• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.525-533
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• 2009

부들화분(Cattail pollen powder)을 기능성 빵의 소재로 활용하고자 화분의 일반 성분을 분석하고 소맥분에 부들화분을 3, 6, 9% 첨가하여 반죽의 물성 변화와 제빵의 가공 적성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 부들화분의 일반성분은 수분 12.7-13.2%, 조단백질 15.7-17.8%, 조지방 1.3%, 유리당 7.5-7.7%, 조섬유 14.7-18.6%, 회분 3.4-4.9%, 가용성 무 질소물 49.7-55.9%이었다. 소맥분에 부들화분을 첨가한 반죽의 물리적 특성은 첨가 비율이 높아질수록 흡수율은 증가하였으며, 반죽의 안정도는 감소하였다. 부들화분의 첨가에 따라 첨가 비율이 증가할수록 falling number값이 감소하였고 amylase활성이 높아졌다. 빵 반죽의 발효력은 부들화분 3% 첨가구에서 가장 우수하게 나타났으며 완제품에 있어서도 가장 큰 부피를 나타내었다. 수분활성도는 부들화분의 첨가량이 높아질수록 대조구보다 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였고 저장기간의 경과에 따라 크게 감소하였다. 빵의 hardness, springiness는 저장함에 따라 모두 증가하여 품질이 저하됨을 알 수 있었으며 부들화분을 첨가한 식빵 제품의 유통기한은 3일까지 설정하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단되었다. 빵의 기호도 조사에서 부들화분을 3% 첨가한 식빵의 기호도가 대조구에 비하여 모든 항목에서 가장 우수하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.597-605
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has increased in recent decades in Korea. This study was designed to examine differences in the eating habits, physical activity (PA), nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy of children by obesity status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 5th-grade children from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. Survey questionnaire included items related to general characteristics, eating habits, PA, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy. Excluding incomplete responses, 3,531 data were analyzed using SPSS. Subjects were categorized into overweight obesity (OW) and normal weight (NW) groups based on body mass index percentiles for age by sex. RESULTS: A total of 21.5% of subjects was overweight or obese. There were significant differences in gender, perceived stress, perception of body shape, body satisfaction, and interest in weight control between the OW and NW groups (P < 0.001). With respect to eating habits, the OW group ate breakfast (P < 0.05) and snacks (P < 0.01) less frequently, ate bigger meals (P < 0.001), and demonstrated less desirable behaviors during meals (P < 0.05 in boys) compared to the NW group. The OW group participated in less PA than the NW group, especially boys. OW boys spent less time walking during weekdays (P < 0.05) or the weekend (P < 0.001), spent more time being sedentary during weekdays or the weekend (P < 0.001), and exercised a fewer number of days (P < 0.01). For girls, the OW group spent more time being sedentary during the weekend (P < 0.01) and exercised a fewer number of days by walking or bicycle riding (P < 0.05) than the NW group. Nutrition knowledge was not significantly different between the OW and NW groups. Self-efficacy (P < 0.01 in boys), especially PA self-efficacy (P < 0.01), was significantly lower in the OW than NW group. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed differences in eating habits, PA, and self-efficacy between OW and NW children. Obesity management programs for children need to focus on increasing self-efficacy, modifying eating habits, and increasing PA.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.390-408
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• 2019

Objectives: Several pattern diagnosis questionnaires have been developed to objectify the process of pattern diagnosis in Korean medicine. In this context, this study aimed to develop a food retention questionnaire for functional dyspepsia (FRQ-FD) by modifying the previously developed food retention questionnaire (FRQ) and to verify its reliability and validity. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify the optimal cut-off value of the FRQ-FD for standardization and use in clinical situations. Methods: To develop the FRQ-FD, we extracted the major symptoms of food retention pattern for functional dyspepsia from Chinese/Korean medicine textbooks and requested an importance survey from experts using the Delphi method. The first draft of the FRQ-FD was composed of 25 questions comprising 8 questions from the textbooks and the Delphi method and 17 questions from the FRQ already developed in 2013. To analyze its reliability, validity, and optimal cut-off value, 60 subjects were enrolled in this study from June 25 to August 13, 2018. Thirty patients were diagnosed as both functional dyspepsia and food retention pattern, and 30 healthy participants were not. All participants were requested to fill up the FRQ-FD, Stomach Qi Deficiency Questionnaire (SQDQ), Scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency pattern (SSQD), visual analog scale (VAS) for dyspepsia, Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), and functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL). Results: No statistically significant differences were found in sex distribution, age, and body mass index between the patient group and the control group. As five questions affected the reliability negatively and three questions affected the clinical validity negatively, we decided to exclude the eight questions upon further investigation. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the revised FRQ-FD (17 items) was 0.899, and its clinical validity was verified. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis and produced five factors. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the revised FRQ-FD and the other dyspepsia scales, namely, SQDQ, SSQD, VAS, NDI-K, and FD-QoL. VAS and NDI-K especially had strong positive correlations with FRQ-FD. Conclusions: The FRQ-FD developed in this study can provide fundamental reliability and validity for a pattern diagnosis questionnaire. FRQ-FD can help to diagnose food retention pattern in functional dyspepsia patients. Further studies are required to inspect several statistical factors.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

