• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2020

To shorten the construction times of nuclear facility structures, three high-strength concrete mixtures were developed with specific consideration given to their curing temperatures, their economic efficiency, and the practicality of their quality control. This study was conducted to examine the temperature rise profiles of these three concrete mixtures and the potential for early-age thermal cracking in the primary containment vessel of a nuclear reactor with a wall thickness of 1200 mm. The one-layer placement height of the concrete for the primary containment vessel was increased from the conventional 3 m to 3.5 m. A nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted using the thermal properties of concrete determined from the isothermal hydration and adiabatic hydration tests, and tuned through comparisons made with temperature rise profiles obtained for 1200-mm-thick mock-up wall specimens cured at temperatures of 5, 20, and 35℃. The hydration heat performance of the three concrete mixtures and their potential to produce thermal cracking in nuclear facilities indicate that the mixtures have considerable potential for practical application to the primary containment vessel of a nuclear reactor at various curing temperatures, fulfilling the minimum requirements of the ACI 301 and minimizing the likelihood of the occurrence of thermal cracks.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2017

The interconnecting shingled solar cells method shows extremely high ratio active area per total area and has the excellent potential for high power PV (photovoltaic). Compared to the conventional module, it can have much more active area due to busbar-free structure. The properties of ECA (electrically conductive adhesives) are significant to fabricate the shingled array PV since it should be used in terms of electric and structural connection. Various ECA were tried and characterized to optimize the soldiering conditions. The open circuit voltage of shingled array cells showed a three-fold increase and efficiency was also increased by 1.63%. The shingled array cells used in CE3103WLV showed the highest power and in CA3556HF the lowest curing temperature and very fast curing time.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.816-822
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any difference in the mean porosity of denture base resin cured by microwave energy, when the liquid monomers of denture resin(K-33 : methyl methacrylate for conventional water bath curing or Acron MC : special monomer for microwave curing) and/or the thicknesses of denture base($5{\times}10{\times}60mm\;or\;10{\times}10{\times}60mm$) were varied. The mean porosities of k-33 specimens cured in water bath with two different thicknesses were used as control. The results were as follows : 1. Regardless of specimen thickness, Acron MC cured by microwave energy showed the least mean porosity, followed by K-33 cured by water bath heat, and K-33 cured by microwave energy showed the highest level of mean porosity(P<0.05). 2. In both K-33 and Acron MC cured by microwave energy the mean porosities of 5mm thickness groups were lower than those of 10mm thickness groups(P<0.05). But no significant difference was found in mean porosity between 5mm thickness and 10mm thickness of water bath heat cured groups made of K-33(P>0.05).

• 폴리머
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2004

기존의 에폭시/실리카 나노복합재료의 제조 방법에서 나타나는 문제점인 경화 반응 중의 휘발성 부산물 생성에 의한 미세기공 형성 및 치수 불안전성 등을 극복하고자 Si-N 전구체를 사용한 새로운 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 실리카 전구체로 부산물이 형성되지 않는 메틸트리페닐실란 (MTPS)을 합성하고 이를 이용하여 솔-젤 반응과 에폭시 경화 반응이 병행되는 동시 복합화 반응을 통하여 무기상의 고른 분산상태를 지닌 에폭시/실리카 나노복합재료를 제조하였으며, 이로부터 뛰어난 투명성뿐 아니라 기계적 물성과 열적특성에서 탁월한 물성의 증가를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2023

Biopolymer stabilization is a sustainable alternative to traditional techniques that cause a lesser negative impact on the environment during production and application. The study aims to minimize the biopolymer dosages by sizing the bio-additives to the nanoscale. This study combines the advantages of bio and nanomaterials in geotechnical engineering applications and attempts to investigate the behaviour of a low viscous biopolymer, nano sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (nCMC), to treat organic soil. Soil is treated with 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% of nano-bio additive, and its effect on the plastic behaviour, compaction characteristics, strength, hydraulic conductivity (HC) and compressible nature are investigated. The strength increased by 1.68 times after 90 days of curing at a dosage of 0.5% nCMC through the formation of gel threads connecting the soil particles that stiffened the matrix. The viscosity of 1% nCMC increased exponentially, deterring fluid flow through the voids and reduced the HC by 0.85 times after curing for 90 days. Also, beyond the optimum dosage of 0.50%, the nCMC forms a film around the soil particles that inhibits the inter-particle cohesion causing a reduction in strength. Experimental results show that nCMC can effectively substitute conventional additives to stabilize the soil.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2020

