• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2023

The global popularity of K-content(Korean Wave) has led to a continuous increase in copyright infringement cases involving domestic works, not only within the country but also overseas. In response to this trend, there is active research on technologies for detecting illegal distribution sites of domestic copyrighted materials, with recent studies utilizing the characteristics of domestic illegal distribution sites that often include a significant number of advertising banners. However, the application of detection techniques similar to those used domestically is limited for overseas illegal distribution sites. These sites may not include advertising banners or may have significantly fewer ads compared to domestic sites, making the application of detection technologies used domestically challenging. In this study, we propose a detection technique based on the similarity comparison of links and text trees, leveraging the characteristic of including illegal sharing posts and images of copyrighted materials in a similar hierarchical structure. Additionally, to accurately compare the similarity of large-scale trees composed of a massive number of links, we utilize Graph Neural Network (GNN). The experiments conducted in this study demonstrated a high accuracy rate of over 95% in classifying regular sites and sites involved in the illegal distribution of copyrighted materials. Applying this algorithm to automate the detection of illegal distribution sites is expected to enable swift responses to copyright infringements.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.589-594
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• 2023

K-POP plays a key role in the Korean Wave and is becoming more popular over time. In K-POP, K-POP dance plays an important role in increasing public interest and support and reflects the taste of the audience according to the rapidly changing times. In addition, it has a variety of unique choreography forms, such as point choreography and dance that is perfectly in sync associated with the lyrics of the song, so it has sufficient possibility to raise its status independently. In order to examine the fact that K-POP dance is not an element included in K-POP, this researcher tried to investigate the case of interest in -K-POP dance in various ways and to clarify the meaning of the existence of K-POP dance once again. K-POP dance is gaining international interest and support through the mass media through various examples, raising the awareness of choreographers. In addition, created the integration of various races and ages. It also continues to help the country's economic growth while expanding to education. It also serves as a cultural notification in that it promotes Korean culture and manners along with -K-POP dance. However, this researcher emphasizes that for the continuous growth and independence of K-POP dance in the future, a program to cultivate systematic educators are needed, and the efforts of K-POP dance educators and choreographers are needed accordingly.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.spc1
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• pp.1027-1036
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• 2023

Coastal topographic information is crucial in coastal management, but point measurment based approeaches, which are labor intensive, are generally applied to land and underwater, separately. This study introduces an efficient method enabling land and undetwater surveys using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This method involves applying two different algorithms to measure the topography on land and water depth, respectively, using UAV imagery and merge them to reconstruct whole coastal digital elevation model. Acquisition of the landside terrain is achieved using the Structure-from-Motion Multi-View Stereo technique with spatial scan imagery. Independently, underwater bathymetry is retrieved by employing a depth inversion technique with a drone-acquired wave field video. After merging the two digital elevation models into a local coordinate, interpolation is performed for areas where terrain measurement is not feasible, ultimately obtaining a continuous nearshore terrain. We applied the proposed survey technique to Jangsa Beach, South Korea, and verified that detailed terrain characteristics, such as berm, can be measured. The proposed UAV-based survey method has significant efficiency in terms of time, cost, and safety compared to existing methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.208-218
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• 2012

