• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

Automatic milking systems (AMS) have been increasingly introduced to Korean dairy farms. However, in comparison with conventional milking systems (CMS), some negative changes in milk quality are being observed. The use of AMS leads to an increase in milking frequency, which in turn might result in higher physical stress on the milk, possibly causing changes in the milk fat globule (MFG) membrane. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the different milking systems on the milk quality, with a focus on milk fat properties. At the same time, we studied the effect of feeding the dairy cows with protected fat. Raw milk samples were taken monthly from individual cows as well as from bulk tanks at four AMS and four CMS dairy farms. We measured quality-related parameters such as MFG size distribution, free fatty acid content and composition, and acid values. Although most results showed no significant differences with regard to the milking system, we found a relatively high positive correlation between MFG size and milk fat content. Moreover, larger MFG size was observed in the milk when cows had been fed protected fat. The significantly higher (P< 0.05) free fatty acid content of milk observed under this experimental condition could be attributed to higher milking frequency as a result of using AMS.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2014

This study was conducted to examine the effect of different types of milking instrument and season on milk composition (fat, protein, non-fat milk solids, milk urea nitrogen and somatic cell count) on Holstein-Friesian lactating cows. Raw milk samples were collected from 20 automatic milking system (AMS) installed dairy farms and 85 conventional milking system (CMS) installed dairy farms. Milk fat, protein, NFMS and MUN contents did not changed between AMS and CMS and different seasons. On the other hand, the average SCC in AMS was $239{\times}10^3cells/mL$ which was lower than in CMS ($373{\times}10^3cells/mL$, (p<0.05). In conclusion, present results indicated that SCC in milk might be influenced by AMS. However, this area needed more study to confirm the reason of reducing SCC content from AMS.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different milking systems (AMS, automatic milking system and CMS, conventional milking system) and of supplemental fat feeding on milk composition and milk fat characteristics. The composition, MFG (milk fat globule) size, fatty acids (FAs), and free fatty acids (FFAs) of the milk from 4 AMS and 4 CMS dairy farms were analyzed on the basis of the milking system and feeding of protected fat. The milking system did not affect milk composition, MFG size, and milk FAs, but FFA content of AMS milk were significantly higher than that of CMS milk. Feeding of protected fat resulted in the production of milk much higher in LCFAs (long chain FAs); however, the milk composition was not affected by fat supplementation. Cows administered protected fat supplements produced milk containing MFGs with a large average diameter.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.245-254
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• 2016

This investigation was carried out to study effects of different milking systems on the characteristics of Gouda cheese produced at farmstead milk-processing plants. In the first study, raw milk was collected from automatic milking system and conventional milking system farms, and Gouda cheeses were prepared under the same conditions. After 6 months of aging, the chemical composition was analyzed and free fatty acid (FFA) analysis and sensory evaluation were carried out on the products. In the second study, Gouda cheese samples were collected from seven farmstead milk-processing plants and the chemical composition and texture profile analysis were evaluated. No significant differences were found in the chemical composition of Gouda cheese according to different milking systems or different farms except crude ash. FFA analysis showed significant differences among farms, but sensory evaluation showed no significant differences. No significant differences were observed in FFA content and sensory assessment of different milking systems. Texture profile analysis revealed that there were significant differences in each cheese made at different farm plants, but there were no differences when different milking systems were used.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to investigate effects of auto milking system (AMS) on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cow using dairy herd improvement (DHI) record. DHI records for 147 cows were compared between a year before and after AMS use. AMS significantly increased daily milk yield compared with the conventional milking system (30.4kg vs 34.3 kg for CMS and AMS, respectively). There were no significant differences in the contents of milk fat (3.7% vs 3.8% for CMS and AMS) and milk protein (3.2% vs 3.2% for CMS and AMS) between CMS and AMS. But the yields of milk fat and milk protein were significantly higher for AMS than for CMS. Average somatic cell counts were 169,400/ml (1st grade) before AMS use but increased by 314,400/ml (2nd grade) after AMS use. Overall, AMS increased milk yield and the yields of milk fat and protein without affecting milk composition but also increased somatic cell count.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the difficulties of dairy farms in practicing 6th industrialization and methods for overcoming these difficulties. A qustionnaire survey was carried out to examine the present states of farms, recognition of the farmstead milk-processing market situation, possibility of farmstead milk processing for reducing the raw milk surplus, assessment of government policies, and difficulties dairy farmers confront in realizing the 6th industrialization. Farm sizes, types, and human resources organizations varied between farms. Most farmers were producing yogurt and/or fresh (string or barbecue) cheeses, which were marketed through 'Visit and Purchase' channel. Farmers who answered the questionnaire were relatively positive about the current situation of farmstead milk processing, expecting to be involved in the disposal of excess raw milk. Nevertheless, they responded negatively about current relevant policies, citing the main difficulties caused by 'excessive regulation'. Other barriers to successful '6th industrialization' are difficulties in marketing and lack of funds. Approximately 19% of dairy farms practicing the '6th industrialization' use automatic milking system (AMS) and 38.46% of dairy farmers whose milking depends on conventional milking system intend to introduce AMS in the future. Positive expectations of AMS adoption were mostly related to 'lack of time and labor', 'exhibiting for tourism', and 'succession of dairying'.