• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.213-233
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• 1995

This study explores the overall attitudes of family life used data from dual-earner wives(N=773) who contribute to household economics. The major hypothesis of this study is that employed wives are more likely to be equal in performing their roles at home than full-time homemakers. However, a pattern of asymmetry exists concerning the role performance of wives regardless of their employment The specific findings are as follows : (1) Wives indicate the instrumental and the dual(mixed the traditional value with the developmental value) perceptions of marriage. (2) It is not equal in the distribution of family resources and the procedure of decision-making among couples. (3) The household labor is mainly performed by wives. (4) Wives are mainly responsible for child-rearing and indicate the inconsistent perception of mothering From the findings study suggests that : (1) Future research might investigate the reason of low family contribution among employed wives (2) The egalitarianism (role sharing) in household labor and child rearing might be extended. 93) women might be educated to pursue an independent life.

• Proceedings of the Korean System Dynamics Society
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

In this paper an attempt is made to understand contribution factors in the field of electronic commerce(EC). To do that, we adopt and modify an existing commerce model. The following two major conclusions are drawn from our simulation. Most of all, the diminution of information delay introduce monotonous growth rather than fluctuation of EC market. The stable increase of revenue or market scale makes us decide the employment or capacity scale quickly. Second, for favorable and continuous evolution of EC, utilization system of electronic money should be established steadily. The following findings strongly support our claim: We found full oscillation of EC market when electronic money system didn't established well. On the contrary, if electronic money system could provide fast cash flow and fully trustful function, decisions of company or consumer would be executed promptly.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper attempts to provide an understanding of practice of franchising in eight countries - USA, UK, Australia, Brazil, China, Malaysia, South Africa and Nigeria. The bases of the review are: number of systems and outlets, employment generation, annual turnover, GDP contribution, legal and regulatory frameworks and country-specific franchise business practice nuances. Research design, data and methodology - the paper is descriptive, highlighting elements of the business practice that distinguish one country from another. Documentary data - mainly industry publications supplemented by empirical literature - was used for the review. Result - Although there are commonalities in the technical design and implementation of franchise business practice - especially the business model type - differences exist in terms of legal and regulatory frameworks guiding the industry across the eight countries studied. Conclusion - There are no two countries that have the same franchise practices. Franchise markets in the developed, and to some extent, the emerging economies have saturated. Franchise markets in African countries are at infant stage and thus, these countries are strategizing to attract foreign brands into their domains.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1993

In this study, the significant and enduring concentration of federal R&D spending in metro-scale clusters across the nation is treated as evidence of the operation of a distinct industrial infrastructure defined by the ability of R&D performers to attract external funding and pursue the sophisticated project work demanded. It follows, then, that the agglomerative potential of these R&D concentrations -- performers and their support infrastructures -- requires a search for economic impacts guided by a different stimulative effects attributable to federal R&D spending may be that substantial subnational economic impacts are routinely obscured and diluted by research designs that seek to discover impacts either at the level of nation-scale economic aggregates or on firms or specific industries organized spatially. Therefore, this study proceeds by seeking to link the locational clustering of federal contract R&D spending to more localized economic impacts. It tests a series of models(X-IV) designed to trace federal contract R&D spending flows to economic impacts registered at the level of metro-regional economies. By shifting the focus from funding sources to recipient types and then to sector-specific impacts, the patterns of consistent results become increasingly compelling. In general, these results indicated that federal R&D spending does indeed nurture the development of an important nation-spanning advanced industrial production and R&D infrastructure anchored primarily by two dozed or so metro-regions. However, dominated as it is by a strong defense-industrial orientation, federal contract R&D spending would appear to constitute a relatively inefficient national economic development policy, at least as registered on conventional indicators. Federal contract R&D destined for the support of nondefense/civilian(Model I), nonprofit(Model II), and educational/research(Mode III) R&D agendas is associated with substantially greater regional employment and income impacts than is R&D funding disbursed by the Department of Defense. While federal R&D support from DOD(Model I) and for-profit(Model II) and industrial performer(Model III) contract R&D agendas are associated with positive regional economic impacts, they are substantially smaller than those associated with performers operating outside the defense industrial base. Moreover, evidence that the large-business sector mediates a small business sector(Model VI) justifies closer scrutiny of the relative contribution to economic growth and development made by these two sectors, as well as of the primacy typically accorded employment change as a conventional economic performance indicator. Ultimately, those regions receiving federal R&D spending have experienced measurable employment and income gains as a result. However, whether or not those gains could be improved by changing the composition -- and therefore the primary missions -- of federal R&D spending cannot be decided by merely citing evidence of its economic impacts of the kind reported here. Rather, that decision turns on a prior public choice relating to the trade-offs deemed acceptable between conventional employment and income gains, the strength of a nation's industrial base not reflected in such indicators, and the reigning conception of what constitutes national security -- military might or a competitive civilian economy.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.85-102
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• 1982

