• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 1999

To investigate the effects of strong acidic electrolytic water on the chloroplast, barley leaves were treated with strong acidic electrolytic water(pH 2.5). And to investigate the effects of weak acidic electrolytic water on the chloroplast development, etiolated barley leaves were treated with weak acidic electrolytic water(pH 6.5) during greening period. Chl contents, Fo, Fv, and Chl fluorescence quenching coefficient in barley leaves were measured during and after treatment of acidic electrolytic water. The following results were obtained. Chl a, b, and carotenoid were decreased with treatment of strong acidic electrolytic water. Chl contents were significantly decreased than that of the control after 5 min. These results provide evidence that the strong acidic electrolytic water dissimilate the Chl and so that the value of Fo was slightly increased. The strong acidic electrolytic water damaged PS II because Fo was increased and Fv, Fm, and Fv/Fm ratio were decreased. qP, qNP and qE were decreased. On the other hand qI was increased than that of the control. But Chl content and Chl fluorescence patterns were a little changed as the pH increase over 4.0 Chl a, b, and carotenoid were increased with treatment of weak acidic electrolytic water during greening period. Chl contents were significantly increased than that of control after 12 hours greening. These results provide evidence that the weak acidic electrolytic water accelerated the chlorophyll synthesis. And the weak acidic electrolytic water accelerated PS II development because Fv, Fm, qP and Fv/Fm ratio were increased than that of the control.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1081-1089
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• 1991

Atrial fibrillation is characterized by beat to beat irregularity of shape, size, conduction time and polarity. The mechanism of atrial fibrillation can be explained by so called "Multiple wavelet theory". The adverse effect of atrial fibrillation is the decrease of cardiac output by absence of atrial kick[10 ~ 15%] and the possibility of thrombosis in the left atrium which is dangerous to develop the thromboembolism is increased. The present study was designed to assess the effect of overdrive pacing on the suppression of recurring of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery and the results were summarized as follows: 1. There were no significant differences of factors between converting patients and non-converting patients to normal sinus rhythm by electric cardioversion after open heart surgery. 2. Among converting patients to normal sinus rhythm, there were no significant differences of factors between study group and control group. 3. Cardiothoracic Ratio on the preoperative chest film was significantly larger in the patients of recurring atrial fibrillation within 72hrs than in the patients of maintaining normal sinus rhythm. [61.7$\pm$ 1.4% vs 67.7$\pm$2.4%, p=0.03] 4. There was a significant difference of suppressive effects between overdrive pacing group and control group among recurred cases until 24, 48, and 72hours [Fisher`s exact test ; p=0.037, p=0.076, p=0.53, respectively] 5. There was a difference of the delay of recurring of atrial fibrillation between study group and control group among recurred cases within 72 hours.[53.4$\pm$6.9hr vs. 19.3$\pm$3.8 hr, p<0.01] We think that the overdrive pacing may suppress the natural pacemaker and the converted normal sinus rhythm is maintained longer than control group during critical immediate postoperative period.ve period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.1 s.68
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• pp.73-79
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• 2004

Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) was applied to control the vibration of an offshore structure due to ocean waves. The errors caused by the linearization of the fluid-structure interaction effect and the phenomena when using the linearized equation of motion in TMD design were analyzed. To determine the performance of TMD in controlling vibration, both regular waves with varying periods and irregular waves with different significant wave heights were used. When the offshore structure received regular waves with a period similar to the first natural period of structure. TMD performed well in terms of response reduction. Such was not the case for the other periods. however, In the case of irregular waves, TMD triggered the reduction of structural response for waves with relatively small significant wave height. For irregular waves with relatively big significant wave height, however, TMD did not show any control effect. Therefore, TMD is useful in reducing offshore structural vibration due to ambient waves, thereby helping secure fatigue life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2010

Purpose: This study purposed to examine the effect on health educational curriculum by grasping knowledge, attitude, and the extent of practicing it after giving a health education curriculum for 17 hours. Methods: This study was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest conducted with the first-graders enrolled in a middle school students in Gyeonggi Province. A total of 191 completed questionnaires from the test group and the control group each were used for the final analysis. The survey period was from March 5 to March 13, 2009 before the education was given from July 20 to July 25, 2009 after the education. A total of 38 questions were used to measure knowledge and a total of 39 questions were used to measure attitude and practice. This study used $x^2$ test, ANOVA, and t-test, Paired t-test. Results: After the health education curriculum was given, the test group s knowledge of health education was found higher than that of the control group. There was a difference between two groups, but considering the perfect score of 38, the knowledge scores of both groups were not high. With regard to each group s attitude and practice of health education, the study compared the scores obtained before and after the education and found that the test group had higher scores than the control group, showing a significant difference. Conclusion: In order for a health education curriculum to successfully have favorable influence on the health of teenagers, the curriculum should be offered for a more extended period of time than 17 hours and as a compulsory course, not a selective one, so that all the students can develop their health management capabilities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

