• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2021

This paper presents the multiscale calculation results of the very fast volume transport in micro/nano cylindrical tubes with the wall slippage. There simultaneously occurs the adsorbed layer flow and the intermediate continuum fluid flow which are respectively on different scales. The modeled fluid is water and the tube wall is somewhat hydrophobic. The calculation shows that the power loss on the tube no more than 1.0 Watt/m can generate the wall slippage even if the fluid-tube wall interfacial shear strength is 1 MPa; The power loss on the scale 104 Watt/m produces the volume flow rate through the tube more than one hundred times higher than the classical hydrodynamic theory calculation even if the fluid-tube wall interfacial shear strength is 1 MPa. When the wall slippage occurs, the volume flow rate through the tube is in direct proportion to the power loss on the tube but in inverse proportion to the fluid-tube wall interfacial shear strength. For low interfacial shear strengths such as no more than 1 kPa, the transport in the tube appears very fast with the magnitude more than 4 orders higher than the classical calculation if the power loss on the tube is on the scale 104 Watt/m.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.183-197
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• 2023

Scarce research has been published on crack propagation fracture of flywheels manufactured with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers. The present work deals with a calculation method to determine the conditions for which a crack propagates in the axial direction of the flywheel. The assumptions are: flywheels made with just a single thick ply or ply clustering laminates, oriented following the hoop direction; a single crack is analyzed in the plane defined by the hoop and axial directions; the crack starts close to one of the free edges; its axial length is initially large enough so that its tip is far away from that free edge, and the crack expands the entire circumferential perimeter and keeps its concentric position. The developed method provides information for a good design of flywheels. It is concluded that a fracture-based crack propagation criterion generally occurs at a lower speed than a stress-based criterion. Also, that the evolution of failure with thickness using the fracture criterion is exponential, demonstrating that thin flywheels are relatively not sensitive to crack propagation, whereas thick ones are very prone.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.73.2-73.2
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• 2019

The physical origin of low escape fractions of ionizing radiation derived from Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z ~ 3 - 4 is a puzzle in the theory of reionization. We perform idealized disk galaxy simulations to investigate how galactic properties, such as metallicity and gas mass, affect the escape of Lyman continuum (LyC) photons using radiation-hydrodynamic code RAMSES-RT, with strong stellar feedback. We find that the luminosity-weighted escape fraction from a metal-poor (Z=0.002) galaxy embedded in a halo of mass M_h ~ 10¹¹ M_⊙ is 〈f^3D_esc〉 ~ 8%. However, when the gas metallicity is increased to Z=0.02, the escape fraction is significantly reduced to 〈f^3D_esc〉 ~ 1%, as young stars are enshrouded by their birth clouds for a longer period of time. On the other hand, increasing the gas mass by a factor of 5 leads to 〈f^3D_esc〉 ~ 4%, as LyC photons are only moderately absorbed by the thicker disk. Our experiments seem to suggest that high metallicity is primarily responsible for the low escape fractions observed from LBGs, supporting the scenario in which the escape fraction has a negative correlation with halo mass. Indeed, our simulated galaxy with the typical metallicity of LBGs (Z=0.006) shows the relative escape fraction of 8%, consistent with recent observations of galaxies with M₁₅₀₀ = -20.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.1-28
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• 2015

The work appeared a featured female character in the Disney animation film begins with 'Snow White' released in 1937. After then, the 11 female characters appeared included 'Tangled' in 2010. Female characters reveal their identity due to obedient, family-oriented and marriage with prince and then gradually develop to heroine who leads to man, and is independent, pioneering, and sometimes saves the nation. Nevertheless, the ending of the Disney animation was still not escape the institutional, traditional discourse. Female characters are followed to meet the featured actor kissing and marriage, or was to show the virtues of sacrifice for the actor. However, Elsa in 'Frozen' is the character with an independent identity compared with the patriarchy, male chauvinism and heterosexual dichotomous discourse given so far in Disney. In this study, it is to explain the change of gender identity in the character of Elsa through Queer theory that deconstructs the distinction between sex and gender, and is constituted by the actions typed and performed the gender concept, and is dismantling the dichotomy itself such as male/female, heterosexual/homosexual. The performative of Queer make the boundaries between lesbian-gay, sexuality and heterosexual ambiguous. It can be said that the performative has political nature resisted to the dominant discourse through these parodiable strategy. The performative showed of Elsa is in the boundaries between the sisterhood and the heterosexual. When analyzed in a heterosexual perspective Elsa's identity is to be understood as simply just love the intimacy of a sister and a sister. On the other hand, if you focused on the relationship between women and the relationship between Elsa and Anna is recognized as the point of view of homosexuality. Because if you look at the concept of lesbian continuum, the homosexual love in the female characters of Disney seems like a bond between women, easier than heterosexual love can be hidden sexual desires. Elsa has developed into a performative identity through the expression of performative and the inhibitory of queer identity. And then the her sorcery that was initially contraindicated and the presence of a fear became to the 'lesbian phallus'. The sorcery that can be seen the signifying phallus against to the privileges of heterosexual patriarchy is recognized in the world of Arendal. Elsa is a new women featuring Disney characters. as this character is analysised by Queer theory, this study seeks to expand the area of the various character analysis methods.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