목적:본 연구의 목적은 절삭가공과 적층가공으로 제작한 의치상과 직접 첨상용 레진과의 인장결합강도를 열중합형 의치상과 직접 첨상용 레진의 인장 결합강도와 비교 및 평가하여 절삭가공과 적층가공으로 제작한 의치상의 직접 첨상을 임상에 활용하고자 하는 것이다. 재료 및 방법:열중합형 의치상 레진(Lucitone 199), 절삭가공용 의치상 레진(VITA VIONIC BASE), 적층가공용 의치상 레진(NextDent Base)을 이용해 가로 25 mm × 세로 25 mm × 높이 3 mm의 직육면체 형태로 제작하였다. 제작한 의치상 레진 시편을 30일간 37℃ 증류수에 보관한 뒤, 건조하여 자가중합형 polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA) 직접 첨상용 레진(REBASE II Normal)을 사용해 결합하였다. 절삭가공과 적층가공용 의치상 레진을 실험군으로, 열중합형 의치상 레진을 대조군으로 설정하고 각 군 당 10개의 시편을 제작하였다. 모든 시편을 24시간 동안 37℃ 증류수에 보관한 뒤 꺼내어 만능시험기를 이용해 10 mm/min의 cross head speed로 인장결합강도를 측정하였고, 파절 양상을 관찰하여 접착 파절, 응집 파절, 혼합 파절로 분류하였다. 의치상의 제작 방법에 따른 직접 첨상용 레진과의 인장결합강도를 일원배치 분산분석으로 분석하였고 사후검정(Bonferroni's method)을 시행하였다 (α= .05). 결과:절삭가공용 의치상 레진과 직접 첨상용 레진과의 인장결합강도(2.33 ± 0.39 MPa)는 열중합형 의치상과 직접 첨상용 레진과의 인장결합강도(2.45 ± 0.39 MPa)와 통계적으로 유의성 있는 차이가 없었다 (P > .999). 적층가공한 의치상 레진과 직접 첨상용 레진과의 인장결합강도(1.23 ± 0.36 MPa)는 나머지 두 군보다 유의성 있게 낮았다 (P < .001). 열중합형과 절삭가공한 의치상에서는 혼합 파절이 가장 많이 나타났으며, 적층가공한 의치상에서는 혼합 파절과 접착 파절이 동일한 빈도로 나타났다. 결론:직접 첨상용 레진과 다양한 방법으로 제작한 의치상의 인장결합강도를 비교하였을 때 적층가공으로 제작한 의치상은 절삭가공으로 제작한 의치상, 열중합형 의치상보다 유의하게 낮은 인장결합강도를 보였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.368-375
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• 2009

This paper describes field installation and load test results performed for three types of micropiles in the process of developing a new micropiling method. Field tests were performed for two conventional types(i.e., micropile reinforced with steel bar and gravity grouting, micropile reinforced with steel bar and steel casing and gravity grouting) and a proposed type(i.e., micropile reinforced with hollow steel pipe wrapped with geotextile-pack and pressurized grouting). The load test results subjected to axial compression and tension and lateral loading conditions are described in this paper. The micropiles were exposed in the air in order to verify the installation quality and curing condition of grouting material via ground excavation. Axial compression and tension test results indicate that the new micropile type provide at least 40% higher bearing capacity than that of conventional types. Based on the examination of exposed piles, it is induced that the proposed method, packed micropile, provides better interlocking between grouts and surrounding soils and increases higher frictional resistance comparing to conventional types.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-69
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• 2016