The current employment status among young home economists and perspectives in occupations for prospective Home Economics graduates were explored in this study which utilized information from 17 to 21 colleges in Korea and colleges in the United States during the five years of 1977∼1981. The Home Economics content areas covered in this study were Clothing and Textiles, Foods and Nutrition, Housing and Interior Design, and Child Development and Family Life. The highest percentage of Korean graduates in Clothing and Textiles was employed either as teachers at the junior high school level or as designers in the clothing and textile industries. Quite a number of the graduates were engaged in further studies at the graduate level. Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching at the college level and some had furthered their studies at the doctorate level either here or abroad. Koreans with a bachelor's degree in Foods and Nutrition held jobs as teachers in junior high school, dieticians at mass feeding institutions and hospitals, food scientists in food industries, and researchers in institutions. Those with a master's degree were teaching at the college level. Americans with a bachelor's degree worked as dieticians, supervisors in restaurants and institutions, extension workers, researchers at various facilities, teachers and clerks. Americans with a master's or doctorate degree were engaged in teaching at colleges or supervising at research or working as extension specialists. In general, Korean graduates were found to hold positions in less varied areas than their American counter-parts. Among forty-nine graduates those working in their professional field reported less sex discrimination that those working in other fields. The major area of employment in Housing and Interior Design or Home Management graduates in Korea was teaching while in the United States it was extension work, business, governmental work and teaching. It was suggested that in the future, career development in Korea be further explored to include extension service, research, social welfare, financial planning, business, free-lancing, funeral home, home-call, and correctional education. Interviews with executives from 6 business enterprises indicated that most of them were aware of the potential contribution home economists could make for their companies but they expressed a negative attitude towards women in general due to their short stay on the job. Jobs held by Child Development and Family Life majors with a bachelor's degree in Korea were mostly teaching positions in public, junior and senior high school. However, jobs such as nursery school teaching, working in clinical setting, business, and teaching at public, junior and senior high school predominated in the United states. Most Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching in professional colleges while in the United Stated the job variation among the graduates was rather evenly distributed among teaching at college level, public and high school, nursery school and administration areas. Reports from 7 child development majors on the job indicated that they were paid less that secretarial workers. Only half of them were working in their major area and these expressed satisfaction with their work. Two thirds of the respondents indicated no sex discrimination. It was suggested that in the future Child Development and Family Life majors pursue employment in counseling, guidance, recreation, mass media, administration and outreach work as well as education, research and parent education in services for children, teen-agers, adults and families.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2006