Numerical simulation technique has been developed to calculate microwave backscattering from water surface. The simulation plays a role of a substitute for experiments. Validation of the simulation was shown by comparing with experimental results. Water area observations by microwave radar have been simulated to evaluate algorithms and systems. Furthermore, the simulation can be used to understand microwave scattering mechanism on the water surface. The simulation has applied to the various methods for water area observations, and the utilizations of the simulation are introduced in this paper. In the case of fixed radar, we show following examples, 1. Radar image with a pulse Doppler radar, 2. Effect of microwave irradiation width and 3. River observation (Water level observation). In addition, another application (4.Synthetic aperture radar image) is also described. The details of the applications are as follows. 1. Radar image with a pulse Doppler radar: A new system for the sea surface observation is suggested by the simulation. A pulse Doppler radar is assumed to obtain radar images that display amplitude and frequency modulation of backscattered microwaves. The simulation results show that the radar images of the frequency modulation is useful to measure sea surface waves. 2. Effect of microwave irradiation width: It is reported (Rheem[2008]) that microwave irradiation width on the sea surface affects Doppler spectra measured by a CW (Continuous wave) Doppler radar. Therefore the relation between the microwave irradiation width and the Doppler spectra is evaluated numerically. We have shown the suitable condition for wave height estimation by a Doppler radar. 3. River observation (Water level observation): We have also evaluated algorithms to estimate water current and water level of river. The same algorithms to estimate sea surface current and sea surface level are applied to the river observation. The simulation is conducted to confirm the accuracy of the river observation by using a pulse Doppler radar. 4. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image: SAR images are helpful to observe the global sea surface. However, imaging mechanisms are complicated and validation of analytical algorithms by SAR images is quite difficult. In order to deal with the problems, SAR images in oceanic scenes are simulated.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.846-855
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• 1999

Background : Secondary pulmonary hypertension is an important final endpoint in patients with chronic hypoxic lung disease, accompanied by deterioration of pulmonary hemodynamics. The clinical diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and/or cor pulmonale could be difficult, and simple noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary artery pressures has been an relevant clinical challenge for many years. Doppler echocardiography might to be a more reliable method for evaluating pulmonary hemodynamics in such patients in terms of the accuracy, reproducibility and easiness for obtaining an appropriate echocardiographic window than M-mode echocardiography. The aim of this study was to assess echocardiographic parameters associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, defined by increasing right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP), calculated from trans-tricuspid gradient in patients with chronic hypoxic lungs. Method : We examined 19 patients with chronic hypoxic lung disease, suspected pulmonary hypertension under the clinical guidelines by two dimensional echocardiography via the left parasternal and subcostal approach in a supine position. Doppler echocardiography measured RVSP from tricuspid regurgitant velocity in continuous wave with 2.5MHz transducer and acceleration time(AT) on right ventricular outflow tract in pulsed wave for the estimation of pulmonary arterial pressure. Results : On echocardiography, moderate to severe degree of pulmonary arterial hypertension was defined as RVSP more than 40mmHg, presenting tricuspid regurgitation. Increased right ventricular endsystolic diameter and shortened AT were noted in the increased RVSP group. Increased RVSP was correlated negatively with the shortening of AT. Other clinical data, including pulmonary functional parameters, arterial blood gas analysis and M mode echocardiographic parameters were not changed significantly with the increased RVSP. Conclusion : These findings suggest that shortened AT on pulsed doppler can be useful when quantifying pulmonary arterial pressure with increased RVSP in patients with chronic lung disease with hypoxemia. Doppler echocardiography in pulmonary hypertension of chronic hypoxic lungs is an useful option, based on noninvasiveness under routine clinical practice.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.378-389
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability of root canal obturation with or without the treatment of smear layer. Eighty extracted human teeth with one canal were selected Instrumentation was performed with crown-down technique. After instrumentation, root canals of the NaOCl group and NaOCl-6 group were irrigated with 3% NaOCl. EDTA group and EDTA-6 group were irrigated with 17% EDTA. Then all teeth were obturated using continuous wane obturation technique NaOCl group and EDTA group were immersed in methylene blue solution for 84hours. NaOCl-6 group and EDTA-6 group were immersed in methylene blue solution for 6months. The teeth were sectioned at 1.5 mn (Level 1), 3.0 mm (Level 2) and 4.5 mm (Level 3) from the root apex. The length of dye-penetrated inter-face and the circumferential length of canal at each level were measured using Sigma-Scan Pro 5.0. 1. The mean leakage ratio was decreased cervically. 2. NaOCl group showed higher mean leakage ratio than EDTA group at each level. But there was significant difference at level 1 only (p < 0.05). 3. NaOCl-6 group showed higher mean leakage ratio than EDTA-6 group at each level. But there was significant difference at level 1 only (p < 0.05). 4. NaOCl-6 group showed higher mean leakage ratio than NaOCl group at each level. But there was significant difference at level 1 only (p < 0.05). 5. EDTA-6 group showed higher mean leakage ratio than EDTA group at each level. But there was no significant difference. 6. In NaOCl group and NaOCl-6 group, scanning electron micrographs of tooth sections generally covered with smear layer. In EDTA group and EDTA-6 group, tooth sections showing the penetration of sealers to opened dentinal tubules. The results suggest that removal of smear layer was effective to reduce the apical microleakage of the root canal.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.118-132
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• 2003