The home health care industry has grown rapidly and can be expected to continue to grow in the foreseeable future. Home health care refers to the practice of nursing applied to clients with a health condition in the clients place of residence. clients and their designated care givers are the focus at home health nursing practice. The goal of care is to initiate. manage and evaluate the resources needed to promote the clients optimal level of well-being and function. Nursing activities necessary to achieve this goal may warrant preventive maintenance and restorative emphases to prevent potential problems from developing. Many project program were suggested home health care model for Korea's health care system and policy direction for expansion and establishment of home health care .But the aim of this paper is to provide on overview for theoretical frame work in home health care. Theories and conceptual frameworks or models are important nursing because they define and guide the boundaries of professional practice and identify key nurse-patient-caregiver relationships that emerge with caring. Following is the research with an investigation of the literature review in the University of Arizona international medline database, In conclusion, are as followers: First, many nursing theorists have had a tremendous impact on nursing practice. the following highlights those nursing theorists that are particularly helpful in understanding home health care. 1. Florence Nightingale : Our earliest theoretical legacy. Nightingale's believes are reflected in basic infection control practice such as hand washing and infectious waste disposal and are key nursing interventions in home care. 2. Martha Roger's :Science of unitary human beings theory. Rorger's believed that the focus of shared. non invasive healing modelities is the human environmental field rather than direct physical care. These modelities continue to evolve as our awareness (reflecting greater diversity, faster rhythms, motions, and ways of knowing) transcends time and space, allowing individuals to get in touch with their integral nature of unbroken wholeness. On people as ever changing energy fields have special relevance in home care especially with hospice and palliative care applications. 3. Madeline Leininger's; Transcultural nursing theory. Home care nurses move through a variety of communities and often care for patients from different cultural back grounds. Therefore Leininger's work has a good that with home care because home care nursing practice is very culturally focused. 4. Dorothea Orem's : Self care deficit theory. Orem's theory views care as something to be performed by both nurses and patients. The role of the nurse is to provide education and support that help patients acquire the necessary activities to perform self-care. Orem's theory is foundational to have care because it begins to truly acknowledge the role of the patient in managing his or her own health. which is referred to as self-care. 5. Margaret Neuman's; Health as expending consciousness theory. Neuman believes that health compasses disease and reflects an underlying pattern of person-environment interaction. A key application of 'Neuman's work to home care is for nurses to understand that health and illness do not necessarily exist at opposite ends of a continuum. 6. Jean Watson's: Theory of human caring. Watson's theory of human caring in nursing proposes human caring as the moral ideal of nursing. Nurses participate human caring to protect, enhance and preserve humanity by assisting individuals to fing meaning in illness. pain and existence and to help others gain self knowledge. self control. and self healing such thinking lends richness to theory development. as well as clinical practice in home care. Second, Robin Rice : Dynamic self determination for self care. (A theoretical framework for home care) Dynamical self determination for self care can be useful to home care nurses in a variety of ways. As research tool it can be reflected in the interview process when the home visit. The home care nurse's role is that of facilitator of patient self-determination for self care through numerous strategies. including patient education and case management.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2007

In general, the response of bulk material is independent of its size when it comes to considering classical elasticity theory. Because the surface to bulk ratio of the large solids is very small, the influence of surface can be negligible. But the surface effect plays important role as the surface to bulk ratio becomes larger, that is, the contribution of the surface effect must be considered in nano-size elements such as thin film or beam structure. Molecular dynamics computation has been a conventional way to analyze these ultra-thin structures but this method is limited to simulate on the order of $10^6{\sim}10^9$ atoms for a few nanoseconds, and besides, very time consuming. Analysis of structures in submicro to micro range(thin-film, wire etc.) is difficult with classical molecular dynamics due to the restriction of computing resources and time. Therefore, in this paper, the continuum-based method is considered to simulate the overall physical and mechanical properties of the structures in nano-scale, especially, for the thin-film.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.221-234
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• 2000