본 연구는 국내 유통 농산물의 잔류농약 실태를 조사파악하고, 위해평가 등의 안전성 평가를 수행한 후 정부차원에서의 식품 위생/안전 정책 수립의 과학적 근거를 마련하고자 수행되었다. 시료 수거는 인구 백만 이상의 전국 9개 지역(서울, 부산, 인천, 대구, 대전, 광주, 울산, 창원 및 수원)을 선정한 후, 다소비 식품 중 대표적인 농산물 15품목(쌀, 감자, 대두, 사과, 배, 오렌지, 복숭아, 딸기, 바나나, 수박, 토마토, 오이, 애호박, 깻잎 및 무)을 선별하여 총 232건의 농산물을 수거하였다. 대상 농약은 단성분 분석으로 가능한 생장조정제 3종(dichlorprop, ethychlozate 및 6-benzylaminopurine) 및 다종다성분 분석 농약 280종, 총 283종을 선정하여 잔류농약 모니터링을 수행하였다. 분석 대상 농약들은 모니터링에 앞서 분석법을 개선하고 분석검체를 대표할 수 있는 농산물에 적용하여 국제적 기준인 CODEX 분석법 가이드라인에 준하여 분석법 검증을 수행한 후, 잔류농약 모니터링 분석법으로 사용하였다. 또한 모니터링에서 검출된 잔류농약을 대상으로 1일 섭취허용량(acceptable daily intake, ADI) 대비 1일 추정섭취량(estimated daily intake, EDI) 값으로 위해 평가를 수행하였다. 잔류농약 모니터링을 수행한 결과, 수거된 농산물 총 232건 중 163건(70.3%)에서는 농약이 검출되지 않았으며, 69건(29.7%)에서 잔류농약이 검출되었다. 검출된 농약 중 2건은 MRL을 초과하여 0.9%의 부적합률을 나타내었다. MRL을 초과한 잔류농약은 깻잎에서 검출된 chlorpyrifos와 복숭아에서 검출된 picoxystrobin이었으며, 부적합으로 나타난 chlorpyrifos 및 picoxystrobin을 포함한 검출 농약 33종에 대해 위해평가를 수행한 결과, ADI 대비 EDI는 0.00087~0.902%의 범위를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 검출된 모든 농약은 위해도가 매우 낮은 것으로 판단됐으며, 유통되는 농산물은 잔류농약 측면에서 안전한 수준임을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2008

오존은 불소 다음으로 강력한 산화력을 가지고 있으며 넓은 범위의 살균 스펙트럼을 가진 성분이다. 식품산업을 포함한 다양한 분야에서 오존이 가진 장점을 이용하기 위한 연구가 진행되었고 지금도 효율적인 이용을 위한 많은 연구들이 이루어지고 있다. 오존은 미국, 호주 및 일본 등에서는 이미 식품첨가물로 허가되어 사용되고, 국내에서도 2007년 11월에 오존수를 식품첨가물로 허가하면서 국내 식품산업계에서 오존수 이용에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있다. 오존을 이용한 살균방법은 다른 방법들과 비교해보면 초기 설비비에 비해 유지관리비가 저렴하고, 사용 후 부산물이 거의 없다는 장점을 가지고 있으며, 최근의 식품안전 요구증대와 맞물려 그 수요가 증가될 전망이다. 국내에서 오존수는 과일, 채소, 식육 등 식품의 원재료 처리하는 살균용제로서 주로 사용되고 있으나 실태조사의 결과에 따르면 이용사례는 극히 제한적이었다. 그러나 오존수 생성 기계장치의 국내 시장이 급속도로 확대되면서, 단체급식을 중심으로 점차 사용이 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 오존수는 오존을 좀 더 편리하게 이용할 수 있도록 물에 용존 시킨 상태를 말한다. 따라서 오존수는 오존의 용존량과 용존된 오존의 지속시간 등에 대하여 철저히 관리되어야 하며, 안전한 사용을 위해서는 배오존 농도 관리도 필요하다. 상기 관리항목들은 대부분이 기계장치의 자체성능과 직결되는 것이기 때문에 오존수 제조장치의 성능기준을 새롭게 정립할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.730-741
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• 2023