The effects of sheep urine and dung patches on methane ($CH_4$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) fluxes were investigated during the summer-autumn in 2010, to evaluate their contribution to climate change in a desert grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. Results indicate that the cumulative $CH_4$ emissions for dung patches, urine patches and control plots were -0.076, -0.084, and -0.114 g/$m^2$ and these were net $CH_4$ sinks during the measured period. The level of $CH_4$ intake from urine and dung plots decreased 25.7%, and 33.3%, respectively, compared with a control plot. $CO_2$ fluxes differed (p<0.01) in urine plots, with an average of 569.20 mg/$m^2$/h compared with control plots (357.62 mg/$m^2$/h) across all sampling days. Dung patches have cumulative $CO_2$ emissions that were 15.9% higher compared with the control during the 55-d period. Overall, sheep excrement weakened $CH_4$ intake and increased $CO_2$ emissions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.191-193
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to examine the trend of ovary cancer incidence from 1999 to 2010 in China and predict the burden up to 2020. Crude incidence, age specific incidence and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression was performed to obtain estimated annual percentages and Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling was used to predict the incidence rate until the year 2020. In China, the crude rate of ovary cancer was 7.91/100,000 and the age-adjusted rate was 5.35/100,000 overall during period 1999-2010. The rates in urban regions were higher than in rural regions. A significant rising trend during 1999-2006 was followed by a drop during 2006-2010 in age-adjusted rates for urban females. In contrast, constant rise was observed in rural women. The decrease in ovary cancer of urban areas tended to be restricted to women aged 50 years and younger. In contrast, increases of ovary cancer in rural areas appeared in virtually all age groups. Although the age-adjusted incidence rate for ovary cancer was predicted to be reduced after year 2011, the crude rate was likely to be relative stable up to 2020. The burden of ovary cancer in China will continue to be relative stable due to the aging population.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2003

To prove the extension of shelflife of soybean curd(Tofu) steeped in the diluted solution of botanical antimicrobial agent and stored at 20$^{\circ}C$, such chemical ＆ microbial properties as the contents of moisture, crude protein and crude fat, colony count and surface color of Tofu were investigated in comparison with the control. Tofu treated with botanical antimicrobial agents showed higher contents of moisture, crude protein and crude fat compared to those of the control Tofu through all the storage period. After 7 days of the storage period, cell count of coliform bacteria reach 75 x 103CFU/m1 in the control Tofu, whereas 13∼39 CFU/ml in Tofu treated with botanical antimicrobial agent Treatment of Tofu with botanical antimicrobial agent seemed to be a potential method to prolong the shelflife of processed Tofu.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8451-8454
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• 2016

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but highly invasive malignancy characterized by poor survival. In a national cancer survey, the age-standardized incidence rate of GBC was highest in Jeju Island among the 15 provinces in South Korea. The aim of this descriptive epidemiological study was to suggest the modifiable risk factors for this rare malignant disease in Jeju Island by performing an age-sex-matched case-control study. Materials and Methods: The case group included patients diagnosed with GBC at the Department of Internal Medicine of Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, South Korea, within the 5-year study period. The control group consisted of age-sex-matched subjects selected from among the participants of the health promotion center at the same institute and in the same period. We compared 78 case-control pairs in terms of clinical variables such as histories of hypertension, diabetes, vascular occlusive disorders, alcohol and smoking consumption, obesity, and combined polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (PLG) or gallstone diseases (GSDs). Results: Among the relevant risk factors, alcohol consumption, parity ${\geq}2$, PLG, and GSDs were significant risk factors in the univariate analysis. PLG (p < 0.01; OR, 51.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.98-875.3) and GSD (p < 0.01; OR, 54.9; 95% CI, 3.00-1001.8) were associated risk factors of GBC in the multivariate analysis with the conditional logistic regression model. However, we failed to find any correlation between obesity and GBC. We also found a negative correlation between alcohol consumption history and GBC in the multivariate analysis (p < 0.01; OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.31). Conclusions: These results suggest that combined PLG and GSDs are strongly associated with the GBC in Jeju Island and mild to moderate alcohol consumption may negatively correlate with GBC risk.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.429-435
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• 1996

We investigated the effects of rearing water temperatures during sex differentiation period on sex ratios in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Control and gynogenetic diploid juvenile flounder reared at water temperature of 18, 21, 24 and $27^{\circ}C$ for 65 days from 35 to 100 days after hatching. Fish were sampled to examine sex ratios at 195 or 260 days after hatching. Female ratios of control and gynogenetic diploid flounder declined rapidly as water temperature increased. Sex ratio of gynogenetic diploid reared at $27^{\circ}C$ was very close to 1 : 1 ratio (P<0.01), The survival rates of control and gynogenetic diploid reared at $27^{\circ}C$ were different from other water temperature groups. The growth of body weight of control and gynogenetic diploid reared at $18^{\circ}C$ were different from other water temperature groups.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.168-179
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• 2015

We previously identified the rice gene, OsSAP, as an encoder of a highly conserved putative senescence-associated protein that was shown to have anti-apoptotic activity. To confirm the role of OsSAP in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in rice, we introduced OsSAP and AtBI-1, a plant homologue of Bax inhibitor-1, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter into the rice genome through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The OsSAP transformants showed a similar chlorophyll index after salinity treatments with AtBI-1. Furthermore, we compared the effects of salinity stress on leaves and roots by examining the hormone levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and zeatin in transformants compared to the control. With the exception of phytohormones, stress-induced changes in hormone levels putatively related to stress tolerance have not been investigated previously. Hormonal level analysis confirmed the lower rate of stress in the transformants compared to the control. The levels of ABA and JA in OsSAP and AtBI-1 transformants were similar, where stress rates increased after one week and decreased after a two week period of drought; there was a slightly higher accumulation compared to the control. However, a similar trend was not observed for the level of zeatin, as the decrease in the level of zeatin accumulation differed in both OsSAP and AtBI-1 transformants for all genotypes during the early period of salinity stress. The GA3 level was detected under normal conditions, but not under salinity stress.