WiBro will speed up Ubiquitous era that will have positive effects in our economy such as increase in general production, consumer spending, general export, service qualify, and employment rate. Considering the fact that Wibro is currently commercialized in only few selected countries, Korea has advantage in standardizing technology, accumulating the related know-how, producing domestic parts, and technology marketing experience. I believe developing Wibro technology in Korea will deliver a significant amount of contribution to the future IT technology.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.391-402
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was survey on future job vision and its pride (self-esteem) of dental technicians. It also investigates the future vision on their major of job (denture) and its awareness to improve the work environment and enhance their satisfaction towards job and duties. Methods: In order to research job and its duty satisfaction of dental technicians who mainly work at denture part, certified questionnaire was modified and upgraded for its use. Collected documents were used by 'Window SAS 8.0 Program' for analysis. The significance of the test related to the items and its standards has been decided for p<0.05. To find out the differences between choices when choosing career and the duty satisfaction, t-test, one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA have been used. Results: Following research findings show: 1. There was high self-esteem towards the job as dental technicians but low in future job vision. 2. It has been found that if satisfaction on their job (dental technician) is high then also their satisfaction on its duty (denture part) is high. 3. The factors that affects mostly on duty satisfaction of denture part are 'the contribution on improving oral cavity of people'(${\beta}$=0.33118), 'The possibility of growth of person's job choices'(${\beta}$=0.30035) and 'person's satisfaction on choosing job'(${\beta}$=0.16069). 4. If there is an increase level on the contribution of improving people's oral cavity, the possibility of growth of person's job choices and the person's satisfaction on choosing job, then there is also high growth in denture part's duty satisfaction. 5. It has been found that if there are more employment histories of denture part, the duty satisfaction of denture part were also high. On the other hand, the more employment history of dental technicians get, the duty satisfaction of their denture part was low. Conclusion: Following research results show that there is high self-esteem towards the job as dental technicians but the vision towards future was low. This shows that there is no bright future on dental technology. Therefore, it is important that not only to improve the work environment and pay rise on dental technologists but also to satisfy them. Various program developments and continuous research are needed to increase satisfaction.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-77
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• 2001

The Honam region has been recognized as one of the most lagging regions in Korea. Drawing upon some decompositions oi Gross Regional Domestic Product(GRDP) per head and labor productivity, the overall trend of inequalities in Korea has been revealed and the trajectory of the Honam region's economic change has been identified by examining how the region's economic performance changed relative to that of Korea in the 1990s. There are some findings. First of all, Korea is characterized by strong divergence in the development of its region economies, in terms o\ulcorner per capita GRDP, which relies upon productivity differentials rather than differences in employment rates. Second, the Honam region has displayed poor economic performances in terms of GRDP per head except for Jeonnam. Third, the dramatic fall in cumulative population growth relative to the national average has been an important factor in the Jeonnam's overwhelming economic performance measured by per capita GRDP. Fourth, the decline in the relative productivity of the Honam region is mostly explained by falling relative regional productivity growth in construction, transport and manufacturing, although it should be noted that the latter sector has made positive contribution to raising relative regional productivity of Jeonnam. Fifth, overall the shift in employment to service sector, especially to social, personal, public, health, education, other services other than distribution, hotels, catering has tended to support relative regional productivities, along with the positive contribution being made oi agriculture, forestry and fishing to relative regional productivity growth in the Honam region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.129-142
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• 2023

As the demand for ready-to-eat foods continues to grow, concerns about the sodium in processed foods are also growing. In this study, a survey was conducted on the perception of low-sodium products and diffusion plans according to the type of employee (manufacturer, retailer, distributor). Of the 191 responses collected, 189 valid responses (98.9%) were analyzed. The results showed that the employees were aware of the health contribution of a low-sodium diet, labeling for low-sodium, and the promotion of low-sodium food to increase its consumption. Furthermore, retailers recognized the positive contribution of low-sodium products in terms of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management. The use of sodium substitutes was preferred as the best way to reduce sodium in ready-to-eat foods. With regard to sodium reduction in ready-to-eat foods, we found that the technical factors involved were clustered by the type of business. Specifically, distributors showed a similar performance but had a lower perception of importance than retailers. Manufacturers had a lower perception of both importance and performance. In this study, we collected perceptions from employees who were working at food companies, which differed from previous research. We sought to examine the differences in the perception of sodium reduction and consumption of ready-to-eat foods across various types of employment. Furthermore, we provided specific approaches to reduce perception gaps and enhance understanding among employees.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.275-290
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• 2005

This study investigates whether previous experiences in the labor market such as previous employment type and job type are related to the economic status and poverty in the elderly in Korea. Previous studies are limited in explaining the causes of poverty by using only the proxy variables such as age, marital status, and gender to classify the poverty status of the elderly after poverty has been identified. Therefore little is known about how the economic well-being after retirement is interrelated with previous job experiences in the labour market. The results indicate that the last job type and type of employment are significant predictors for the economic status of elderly. Job type in the labour market is critical for the lifetime economic status of an individual. These findings imply that we might need to reconsider the current public pension system which directly relates the benefit level to the amount of contribution. A system introducing a basic pension or a minimum pension benefit based on the citizenship or residence might be an alternative worth to consider.