본 연구는 2020 KDRIs를 활용한 영양 교육 프로그램 및 교육매체가 대학생의 영양 지식과 식습관에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 다양한 교육매체 (테이블 매트, 레시피북 등)를 바탕으로 설계된 교육 프로그램은 경상남도 및 경기도 지역의 대학에서 시행되었다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 총 128명이이었으며, 교육군 (n = 75)과 대조군 (n = 53)은 무작위 배정하였다. 교육군은 교육 프로그램 참여 전에 영양 지수 (NQ) 및 영양지식 평가 설문지 조사를 실시하였으며, 6주간의 교육 기간 동안 교육 프로그램 참여 후 동일한 설문지를 이용하여 영양 지수 (NQ) 및 지식 평가를 진행하였다. 대조군은 6주간의 교육 프로그램 참여없이 사전 및 사후에 영양지수 (NQ) 및 영양지식 평가 설문지 조사만 참여하였다. 교육군은 6주간의 2020 KDRIs를 활용한 영양 교육 프로그램의 영향으로 NQ 실천 항목, 영양 지식, 1일 섭취량 및 식사량 지식 (p < 0.05)에 대한 응답에서 긍정적인 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 프로그램 참여 후 최종평가 결과에서 자기평가 점수가 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 자기만족도는 증가한 것으로 나타났고 (p < 0.05), 2020 KDRIs를 활용한 영양 교육 프로그램에 대한 전체적인 만족도는 99.2%를 달성했다 (p < 0.000). 그러나 대조군의 경우에는 큰 변화를 확인할 수 없었다. 따라서, 본 연구는 2020 KDRIs를 활용한 영양 교육 프로그램 및 교육 매체가 대학생의 영양지식과 식습관에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 입증했다. 그러나 이러한 결과를 유지하고 꾸준히 실천하기 위해서는 다양한 영양 교육 프로그램의 지속적인 개발과 실행이 필요할 것이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.412-421
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• 1999

The purpose of current study was to investigate the effects of Ki-therapy which improves mood state and relieves pain on the elderly with chronic illness. The subjects were 42 elderly and convenience sampling(incidental sampling) was used to prevent contamination to the control group. Frequency, %, $X^2$, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA by SPSS PC + program were used to analyze the data. The mean age of subjects was 72.95(Control group), 73.10(experimental group). Number of complains was 2.45(control group), 2.65 (experimental group). All of demographic characteristics of subjects. that is, age, weight. number of complains. educational background. family type. economic state, perceived health state were homogeneous. There are many difficulties in ADL & IADL. 14.2% in shopping, mode of transportation, ability to handle finances. 11.9% in ability to use telephone. continence, 7.1% in bathing, food preparation, transfer, and housekeeping. As the result of this study. slight improvement of mood state and pain relief were found. Although 3 improved items of 'clear-headed', 'lively', and 'nervous' were statistically significant. the pain relief was not statistically significant. It requires repeated treatment and measurement. And suggested case study or qualitative study in further studies because manufacturing of environment(i. e. rain) is very difficult in community people.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.224-231
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• 1979

