• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.422-431
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the impact of infection prevention program on the knowledge and performance among married Vietnamese immigrant women an infant or child. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 53 Vietnamese women with an infant or a child in G city. The treatment (n=25) received an infection prevention program series that included eight sessions over a four week period with four time through telephone interviews a weekly intervals. Data were collected between October 26 and December 14, 2012, and were analyzed Chi-square, t-test, and repeated measure analysis of variance with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: The treatment group reported significantly higher scores in infection prevention knowledge (F=43.98, p<.001) and infection prevention performance (F=92.61, p<.001) at four and eight weeks following the treatment as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results suggest that an infection prevention program is beneficial in increasing knowledge and performance to prevent infection.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.379-386
• /
• 2015

This work presents fuel-optimal altitude maintenance of Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) spacecrafts experiencing non-negligible air drag and J2 perturbation. A pseudospectral (direct) method is first applied to roughly estimate an optimal fuel consumption strategy, which is employed as an initial guess to precisely determine itself. Based on the physical specifications of KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite-2 (KOMPSAT-2), a Korean artificial satellite, numerical simulations show that a satellite ascends with full thrust at the early stage of the maneuver period and then descends with null thrust. While the thrust profile is presumably bang-off, it is difficult to precisely determine the switching time by using a pseudospectral method only. This is expected, since the optimal switching epoch does not coincide with one of the collocation points prescribed by the pseudospectral method, in general. As an attempt to precisely determine the switching time and the associated optimal thrust history, a shooting (indirect) method is then employed with the initial guess being obtained through the pseudospectral method. This hybrid process allows the determination of the optimal fuel consumption for LEO spacecrafts and their thrust profiles efficiently and precisely.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.339-344
• /
• 2009

This study aims to find out the effect of heavy metals, as is the case of EDCs (endocrine disrupting chemicals), on reproductive endocrine disruption of aquatic animals. In the present experiment zinc, which is a heavy metal well known for its androgenous activity, was used. The experimental period was 24 weeks, starting in November during the inactive stage of the clam's reproductive cycle. The experimental groups were composed of one control condition and three zinc exposure conditions (0.64, 1.07, and 1.79 mg/L). The sex ratio (F:M) was 1:1.06 in the control group and 1:1.70 in all the exposed group, illustrating the tendency for higher proportion of males with increases in zinc concentration. Gonad maturity was higher in 1.07, and 1.79 mg/L groups compared to the control group, with higher maturity observed in males than females. Intersex individuals made up 24.7% of the exposed group, while females exhibited a higher ratio than the males with increasing zinc concentration. The results of this study indicate that zinc functions as an androgenic effector on the reproduction of Gomphina veneriformis.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2002

Because the driving time is increased under the low speed by rapidly increasing of vehicles, this paper is presented a new ignition control system for improvement the fuel economy, which only some of cylinders are using under the idle status or low speed and preserving the engine rpm. is applicable to effective in fuel economy. An actual hardware was made to prove this new control system. The developed variable cylinder engine concentrated the heat neat the cylinders in idle status or low speed, so there was a problem in re-ignition. It was the reason of a lot of exhaust gas, high fuel consumption and instability of engine revolution. In this paper, in order to solve above problem to show the improvement fuel economy using the new ignition control system and valve opening period at idle status of low speed.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.188-195
• /
• 2004

