• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.485-492
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• 2021

In this study, the whitening effect of Abelmoschus esculentus extract was investigated to confirm its applicability in cosmetics. To determine the whitening effect, the tyrosinase-inhibitory activity of Abelmoschus esculentus hot water extract (AEWE) and 70% ethanol extract (AEEE) was measured. At the final concentration of 1000 ㎍/ml, AEWE showed an inhibitory activity of 22.2% and AEEE of 32.8%. To determine the whitening effect at the cellular level, the viability of melanoma cells treated with AEWE and AEEE was evaluated using the MTT assay. At concentrations of 100 ㎍/ml or less, both AEWE- and AEEE-treated groups showed cell survival rates of >95%. Furthermore, in both AEWE- and AEEE-treated melanoma cells, the melanin content decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of AEWE and AEEE used at 5, 10, 50, and 100 ㎍/ml on protein expression were measured by western blot, with β-actin as the positive control. At a concentration of 100 ㎍/ml, AEWE showed an inhibitory effect of 88.1%, 24.8%, 62.2%, and 42.9% on microphthalmia-associated transcription factors (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 factors, respectively. At the same concentration, AEEE showed inhibitory effect of 65.3%, 58.3%, 66.2%, and 65.3% against MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 factors, respectively. In conclusion, the whitening effects of AEWE and AEEE were verified, and their applicability as a natural ingredient in cosmetics was confirmed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

As the demand for wearable devices increases, many studies have been studied on the development of flexible electrode materials recently. In particular, the development of high-performance flexible electrode materials is very important for wearable sensors for healthcare because it is necessary to continuously monitor and accurately detect body information such as body temperature, heart rate, blood glucose, and oxygen concentration in real time. In this study, we fabricated the nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on polyaniline/carbon nanotube fiber (PANI/CNT fiber) electrode. PANI layer was synthesized on the flexible CNT fiber electrode through electrochemical polymerization process in order to improve the performance of a flexible CNT fiber based electrode material. Surface morphology of the PANI/CNT fiber electrode was observed by scanning electron microscopy. And its electrochemical characteristics were investigated by chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Compared to bare CNT fiber electrode, this PANI/CNT fiber electrode exhibited small electron transfer resistance, low peak separation potential and large surface area, resulting in enhanced sensing properties for glucose such as wide linear range (0.024~0.39 and 1.56~50 mM), high sensitivity (52.91 and 2.24 ㎂/mM·cm²), low detection limit (2 μM) and good selectivity. Therefore, it is expected that it will be possible to develop high performance CNT fiber based flexible electrode materials using various nanomaterials.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.361-370
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• 2022

This paper suggested a plan to increase the start-up survival rate by identifying independent variables that significantly affect start-up success through analysis of the founder's internal and external factors. As a result of this study, it was found that internal factors (financial ability, risk sensitivity) and external factors (start-up environment, start-up support policy) had a direct positive (+) effect on start-up success. Meanwhile, self-efficacy for business models partially mediated the relationship between factors(financing ability, risk sensitivity, start-up environment and start-up support policies) and start-up success. Self-efficacy for business models fully mediated the relationship between factors(start-up expertise and challenge spirit) and start-up success. Finally, trust in business models partially mediated the relationship between factors(start-up expertise, risk sensitivity, and start-up support policies) and start-up success. And the trust in business models fully mediated the factors(the spirit of challenge, start-up environment) and start-up success.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2022

Installing Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) is one of the economical ways to resolve the challenges of noise, vibration, and the open-deck steel railway bridge impact, and the SSF method using the interlocking sleeper fastener has recently been developed. In this study, the method employed for determining the optimum vertical stiffness of the sleeper pad installed under the bridge sleeper, which is utilized to adjust the rail height and absorb shock when the train passes when the interlocking sleeper fastener is applied, is presented. To determine the optimal vertical stiffness of the sleeper pad, related existing design codes are reviewed, and, running safety, ride comfort, track safety, and bridge vibration according to the change in the vertical stiffness of the sleeper pad are estimated via flexible multi-body dynamic analysis,. The flexible multi-body dynamic analysis is performed using commercial programs ABAQUS and VI-Rail. The numerical analysis is conducted using the bridge model for a 30m-long plate girder bridge, and the response is calculated when passing ITX Saemaeul and KTX vehicles and freight wagon when the vertical stiffness of the sleeper pad is altered from 7.5 kN/mm to 240 kN/mm. The optimum stiffness of the sleeper pad is calculated as 200 kN/mm under the conditions of the track components applied to the numerical analysis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the moderated effects of emotional intelligence on the relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction among high school students. Subjects were 207 associate high school students. The data were collected using self -report questionnaire from December 1 to December 23, 2019. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 23. Mean point of academic stress(5 point scale) was 2.75, emotional intelligence(5 point scale) was 3.63 and smartphone addiction(4 point scale) was 2.18. Academic stress were negative correlation with emotional intelligence(r=-.15, p =.030) and positive correlation with smartphone addiction(r=.25, p<.001). Emotional intelligence were negative correlation with smartphone addiction(r=-.25, p<.001). Emotional intelligence has been shown to modulate the relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction(F=10.45. p<.001) Therefore, to decrease the academic stress and smartphone addiction of high school students, It is necessary to develop the program for increase emotional intelligence of high school students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2022