This work investigates the mechanical properties of conventional concrete (CC) and self compacting concrete (SCC) using fine rubber and silpozz were accompanied by a comparative study between conventional rubberized concrete (CRC) and self compacting rubberized concrete (SCRC). Fine rubber (FR) from scrap tires has replaced the fine aggregate (FA) and Silpozz has been used as a replacement of cement at the proportions of 5, 10 and 15%. Silpozz as a partial replacement of cement in addition of superplasticiser (SP) increases the strength of concrete. Fresh concrete properties such as slump test, compaction factor test for CRC, whereas for SCRC slump flow, $T_{500}$, V-funnel, L-box, U-box, J-ring tests were conducted along with the hardened properties tests like compressive, split tensile and flexural strength test at 7, 28 and 90 days of curing. The durability and microstructural behavior for both CRC and SCRC were investigated. FR used in the present study is 4.75 mm passing with fineness modulus 4.74.M30 grade concrete is used with a mix proportion of 1:1.44:2.91 and w/c ratio as 0.43. The results indicate that as FR quantity increases, workability of both CRC and SCRC decreases. The results also show that the replacement of natural fine aggregate (NFA) with FR particles decreases the compressive strength with the increase of flexural strength observed upto 5% replacement of FR. Also replacement of cement with silpozz resulted enhancement of strength in SCRC.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2017

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) have turned out to be a vital portion of extraordinary strength and performance concrete. Metakaolin (MK) is one of SCM material is acquired by calcinations of kaolinite. Universally utilised as pozzolanic material in concrete to enhance mechanical and durability properties. This study investigates the fresh and hardened properties of conventional concrete (CC) and self compacting concrete (SCC) by partially replacing cement with MK in diverse percentages. In CC and SCC, partial replacement of cement with MK varies from 5-20%. Fresh concrete properties of CC are conducted by slump test and compaction factor tests and for SCC, slump flow, T500, J-Ring, L-Box, V-Funnel and U-Box tests. Hardened concrete characteristics are investigated by compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths at age of 7, 28 and 90 days of curing under water. Carbonation depth, water absorption and density of MK based CC and SCC was also computed. Fresh concrete test results indicated that increase in MK replacement increases workability of concrete in a constant w/b ratio. Also, outcomes reveal that concrete integrating MK had greater compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths. Optimum replacement level of MK for cement was 10%, which increased mechanical properties and robustness properties of concrete.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2001

복합레진의 광중합시간 단축과 관련하여 최근에 개발된 고강도 할로겐광 중합기를 기존의 중강도 할로겐광 중합기와 비교 평가하기 위하여, 세 종류의 광중합용 복합레진을 두께가 2, 3, 4, 5mm인 스테인레스 스틸 몰드에 충전하고, 레진 상면을 중강도 할로겐광은 (1) $400mW/cm^2$으로 40초간 고강도 할로겐광은 (2) 10초동안 $100mW/cm^2$부터 $1000mW/cm^2$까지 출력량이 증가하면서 중합하고 다음 10초동안 $1000mW/cm^2$로 중합하는 ramp 모드로 20초간, (3) $1000mW/cm^2$의 boost 모드로 10초간, (4) $850mW/cm^2$의 표준 모드로 20초간 조사하고, 상면과 하면의 표면경도를 미세경도측정기로 측정한 후 실험군간의 차이를 분석하였다. 레진 상면의 경도는 중합광의 강도와 중합시간 및 레진 두께에 따른 차이가 없었다(유의수준 0.05, 이하 동일). 레진 하면의 경도는, 두께 2mm의 중강도군(1)을 제외하고, 상면의 경도보다 낮았다. 레진 하면의 경도는 두께 2mm에서 중강도군(1)이 ramp군(2) 및 boost군(3)보다 높았고 중강도군(1)과 표준군(4) 간 및 ramp군(2)과 boost 군(3) 간에 차이가 없었으며, 두께 3mm에서 중강도군(1)이 가장 높았고 표준군(4)이 boost군(3)보다 높았다. 따라서, 복합레진의 중합 깊이 측면에서 볼 때, $1000mW/cm^2$의 고강도 할로겐광을 10초간 조사한 것은 $400mW/cm^2$의 중강도 할로겐 광을 40초간 조사한 것에 미치지 못하였으며, 레진 두께 2mm이내인 경우에는 $850mW/cm^2$의 고강도 할로겐광을 20초간 조사함으로써 $400mW/cm^2$의 중강도 할로겐광을 40초간 조사한 것과 대등한 중합을 일으킬 수 있었다.