• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2017

Objective: Two control rooms of a petroleum complex were ergonomically evaluated for this study using diverse drawings of the rooms. The objective of the study is to show the evaluation process and its results, assessment method and essential elements for drawing-based ergonomic evaluation. Background: Ergonomics can enhance the working environment and safety for a control room when implemented effectively. A control room design was examined by ergonomists based on ergonomic principles and well-practiced standards. This study was conducted because a construction consortium wanted to perform an ergonomic evaluation of the control rooms before the construction. Method: A simple evaluation process, composed with a pre-evaluation, an evaluation and a post-evaluation, was employed to carry out the study. ISO 11064, NUREG-0700, NUREG/CR-6150, and CRIOP were reviewed to evaluate the control rooms. The assessment ranges over the control room layout, workstations, display and control, environmental requirements and safety. Three ergonomists participated in the study and performed the evaluation for two months. Results: An experienced consortium of construction companies designed the petroleum complex and control rooms. No significant ergonomic design problems were detected. Quantitative recommendations were provided for the layout and workstation dimensions. Specific design directions were also proposed for environmental requirements and safety. Conclusion and Application: Design advice and minor potential problems were reported as results of the drawing-based ergonomic evaluation. More practical suggestions could be additionally provided if an on-site assessment was conducted. However, the ergonomic evaluation used in this study could be helpful and applied to designing and evaluating other various control rooms prior to their construction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.167-180
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate quality characteristics of chopped garlic stored at various temperature. Chopped garlic was stored at room temp.($25^{\circ}C$), refrigerator temp.($5^{\circ}C$) and frozen temp. ($-18^{\circ}C$) for 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72 hours(room temp.) and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30 days(refrigerator temp. and frozen temp.), respectively. Brown color, Hunter color value, vitamine C contents and flavor patterns by electronic noes of chopped garlic were measured. Fresh chopped garlic was used as control and garlic powder by hot air drying was used for comparisons. Brown color of chopped garlic increased with increasing storage time, and the intensity of that was reduced as following order such as chopped garlic stored at room temp., refrigerator temp. and frozen temp. Brown color of garlic powder was most dark amomg all the samples. The results of Hunter color value was consistent with then of brown color in chopped garlic, whereas those of garlic powder showed relatively low browning. Above results might be caused by the difference of measurement as only surface color was measured in Hunter color value unlike brown color. Vitamine C contents of chopped garlic decreased with increasing storage time, and in particular those stored at room temp. decreased markedly as retention of those stored at room temp. was 60％ of control after 1 day storage. Vitamine C retention of chopped garlic stored at refrigerator temp. was 78％ of control after 10 day storage and that stored at frozen temp. was 86％ of control after 30 day storage. At room temp., flavor pattern by electronic nose showed a difference between chopped garlic stored for 1hour and control, and showed occurrence of off odor after 1 day storage. Flavor pattern of garlic powder by electronic nose showed a mild flavor. Flavor patterns of chopped garlic stored at refrigerator temp. were similiar until 10 day storage, whereas those showed occurrence of volitile components after 15 day storage. Flavor patterns of chopped garlic stored at frozen temp. were similiar after 30 day storage, and especially those after 3 day storage were almost the same as control. Therefore it is desirable to store chopped garlic within 1 day at room temp. and within 10 days at refrigerator temp. And it is most desirable to store chopped garlic at frozen temp. as retention of quality characteristics was superior than other storage temp.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 1999

As the noise of ship engine room is too loud, the engineer who works in a ship engine-room has the trouble of hearing. In this paper deals the investigation of the noise of ship engine room and cabins with the internationally allowable noise exposure level and noise exposure time. Recently, the problem of engine-room noise is more serious because of shipowner wants to make small number and larger size of cylinder. Therefore, engineers work in a ship engine-room for a long time have the trouble of hearing when they are exposed the high noise level. In this study, two kinds of vessels were used to investigate the noise of engine room, engine-control room, bridge, offices and cabins. As criteria of sound levels, A-weighted sound pressure level and octave band pressure level were used.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 1999.06a
• /
• pp.773-776
• /
• 1999

For providing good quality power steadily, it is required that operators manipulate the control system of power plant with the good knowledge of power plant system and the control strategies, and cope with accidents effectively. With those requirements, it is general to train operators in power plant control room using full-scope simulator. A full scope simulator adopts the I&C instruments in the main cotrol room, so has to include I/O interface system to interface the simulation computer with I&C instruments in main control room. In already developed simulators, most of I/O interface systems are closed. vendor-dependent. proprietary systems. so have the many disadvantages in terms of cost and maintenance. In this paper. we suggest the method to configure I/O interface system for Thermal Power Plant Simulator based on standard technology which gives the advantages of ease-of-use. cost effectiveness, and simplicity of maintenanceuse by using off-the-shelf products for system integration.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2008

