• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2004

Recently It becomes a rapidly growing concern to find effective ways of managing IS development projects as the projects increase in many organization. This paper focuses on developing an integrative management framework for IS development project in contingent perspective. The framework is based upon contingent relationship between management dimensions of IS development project and the characteristics of the task replaced or supported by an IS. Management dimensions of IS development consist of mode, content and process. Task characteristics which are considered as contingent variables include project size, unstructuredness level, hierarchical level, interdependence level and system innovativeness level. The data used for validating this conceptual framework are collected from 119 IS development projects in 70 Korean business organizations. One-way ANOVA and T-test are employed to test the hypotheses.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.71-82
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• 2018

Purpose - This study examined the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employee creativity. Past research has consistently shown that intrinsic motivation is positively related to creativity. Yet conflicting results have been reported about the relationship between extrinsic motivation and creativity. To explore the reason why extrinsic motivation can either help or hurt creativity, we examined the role of contingent rewards as a moderator and tested whether either tangible or intangible rewards contingent upon creative performance significantly impact the relationship between extrinsic motivation and creativity. Research design, data, and methodology - Survey data was collected from employees working for diverse organizations in Korea through online research firm. Only employees who reported their job or organization provided opportunities to use their creativity were allowed to continue the survey. Out of 305 initial responses collected, those with too much missing data were deleted, which finally left 278 responses for statistical analyses. To examine the validity of the measurements, confirmatory factor analysis was first conducted. Next, to test the hypothesized relationships, multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results - As hypothesized, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation had positive effects on creativity. It was shown that contingent rewards did not influence the positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity, but did significantly moderate the relationship between extrinsic motivation and creativity in a way that tangible rewards strengthened the relationship while intangible rewards mitigated the same relationship. Conclusions - This research enhances our understanding on the relationship between motivation type, rewards, and creativity. Intrinsically motivated employees showed a high level of creativity regardless of whether rewards were expected or not. In contrast, extrinsically motivated employees showed more or less creative behavior depending on whether they were expected to have tangible or intangible rewards. As extrinsic motivation is typically associated with tangible rewards such as pay, promotion, etc., tangible rewards were seen to be more effective in promoting creative performance from extrinsically motivated employees than intangible rewards. Our findings make a significant theoretical contribution to reconcile prior inconsistent findings. Furthermore, they provide useful insights for managers and organizations into developing effective strategies for facilitating employee creativity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.206-216
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment according to employment types. As a result of this study, firstly, while there is a significant difference in the job itself satisfaction between regular and contingent workers, there is no significant difference in the organizational commitment between regular and contingent workers. Concretely, a job itself satisfaction degree is higher in contingent workers rather than in regular ones, and the level of organizational commitment is no difference between regular and contingent workers. Secondly, there is no moderating effect according to employment types in job satisfaction influencing on organizational commitment. In addition, there is a partially difference in the job satisfaction factor having influence on regular and contingent workers' organizational commitment. That is, it is confirmed that the satisfaction of job itself in regular workers has influence on organizational commitment positively, and the satisfaction of job itself, promotion, and supervisor in contingent workers has influence on organizational commitment positively.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-102
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• 2020

Contingent self-esteem can be maintained by meeting the standards of social or introjected values. This study investigated whether social media-related contingent self-esteem was associated with depression in Instagram users; in a sample of 319 Instagram users, we examined the effect of contingent self-esteem on depression and the mediating effect of upward social comparison on this theorized relationship. The study findings indicated that higher contingent self-esteem predicted higher levels of depression for a week in Instagram users, which could be explained by the upward social comparisons made on this application, and showed that Instagram users with higher contingent self-esteem tended to compare themselves with other users they considered superior, thereby increasing their depression. This study provided evidence for the mechanism underlying the association between using social media and psychological well-being and indicated the vulnerability of contingent self-esteem within the social media context. Other implications and future research directions were also discussed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.87-105
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• 2006