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Joksamni(ST36) combination on NAD PH-diaphorase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS), neuropeptide Y(NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the cerebral cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rat. Methods: The experimental groups were divided into four groups: Normal, Joksamni(ST36), Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9), and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11). Needles were inserted into acupoints at the depth of 0.5cm with basic insertion method. Electroacupuncture was done under the condition of 2Hz electrical biphasic pulses with continuous rectangular wave lasting for 0.2ms until the muscles produced visible contractions. Such stimulation was applied continuously for 10 minutes, 1 time every 2 days for 10 sessions of treatments. Thereafter we evaluated changes in NADPH-d positive neurons histochemically and changes in nNOS, NPY and VIP positive neurons immunohistochemically. Results: The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group in primary somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group with the exception of primary somatosensory cortex. The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group in auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex, insular cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group. The optical densities of NPY positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni (ST36) and Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) groups. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group were significantly increased in all areas of cerebral cortex except for cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in auditory cortex, cingulate cortex, perirhinal cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group. Conclusions: The result demonstrated that electroacupuncture on Joksamni(ST36) and its combination change the activities of the NO system and peptidergic system in the cerebral cortex of SHR and that acupoint combination is one of the important parameters for the effects.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.615-628
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• 2004

In order to elucidate seasonal sedimentary characteristics and depositional environment after construction of seawall on macrotidal flat, a seasonal observations of surface sediments (total 450) and sedimentation rates on 4 transects have been investigated for 2 years. The eastern area of Iwon tidal flat, has been changed from semi-closed coast to open coast by construction of seawall, shows general seasonal changes similar to characteristics of open coast type, which represented both fining and bad sorted distribution due to deposition of fine sediments under low energy condition in the summer, and relatively coarser and better sorted distribution because of erosion of fine sediments in the winter. In considering angles of transects, distribution patterns of surface sediments, the northern and southern parts of eastern tidal flat are dominantly influenced by wave and tidal effects, respectively. As time goes by, the eastern tidal flat shows coarsening-trend of surface sediments caused by direct effect of tidal current, were and typhoon. Meanwhile the western area of seawall, which has been re-formed by construction seawall, is sheltered from northwesterly seasonal wind. The seasonal change pattern of western area of seawall is slightly different from that of eastern tidal flat. Mean grain size and sorting of surface sediments during spring is finer and worse than those during summer. This seasonal change pattern maybe influenced by topographic effects caused from the construction of seawall. In consideration of all result, the transport of fine sediments in the study area, which is supplied to limited sediments, shows clockwise circulation pattern that fine sediments are transported from the eastern tidal flat to the western area of seawall because of blocking of seawall in the winter and are transported reversed direction the summer. As a result, many changes have been observed in the study area after construction of seawall; however, this change is still in progress and is expected to need continuous monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.202-223
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• 2020