This paper presents neural load torque observer that is used to deadbeat load torque observer and gain compensation by parameter estimator As a result, the response of the PMSM(permanent magnet synchronous motor) follows that nominal plant. The load torque compensation method is composed of a neural deadbeat observer To reduce the noise effect, the post-filter implemented by MA(moving average) process, is adopted. The parameter compensator with RLSM (recursive least square method) parameter estimator is adopted to increase the performance of the load torque observer and main controller The parameter estimator is combined with a high performance neural load torque observer to resolve the problems. The neural network is trained in on-line phases and it is composed by a feed forward recall and error back-propagation training. During the normal operation, the input-output response is sampled and the weighting value is trained multi-times by error back-propagation method at each sample period to accommodate the possible variations in the parameters or load torque. As a result, the proposed control system has a robust and precise system against the load torque and the Parameter variation. A stability and usefulness are verified by computer simulation and experiment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.188-198
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a relapse prevention program (RPP) and examine the effects of the RPP on insight, empowerment, and treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 54 inpatients who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia (experimental group: 26, control group: 28). The study was carried out from February 7, 2012 to February 6, 2013. Over a 10-day period prior to discharge each participant in the experimental group received three one-hour sessions of RPP a one-to-one patient-nurse interaction. Data were collected using Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), Empowerment Scale, and Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ) and analyzed using PASW 18.0 with chi-square test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and ANCOVA. Results: The experimental group had a significant increase in insight and treatment adherence compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in empowerment between the two groups. Conclusion: Findings indicate that the RPP for patients with schizophrenia was effective in improving insight and treatment adherence. A longitudinal study is needed to confirm the persistence of these effects of RPP in patients with schizophrenia.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.152-160
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effects of the Tai Chi exercise on metabolic syndrome and health-related quality of life in middle-aged women. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. Subjects were sixty middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome. All of the subjects were met the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). The subjects were divided into the experiment group (n=33) trained the Tai Chi for 12 weeks and the control group (n=27). Metabolic syndrome risk factors including blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, triglyceride (TG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured before and after the 12-week period. Euro Quality of Life Questionnaire 5-Dimensional Classification (EQ-5D) was used to evaluate the health-related quality of life. Results: The experiment group showed significant decreases in diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, and TG; and increase in HDL-C compared to the control group. For the health-related quality of life evaluation, the experiment group showed significant improvement more than the control group. Conclusion: The Tai Chi exercise may be effective intervention in preventing cardiovascular disease caused by metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.143-146
• /
• 2014

Antioxidants, as reactive oxygen species scavengers, are one of the beneficial additives in serum-free defined culture medium. In this study, three separate experiments were performed to determine the effects of 3-hyroxyflavone added to the culture medium on the developmental competence of follicular bovine oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or in vitro culture (IVC). The rate of blastocyst developed from oocytes cultured in IVM medium with 3-hyroxyflavone was significantly higher than that from control oocytes (39.0% vs. 26.3%, p<0.001), respectively. However, oocytes cultured in the medium with addition of 3-hyroxyflavone only at IVC period did not show significance in the blastocyst development when compared with control. When 3-hyroxyflavone was added to both IVM and IVC media, the rate of blastocyst formation was even significantly lower (21.1%) than control (26.5%; p<0.05). The present findings suggested that antioxidative activity of 3-hydroxyflavone added to only IVM medium beneficially affected the developmental competence of follicular bovine.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.185-195
• /
• 2005

Two hundred [(Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace] pigs were used in a 117-d growth assay (including four growth stages) to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri on performance of swine, fecal and rectumal microflora and carcass grade. Pig diet was divided tow types, commercial diet (Control group) and supplemention of 0.1% Lactobacillus reuteri (Treatmental group). There was tend to increased in average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (Feed/gain) in treatmental group than control group during the whole experimental period. The number of Lactobacilius spp. into rectum and feaces and carcass rate tended to increase in treatmental group than control group. Ammonia emission from excreta were decrease by supplemention of 0.1% Lactobacillus reuteri in feed (P<0.05). These results indicated that the dietary Lactobacillus reuteri were effective in performance, increasing of Lactobacilius spp. into rectum and feaces, decreasing ammonia emission from excreta, and it had also effective the carcass rate in swine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.157-170
• /
• 1991

Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropln(${\gamma}$BST) on hematologie and blood chemical values were investigated in twenty-five multiparous Holstein dairy cows. Recombinant BST was administered by two different routes ; intramusculary(12.5mg and 25mg/day) and subcutaneously(500mg and 750mg) in sustained-release vehicle every 2 weeks beginning 4 weeks postpartum and continuing for 7 months. Whole blood and serum samples were collected 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 months after beginning of treatments from control and ${\gamma}$BST-administered groups. Hematologic values including RBC, PCV, HB, MCH, MCHC, WBC and differential counts of treatment groups receiving ${\gamma}$BST were similiar to those of control group. Blood chemical values observed were total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, glucose, cholesterol, Ca, Pi, Ca/pi ratio, total bilirubin, creatinine, BUN, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. There were no significant differences in blood chemical values of cows administered with ${\gamma}$BST from those of control. Although some blood chemical values were fluctuated at a certain observation period, they were remained within the normal physiological ranges. It is concluded from the observations of these experiments that the dose and dosage froms of ${\gamma}$BST employed in this work might not affect hematologic and blood chemical values in dairy cows under the normal sanitary condition and adequate nutritional balance.