감미(甘味) 식물(植物) stevia의 추출물(抽出物)(주(主) 감미(甘味) 성분(成分),stevioside)을 흰쥐에 투여함으로써 본 감미 성분의 안전성(安全性)을 검토하였다. 복강내(腹腔內) 주사(注射)로 치사(致死)를 $LD_{50}$를 측정한 결과 추출물(抽出物)로 보아서는 3,400 mg/Kg이고 stevioside로 보면 1,700 mg/Kg이었으며, stevia 추출물의 56일간에 걸친 다량(多量) 구광(口腔) 투여(投與)$(2.5{\sim}5.0\;g/Kg{\cdot}day)$에도 실험 동물의 성장(成長)에 아무 장애(障碍)가 초래되지 않았다. 56일간 구강 투여 후의 전혈(全血) 검사(檢査)(RBC, WBC, Hb 및 Hct), 혈청(血淸) 성분(成分) 분석(分析)(총 단백질, 혈당(血糖), 콜레스테롤 및, GOT 등 17개 조사 항목) 및 간(肝) 조직(組織) 검사(檢査)(간 세포 핵퇴폐(核頹廢)), Kupffer 세포의 증식(增殖), 문맥성(門脈城) 섬유화(纖維化) 등 11개 소견(所見))는 총 33개 항목인데, 그 중 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 활성을 제외하고는 모두 대조군(對照群)과 시험군(試驗群) 사이에 유의차(有意差)를 볼수 없었다. 상기한 실험 결과에 입각하여 stevia 추출물 및 stevioside는 흰쥐에 대하여 급성(急性) 및 아급성(亞急性) 독성(毒性)을 발현(發現)하지 아니하는 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2008

This study examines the cooking quality, rheology, and sensory characteristics of ramyon noodles made from Korean wheat and arrowroot starch. The control was made from Australian standard wheat(ASW) and the sample was made from Korean wheat. The ratios of arrowwood starch in the sample group were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% respectively, and the result was as follows: the yield of the arrowwood starch was 18.8% and moisture level was 14.2%. The lightness(L), redness(a), and yellowness(b) of ASW were 92.07, 1.44, 10.22 respectively, whereas those of Korean wheat were 92.05, 1.55, 11.01, which means the two kinds of wheat showed very little difference in lightness, but Korean wheat had higher degrees of a and b than ASW. The color value of arrowroot starch is L 72.65, a 3.44, b 12.92, so it has a lower degree of lightness and higher degrees of a and b than two kinds of wheat. Dried ramyon displayed a lower degree of lightness and higher degrees of a and b than cooked ramyon, but the first decreased and a increased as we increased the ratio of arrowroot starch in it. The weight of dried ramyon did not show a significant difference among the groups. On the other hand, the weight, volume, water absorption, and the turbidity of cooked ramyon increased as we increased the amount of arrowroot starch in it. The maximum weight, solidity, and elasticity of the control group were greater than those of ramyon made from Korean wheat, but its brittleness was lower. The two groups showed the same degrees of hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness. The maximum weight, solidity, and adhesiveness of the control group increased as we increased the amount of arrowroot starch in it, and the hardness and brittleness were great when the ratio of arrowroot starch was 20%; elasticity was greatest when the ratio of arrowroot starch was 15, 20, and 25%; its adhesiveness and cohesiveness did not depend on the amount of arrowroot starch in it. In the sensory characteristics evaluation, the items that showed significant differences include: appearance (p<0.01), color(p<0.01), smell(p<0.001), transparency(p<0.05), and overall acceptability(p<0.05). The ramyon earned the highest score in appearance when the ratios of arrowroot starch were 5%, 15%, and 20%. As for color and smell, it earned the highest score when it contained 20 and 25% of arrowroot starch. The transparency decreased as we increased the amount of arrowroot starch, and overall acceptability was highest when the ratio of arrowroot starch was 15%. There was a significant difference in overall acceptability between the control and the sample group. As for the loosing speed and chewiness, there was no significant difference between the two groups. When we look at the result of various tests to evaluate the cooking quality, rheology, and sensory characteristics of ramyon noodles, ramyons that contained 15 to 25% of arrowroot starch earned the high scores, and of these the one with 20% of arrowroot starch earned the highest score on all accounts.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare obesity-related quality of life according to obesity classification by BMI (body mass index) and self-assessment. Methods: The participants were 286 female college students in J City. Data were obtained by measuring height. weight and BMI, and using a questionnaire for self-assessment of obesity, weight control, and quality of life. The quality of life was measured using 14 items of the Korean version of obesity-related quality of life (KOQOL). Results: Thirty five percent of the students assessed themselves as overweight and obese despite their BMI <$23m^2/kg$(false overweight). True overweight students with BMI $\geq23m^2/kg$ who perceived themselves as overweight and obese were 23%. The total KOQOL score between true and false overweight students showed no significant difference. True overweight students had a lower total KOQOL score including psychosocial, physical, daily living, sex related. and food-related domains than true normal weight students. Conclusions: The quality of life was not different between true and false overweight students. These results indicate that self-assessment about obesity affects the quality of life like as actual BMI in female college students. Therefore, it is necessary to care students who distort themselves as obese.