This purpose of this article is to identify the original form of the gilt-bronze ornamental pieces unearthed from the east part of the third wooden coffin in the Naju Bogam-ri Jeongchon (NBJ) tombs. The gilt-bronze ornamental pieces were all small, measuring less than 3cm in size and about 0.2cm in thickness, and only 19 or more small pieces were identified. In each piece of gilt decoration, a circular perforation, convex pattern, leaf-shaped spangle (瓔珞), 2 small holes for attaching spangles and gilt-bronze thread, 2 small holes for unknown purposes, and a continuous dot pattern of about 0.05 cm can be observed. As a result, it was judged that the gilt-bronze pieces excavated from the NBJ No. 1 chamber were part of the Headband Crown. Therefore, type 1 and type 3 of the gilt-bronze pieces were determined to be part of the Headband, and type 2 to be part of the Vertical Ornaments. Based on previous results, two types of restoration were proposed for NBJ No. 1 tomb gilt-bronze ornaments. In the first restoration proposal, there are wave-shaped dot patterns on the top and bottom of the crown, and the middle decoration is a spangle, circular perforation and spangle and a convex-pattern. In the second restoration plan, one row of convex patterns was added among the decorations in the middle of the first. The same type of vertical ornament was found in the Sochang (小倉) collection crown, but the overall structure and shape of the crown were completely different. On the other hand, the use of small holes of unknown use, as seen in the crown, was presumed to represent holes for fixing to a cap of organic matter. The restored NBJ No. 1 tomb gilt-bronze crown is characterized by circular punching, which makes it difficult to find an analogy in the other Three Kingdoms-period crowns. Unlike the existing halls in Gaya, Mahan, and Baekje, each district has a unique shape and decoration. The gilt-bronze crown excavated from NBJ No. 1 tomb is thought to reflect these characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.157-168
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• 1994

This study was carried out to elucidate the time course variation of vitamin $D_{3}$ (V$D_{3}$) and 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_{3}$ [25(OH)$D_{3}$] contents in the liver and skeleton of 3-wk old broiler chicks when treated with different UV irradiation procedure. Day-old Hubbard chicks were fed vitamin D deficient diet for 3 wk and exposed to medium wave ultraviolet(UVB) light with different irradiation procedures. Procedure I was 30 min continuous irradiation(O.204 mJ /$cm^{2}$) and Procedure II was three seperate 10 min irradiation with 12 h intervals, and Procedure III was three seperate 10 min irradiation with 24 h intervals. The liver and skeleton samples were collected at 10 different times between 0000~2400 h after the last irradiation. The V$D_{3}$ and 25(OH)$D_{3}$ fractions wereseparated by Sep-Pak silica cartridge and the concentrations were determined by normal phase HPLC. The mean content of V$D_{3}$ in the liver of the birds treated by Procedure II was 6.68 ng /g, which was higher than 5.60 and 5.30 ng /g from Procedure I and Ill, respectively(P<.O5). With regard to the effect of elapsed time after UVB irradiation on the V$D_{3}$ concentration of the liver, 96 h treatment showed the highest value(13.08 ng/g)(P<.05). There was a significant(P$D_{3}$ were significantly(P$D_{3}$ in the skeleton of tibia and femur, there were no significant differences among Procedure I, II and III, but significant differences were found among those from various elapsed time after irradiation, The highest value was shown at 96 h(O.99 ng /g) treatment, and interaction between irradiation procedure and elapsed time was not significant. With regard to the mean content of 25(OH)$D_{3}$ in bone, the Procedure II(18.79 ng /g) and III(17.73 ng /g) showed higher values than Procedure I did (P<.05), and the 12 h elapsed time showed the highest value(31.17 ng /g) among 10 treatments (P<.05), however, there was no significant interaction between exposing procedure and elapsed time. In conclusion, the Procedure II would he more desirable than Procedure I or III to produce more V$D_{3}$ and 25(OH)$D_{3}$ in the liver and skeleton of birds by exposing to the UVB light. Also, it was verified that 25(OH)$D_{3}$ increases more quickly than V$D_{3}$ in both tissues tested and is utilized more quickly to recover from the rickets of chicks.