems use the earth as a heat source in heating mode and a heat sink in cooling mode. These systems can be used for heating or cooling systems in farm facilities such as greenhouses for protected horticulture, cattle sheds, mushroom house, etc. A horizontal type means that a geothermal heat exchanger is laid in the trench buried in 1.2 to 1.8 m depth. Because a horizontal type has advantages of low installation, operation and maintenance costs compared to a vertical type, it is easy to be adopted to agriculture. In this study, to heat and cool farm facilities and obtain basic data for practical application of horizontal geothermal heat pump systems in agriculture, a horizontal geothermal heat pump system of 10 RT scale was installed in greenhouse. Heating performance of this system was estimated. The horizontal geothermal heat pump used in this study had heating COP of 4.57 at soil temperature of 14$^{\circ}C$ for depth of 1.75m and heating COP of 3.75 at soil temperature of 7$^{\circ}C$ for the same depth. The stratification of water temperature in heat tank appeared during the whole heat rejection period.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2010

The indoor noise of the naval vessel is very important related to the optimum environmental conditions for crews as well as the ability of fighting power of antisubmarine. Especially, sonar equipment room is one of the rooms where require to be silent because the informations of the underwater noise are collected and analyzed in there. In this paper, the sound reduction of the TASS console, one of the main noise sources in a sonar equipment room for a typical naval vessel, is described. The noise source of this TASS console is the flowing noise of cooling fan. In order to reduce this kind of noise, the plenum chamber and acoustic elbow were developed. Related to the development of the plenum chamber, the area of the air-outlet and sound absorption of the inner lining were investigated experimentally with the evaluation system of the sound insertion loss. Acoustic elbow was also manufactured and evaluated with the evaluation system of the sound insertion loss. Finally, in order to evaluated the ability of noise reduction of the plenum chamber and acoustic elbow, the indoor noise of the sonar equipment was measured when they were appled to TASS console.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.767-773
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• 2017

Infrared stealth is an important technology for naval ships. This technology helps improve the anti-detection performance and survivability of naval ships. In general, the infrared signature of naval ships are categorized into internal and external heat source. External signature are generated by ship surface heating by solar flux as well as the complicated heat transfer process with the surrounding weather condition. Modern naval ships are equipped with seawater injection nozzles on the outside for nuclear, biological and, chemical, and these nozzles are used to control external signature. Wide nozzle placement intervals and insufficient injection pressure, however, have reduced seawater dispersion area. To address this problem, nozzle installation standards must be established. In this study, an actual-scale experimental system was implemented to provide the evidence for nozzle installation standards in order to reduce the infrared signature of naval ships. In addition, the environmental conditions of the experiment were set up through computational fluid dynamics considering the ocean climate data and naval ship management conditions of South Korea. The dispersion distance was measured using a high-resolution thermography system. The flow rate, pipe pressure, and dispersion distance were analyzed, and the evidence for the installation of seawater injection nozzles and operation performance standards was suggested.