• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.365-387
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• 1995

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.29-37
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• 2004

Maintenance are actions (or activities) needed to (i) control equipment degradation and failures and (ii) to restore a failed equipment to operational state. The former is termed Preventive Maintenance (PM) and the latter as Corrective Maintenance (CM).(omitted)

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.173-175
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• 2000

The time-dependence of an $\alpha$-disk model under the influence of collisions of particles is examined. Collisions with viscosity tend to take away angular momentum. Both effects cause the disk to rotate more rapidly. The disk gradually contracts with increasing time.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2016

We consider a two-tier supply chain with multiplicative random yield. We focus on the supply chain performance with respect to the control scheme of determining the production lot size. The profit loss due to distributed control is analyzed to give an insight for devising efficient supply contracts.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2013

Change orders have been widespread in both the private and public construction sectors. In particular, in the case of G2B (Government to Business) contracts, adjustment of contract price and/or schedule extension is a frequent occurrence due to change orders. To uncover the causes of change orders and suggest an appropriate strategy, this study analyzed 296 cases of change orders in military facility construction projects from 2008 to 2010. The analysis revealed that the major causes of change orders are users' additional requirements (28.38%), a change of finishing materials (23.99%), and change of footing type (17.57%), in that order. Building on the results of this analysis, the authors suggest plans for practical improvements. Specific recommendations include 1) reflect user requirements at the early stage, 2) minimize the use of additional budget due to change orders, and 3) reduce the process and time for contract amendment, among others. The results of this study may provide significant implications to those involved in military construction projects, particularly project owners (i.e., the Ministry of Defense) and contractors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.213-224
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• 2012

Supply chain management for complex project focuses on planning acquisitions, identifying and choosing the right suppliers and subcontractors, planning and negotiating appropriate contracts, and administering and closing contracts. Working with suppliers and subcontractors requires continuous integration activities during project execution. This article examines the concept and issues concerning supply chain management in plant engineering Project, of which has not been taken seriously by industry. We propose the technological infra, social infra and information system connecting all participants in supply chain, as the major fields of research requiring industry attentions, and give a brief summary of research in each proposed areas.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.26
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• pp.3-34
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• 2005

This thesis is in focus on keeping int'l businessman in mind application of CISG to perform smoothly in the their oversea's trade in accordance with taking effect on ratification of it from first, March, 2005. First of all, they have to keep in mind that it is possible to fall within the sphere of application of CISG of their contracts made between parties whose places of business are in different countries or although they have their places of business in different contracting states, if rules of private int'l law imply or express to the application of law of contracting state. Therefore in order to avoid confusion about whether apply or not, it is necessary to customize application of CISG as a proper law of their contracts. If so, they can avoid problem of requirements as to forms and any other requirement as to forms. Secondly they must attend the use of the legislative history of CISG and the use of the int'l case law and various scholarly thesises that studied on CISG such as information of Institute of Int'l Commercial Law under School of Law, PACE University. If so, problems which can give a rise in connection with interpretation of a basic and important terminology of CISG will be successfully conquest. In addition to above mentioned attentiveness, they must keeping in mind that various problems in connection with application of provisions of CISG can give their oversea's business a obstacle. buy the way of precaution against this case, they have to collect and analyze various materials about CISG.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 2009

There are customer services jointly provided by two facilities so that each customer will complete the course made up of both facilities' sub-services. The two facilities are assumed invested respectively by an infrastructure owner and one subordinate facility owner, whose partnership is built on their capital investments. This paper presents a mathematical model of Stackelberg competition between the two facility owners to derive their optimal Nash equilibrium. In this study, each facility owner's profit is consisted of fixed revenue fractions of sold services, operating costs (including depreciation cost) and maintenance costs of her facility. The maintenance costs of one facility are incurred both by failures and deterioration due to usage. Moreover, for both facilities, failures are rectified immediately by minimal repairs and preventive maintenance is carried out at a fixed time epoch. Additional assumptions are also employed to develop the model such as customer arrivals are manipulated to follow a Poisson process, and each facility's lifetime is independently Weibull-distributed. The Stackelberg game proceeds as follows. At the first stage of decision making process, the infrastructure owner (acting as a leader) decides the allocation of revenue shares based on her self-interest. After observing the allocation of revenue shares, the subordinate facility owner determines her own optimal price of services. This paper investigates actions and reactions of the two partners in the system. Then analytical conditions are proposed to achieve a unique optimal Nash equilibrium. Finally, some suggestions for further research are discussed.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.23
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• pp.93-127
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• 2004

A contract is made when both parties have reached agreement, or they are deemed to have. After contract the law recognizes rights and obligations arising from the agreement. In order to discover whether agreement was reached between these two parties, we have to analyse the process of negotiation. Recently The People's Republic of China legislated a New Contract Law, which has come into effect since 1st of October 1999. This Law adapts the rules of United Nations(Vienna) Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Unidroit Principles for International Commercial Contracts. And this law is now widely enforced to commercial transactions between individuals, enterprises or other economic organizations of the People's Republic of China and foreign enterprises. Therefore, the foreigner who wish to make a sales contract with Chinese should understand the rules of New Contract Law of China. According to this New Law only a contract which contain offer and acceptance is valid and binding, and it is also pointed out that terms of contact must be certain. Though an oral contract is usually equivalent to a written one, in a case of commercial transactions written contract with signature is desirable. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the new rules of this Law and the new features of their application to commercial transactions in China.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.46
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• pp.181-210
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• 2010

The continuing advance of multimodal transport with the importance for efficient and effective logistics management emphasizes the need for uniform legal approach to international multimodal transport. However, the current fragmented instrument regulating such transport is being an obstacle to development of multimodal transport as it aggravates confusion and uncertainty. The Rotterdam rules, which was adopted in December 2008 by UNCITRAL, expands its scope of application to door-to-door transport. However, the new rules has some problems in its application to multimodal transport operation as it has been conceived not to regulate general multimodal carriage but to regulate contract of carriage by sea that extends its services to the transport by other modes. This article examines conflict of conventions in the Rotterdam Rules. The applicability of the Rotterdam Rules in international multimodal transport contract and possibility of potential conflict with other transport conventions are analyzed with some hypothetical cases. Furthermore, problems arising from application of the Rotterdam Rules under international multimodal transport Contracts are indicated in the chapter IV.