• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.99-114
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• 2013

This study examined the relationships between children's cool executive function(cool EF), hot executive function(hot EF) and self-regulation according to the developmental changes. Children aged 3-5 years (N = 104) participated in this study. The participants completed cool and hot EF tasks and teachers reported on the children's cognitive regulation, emotional regulation, and behavioral regulation by means of questionnaires. The results indicated that cool EF and hot EF had different developmental patterns according to different age groups. High levels of cool/hot EF predicted better abilities in terms of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral regulation respectively. The relationship between coo/hot EF and cognitive/behavioral regulation were moderated by age, except in the case of emotional regulation. This paper also offers a detailed discussion of results and recommendations for future studies.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2012

The current study examined 3- and 4-year-olds' affective decision-making in a variety of cultural contexts by comparing European Canadian children to Chinese Canadian, Hong Kong Chinese, and mainland Chinese children (N = 245). All children were tested with a delay of gratification task in which children chose between an immediate reward of lower value and a delayed reward of higher value. Results showed that Chinese Canadian and Hong Kong Chinese children chose more delayed rewards than European Canadian children, with mainland Chinese children showing a trend toward more delayed rewards. Across cultures, 4-year-olds chose more delayed rewards than 3-year-olds; and among 4-year-olds, girls made more such choices than boys. The findings are consistent with previous findings that exposure to Chinese culture is associated with better cool executive function, but they also highlight the importance of examining development across diverse cultural contexts.