This thesis aims to study the space concept of the constructive mode in the work space of the postmodernism artists since 1970s. According to the changing view of the world artists, they are searching for the characteristics of having the parameter of formative organization on how they are related to the constructive system which represents the work styles. First, this study searches for the theoretical approaches of the constructive system and parameters that were studied by Le Corbusier - the module concept as the meaning of order system being used for the basic formative construction Second, when it is regarded as a formative construction in making art as the'principles of organization'(the law of living form), which was defined by Suzanne Langer in the formative theory as the organized structure shown in growth structure in mu and ecological system, the principles governing the module rules were arthmetically analysed art-work space through the dynamic symmetry of Jay Hambidge. Therefore, this study shows the principles working on the parameters for new formative organization as follows: First, the module in the work space should be designed and built from the dynamic symmetry. Second, the module should satisfy the human needs that it must be acceptable, efficient, flexible, which are the necessary and sufficient condition for the dynamic symmetry. Third, the dynamic symmetry which has the principle of Reciprocity and the principle of Complement as its primary construction principle has the common properties and the reciprocity in the construction of the work space and when it has the self similarity, it segments organically the total space without damaging the continuum.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.229-265
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• 2012

Hygroexpansion of wood is a known and undesired characteristic in civil engineering. When wood is exposed to changing environmental humidity, it adsorbs or desorbs moisture and warps. The resulting distortions or - at restrained conditions - cracks are a major concern in timber engineering. We herein present a multiscale model for prediction of the macroscopic hygroexpansion behavior of individual pieces of softwood from their microstructure, demonstrated for spruce. By applying poromicromechanics, we establish a link between the swelling pressure, driving the hygroexpansion of wood at the nanoscale, and the resulting macroscopic dimensional changes. The model comprises six homogenization steps, which are performed by means of continuum micromechanics, the unit cell method and laminate theory, all formulated in a poromechanical framework. Model predictions for elastic properties of wood as functions of the moisture content closely approach corresponding experimental data. As for the hygroexpansion behavior, the swelling pressure has to be back-calculated from macroscopic hygroexpansion data. The good reproduction of the anisotropy of wood hygroexpansion, based on only a single scalar calibration parameter, underlines the suitability of the model. The multiscale model constitutes a valuable tool for studying the effect of microstructural features on the macroscopic behavior and for assessing the hygroexpansion behavior at smaller length scales, which are inaccessible to experiments. The model predictions deliver input parameters for the analysis of timber at the structural scale, therewith enabling to optimize the use of timber and to prevent moisture-induced damage or failure.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2015

A state-based peridynamic model is able to describe a general constitutive model from the standard continuum theory. The response of a material at a point is dependent on the deformation of all bonds connected to the point within the nonlocal horizon region. Therefore, the state-based peridynamic model permits both the volume and shear changes of the material which is promising to reproduce the complicated dynamic brittle fracture phenomena, such as crack branching, secondary cracks, cascade cracks, crack coalescence, etc. In this paper, the two-dimensional state-based peridynamic model for a linear elastic plane stress solid is employed. The damage model incorporates the energy release rate and the peridynamic energy potential. For brittle glass materials, the impact of the crack-parallel compressive stress waves on the crack branching pattern is investigated. The peridynamic solution for this problem captures the main features, observed experimentally, of dynamic crack propagation and branching. Cascade cracks under strong tensile loading and secondary cracks are also well reproduced with the state-based peridynamic simulations.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.9
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• pp.151-170
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• 2010

As an art group, De Stijl (1917-1931) led a total art movement encompassing painting, sculpture, design, and architecture. Among these, architecture, as a model of the total art pursued by the group, was encapsulated by the term 'plastic architecture.' The term reflects architecture's shared features with plastic art, especially its pictorial characteristics. Firstly, De Stijl architecture shares geometric form with painting. Assembled in simple, clear and rational structures, the geometric forms signified universal forms, and extended the pictorial experimentation that Mondrian exercised through Neo-Plasticism to architecture. Constructed with colour fields made of concrete wall, De Stijl architecture is geometric abstract painting embodied in space. Together with such pictorial characteristics, large plate glass windows, narrow window frames, and cantilever structure minimize the building's visual weight. De Stijl architecture, which appears suspended in the air, is an architectural version of the abstract paintings of the era that revealed unknown spaces beyond perspective. De Stijl architecture is also an 'open' architecture, where the units placed as if radiating from the center form relations with each other flexibly and organically. The observer in such a space is encouraged to experience space within time, as his/her physical and visual mobility and extension are maximized. De Stijl architecture is an example of how the time-space continuum, represented within picture frame through Cubism, Futurism, and abstract art, can be realized in space. By transforming the ideal space of painting into real space in this way, 'plastic architecture' turned out to be an architectural manifestation of the utopianism of the era, aimed at building a society in 'perfect harmony.' However, such rationalism and universalism are not free from the violence of totalization that deletes various differences. This is evident in the history that followed as the geometric form of architecture and urban planning proliferated across the globe, engulfing the diverse natural landscapes and local cultures.