Currently an office in information society is advanced to a digitalized VDT office. The VDT office has a natural luminous system prioritizing visual perception and so importance of lighting design by artificial lighting is emphasized in the VDT office. The purpose of the study is to analyze Illumination and Luminance for lighting design by the standard of ergonomics in the VDT office. The study analyzed Illumination and Luminance in the main control room of an nuclear power plant needing a design of ergonomics ACR(Advanced Control Room) type Ling Ao phase II NPP MCR in Guangdong, China. The study examined the relativity of ACR characteristics to its operator's duties and set up an outline of lighting design, the standard of ergonomics and input data for the analysis. Thus, the study examined appropriateness with the standard of ergonomics setting up the analyzed Illumination and Luminance and drew a conclusion.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2009

In this paper, an example of implementation of a embedded system technology for web based monitoring and control system is presented. For it interfaces with target board as an embedded system was developed, which was applied to specific green room model and verified of its usefulness. We implemented client/server socket programs using Java classes, and web based green room monitoring and control system as an user interface using JavaApplet. The implemented system did send information of green room model to client programs well on TCP/IP and control signals from client to green room model well too.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2016

Serious electrical problems, such as shorts, ground faults, or circuits, often cause fire events in the fire proof zone of nuclear power plants. These would be directed to the loss of safe shutdown capabilities performed by safety-related systems and equipment. The fire event can be treated with the basic design principle that safety systems should maintain their functions with redundancy and independency. In the case of a cable fire in the main control room, operators cannot perform their mission properly and can misjudge the situation because of spurious operation, incorrect indication or instrument. These would deteriorate the plant capabilities of safety shutdown and result in disastrous conditions. Therefore, during a main control room fire, 5 minutes of operator action time is very important to operate the safety shutdown components. This paper describes the cable functional failure temperature criteria and conducted a cable functional failure time evaluation using Fire Dynamic Simulator to obtain the operator action time for a main control room fire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
• /
• 2011.12a
• /
• pp.101-101
• /
• 2011

The control of magnetization by an electric field at room temperature remains as one of great challenges in materials science. Multiferroics, in which magnetism and ferroelectricity coexist and couple to each other, could be the most plausible candidate to realize this long-sought capability. While recent intensive research on the multiferroics has made significant progress in sensitive, magnetic control of electric polarization, the electrical control of magnetization, the converse effect, has been observed only in a limited range far below room temperature. Here we demonstrate at room temperature the control of both electric polarization by a magnetic field and magnetization by an electric field in a multiferroic hexaferrite. The electric polarization rapidly increases in a magnetic field as low as 5 mT and the magnetoelectric susceptibility reaches up to 3200 ps/m, the highest value in single phase materials. The magnetization is also modulated up to 0.34 mB per formula unit in an electric field of 1.14 MV/m. Furthermore, this compound allows nonvolatile, magnetoelectric reading- and writing-operations entirely at room temperature. Four different magnetic/electric field writing conditions generate repeatable, distinct M versus E curves without dissipation, offering an unprecedented opportunity for a multi-bit memory or a spintronic device applications.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.32-41
• /
• 2007

The control room has been usually designed by the consideration of only one listening position for the sound engineer. By this study. many listening positions with the very similar acoustical condition were located in the specific region, so-called 'the reflection free zone', where the several engineer could evaluate the quality of sound at the same time. For constructing the reflection free zone, the control room has been designed by the concept of the $LEDE^{TM}$, and the initial time delay gap has been controled by the structure of control room and the properties of sound-absorbing materials. diffuser, Helmholtz resonator and image source of sound. The occurrence of any harmful phenomena like the standing wave, acoustic focusing. coloring. Hass effect and flutter echo, has greatly reduced in the reflection free zone.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.1232-1239
• /
• 2009

This paper proposes an exploration strategy to efficiently find a specific place in large unknown environments with wall-following based path planning. Many exploration methods proposed so far showed good performance but they focused only on efficient planning for modeling unknown environments. Therefore, to successfully accomplish the room finding task, two additional requirements should be considered. First, suitable path-planning is needed to recognize the room number. Most conventional exploration schemes used the gradient method to extract the optimal path. In these schemes, the paths are extracted in the middle of the free space which is usually far from the wall. If the robot follows such a path, it is not likely to recognize the room number written on the wall because room numbers are usually too small to be recognized by camera image from a distance. Second, the behavior which re-explores the explored area is needed. Even though the robot completes exploration, it is possible that some rooms are not registered in the constructed map for some reasons such as poor recognition performance, occlusion by a human and so on. With this scheme, the robot does not have to visit and model the whole environment. This proposed method is very simple but it guarantees that the robot can find a specific room in most cases. The proposed exploration strategy was verified by various experiments.