This study aimed to understand the current status of science and engineering university(SEU) R&D operations depending on the research project characteristics(e.g., stages and characteristics), then provide implications for future university R&D support systems and related policies. Hence, an online survey targeting SEU R&D recipients was conducted between October 4th to November 5th, 2021. Analyzing 445 valid data using the Apriori algorithm, 16 association rules for R&D operation according to the research project characteristics show that regardless of research characteristics, SEU's R&D projects, particularly in applied research, were funded or operated under the leadership of government or public institutions. For basic research, individual researchers had a higher level of autonomy in determining research topics; yet, they had a short duration (3 years) and a unit of evaluation period of more than 3 years. These findings can be empirical evidence for revealing the relationship among various variables in operating SEUs' R&D.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 2022

The U.K. during the war on terrorism, the number of military serviceable resources decreased and the volunteer recruitment rate decreased due to the decline in the birth rate, but faced a situation in which complex security threats from IS and Russia gradually increased. As one of the measures to overcome these challenges, the British military promoted a policy to break down existing social conservatism and assign female personnel to close combat positions. The British military formed a consensus within the military through discovery of female military use cases, longitudinal studies, and combat experiments, and then conducted strategic communication to form a social consensus and collect public opinions. In addition, to improve the reliability of the policy, established a combat fitness evaluation system that any combatant who performs close combat should pass. In Korea, amid accelerating competition for hegemony between the U.S. and China, security threats are increasing due to a decrease in military serviceable resources caused by population cliffs. Therefore, the case of the British military will give us considerable implications while also helping to provide the direction necessary for establishing future women's workforce policies.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.402-414
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• 2022

Due to the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunication and the evolution into the media industry, viewers are adapting to the reception of content through various platforms and personal media. Accordingly, public broadcasting is seeking to change into public media that redefines public responsibility and establishes a role for a sustainable society. In particular, proving its value in the form of differentiated public services in an environment where public content is also provided by commercial services is necessary for members of society to prove the legitimacy of financial resources and services. In this paper, as the digital broadcasting era in the 2010s and the media industry was reorganized in 2020, changes in public services corresponding to the public responsibilities required of public broadcasters were analyzed through global public broadcasting cases. In particular, since the technical preparation of broadcasters and viewers is essential in the media environment, the technical direction of public services was mainly analyzed. The derived direction is a common direction applicable to all public broadcasters, including Korea. It is expected that the public responsibility and direction of technological development suggested in this paper will clarify the role of public media and help become differentiated services that contribute to life.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.288-296
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• 2022

This study aimed to verify the effect of Citrus unshiu peel water extract (CUP) on a mouse model of acute gastritis (AG) induced by HCl/ethanol. Several studies have found that CUP has anti-inflammatory effects. The AG model was induced by oral administration of 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol (550 µL) to all groups except the control group. Also, for drug treatment, sucralfate (10 mg/kg) and CUP (100 or 200 mg/kg) were orally administered for 90 minutes before induction. The effect of CUP treatment was confirmed by gross gastric mucosal damage measurement, and the levels of Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT), and myeloperoxidase were reduced as well as the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and their related proteins. In addition, the levels of inflammatory proteins, mediators, and cytokines were significantly downregulated byPI3K/Akt signaling. Taken together, these results show that CUP treatment alleviates AG by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2022

Recently, our society and environment has changed rapidly due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. In this rapidly changing environment, companies fulfill their social responsibilities and require non-financial elements of transparent management activities. ESG has become one of the non-financial factors, and interest of ESG management is increasing worldwide. In this paper, we examine the importance of ESG concept and ESG management performance and the correlation with companies, and examine the necessity of ESG management for companies in the future. The literature reviews are conducted on CU which is currently best practicing ESG management through various secondary data. Also, we used interview articles so that reflect the rich voice of the distribution industry. In addition, after examining ESG characteristics through examples of global companies, we looked at BGF Retail's CU convenience store ESG activities, which is a leader in ESG management, in distribution industry. CU was divided into all sectors of E, S, and G, and all sectors were actively engaged in activities and flexibly coping with changing environments and social needs. In particular, it was confirmed that CU's environmental management, which focuses the most, achieved successful results due to the increase in actual consumption of customers. ESG management activities at CU convenience stores are currently ongoing and future tasks. As a leading company in ESG management in the current industry, it is meaningful to understand the process of growing into a company that shares concerns, efforts, and practical activities and fulfills social responsibility. Through this study, the changes and growth of CU and domestic companies to ESG and sustainable management are expected in the futures.