The goal of this study is to analyze the complicated and diverse nature of the relationship between work and family life for the study paper instructors of whom are married women. The survey data for these analyses were from an in depth interview which was conducted with the 21 contingent female workers as study samples. They are the married women, who started to work or returned to work after an absence to raise a family. The results showed that in reality the contingent female worker faced worse working conditions than the full time female labour force, even if women were determined to be a study paper instructor to meet work and family demand. It was the contingent women worker with a short time work experience who were in the worst position tlo adjust their working arrangements to suit their family needs and were confronted with the greater inter-role friction as a vulnerable group. The study revealed that instrumental and emotional support of husband has a positive effect on maintaining job role and lessening role conflicts and stress of the women. The work/family relationship indicated its double side, conflict and support. The women simply could not afford to depend on the psychological support form family in the midst of the inferior employment conditions and the absence of social support. This strategy, however, was based on the family ideology and the patriarchal gender division of labor. It caused the overload, stress and poor health of women involving some risk to give up the work.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.683-684
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• 2015

Project Financing (PF) is the long-term financing of infrastructure and industrial projects based upon the projected cash flows of the project rather than the balance sheets of its sponsors. However, the financial institution, the subject of financing in the case of PF in Korea, the lack of validation system of business, rather than to assess the feasibility of the project, requested a credit reinforcement to the construction company, the fact is Construction Company on loans of the employer is the guarantor or debt argument commitments accordingly. As a result, PF contingent liabilities, which are indirect debt, are triggered in the construction company, not included in the financial statements, along with the disclosure standards established according to 2009 PF contingent liabilities, and major can be a management item. In this study, PF contingent liabilities is of Pearson of the index and the PF debt ratio showing the main financial ratios and risk by classifying the credit rating and contractors Ranking of construction companies in order to analyze the impact on the financial condition of the company was performed correlation analyzes, through the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis indicated quantitative or negative relationship to derive the explicit indication.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-197
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• 1995

In a study involving 52 large organizations in the savings institutions industry, the relationship between information systems technology (IST) structure and competitive strategy was investigated based on structural contingency theory. Structural contingency theory argues that organizational performance is contingent on the congruence between structure and contingent factors. Competitive strategy is considered to be the most important contingent factor among organizational context variables. Two dimensions of IST structure and three types of competitive strategy were employed to test a contingency model. It was found that enhanced congruence between IST structure and competitive strategy was associated with higher competitive advantage. The structural dimension significantly associated with the "defender" strategic stance was more centralized and more integrated application of IST, while the structural dimension significantly associated with "prospector" positioning was more decentralized and less integrated application of IST.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.11
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• pp.111-135
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• 2002

Since companies are increasingly aware of the importance of upstream and downstream organizations to their performance, companies' leaders would also like to influence operations with supply chain partners. This paper aims to study the SCM performance and the influencing factors, that is Buyer's leadership and Vendor's relationship-orientation. Also, I try to examine the mediating effect of relationship-orientation between leadership and SCM performance. The results of this study can be summarized as follow; (1) The charismatic trait and individual consideration in transformational leadership factors, and contingent reward in transactional leadership factors positively effected to the relational-orientation. But intellectual stimulation and management-by-exception did not effected to relational-orientation. (2) Only contingent reward in transactional leadership factors was significantly related to the SCM performance. (3) Relational-orientation mediated between SCM leadership and SCM performance.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2023

This study aimed to check the role of SNS upward comparison and SNS usage motivation in the effect of contingent self-esteem on inferiority feelings by verifying the link between each variable in young adults. Depending on passed studies, a study model for the relationship of each variable was founded and the moderated mediation effect was checked. We performed a survey on 400 young adults using SNS through an online survey, and finally, a total of 351 data were employed for analysis. The outcome of the analysis was as follows. First, contingent self-esteem, SNS upward comparison, SNS usage motivation, and inferiority feelings were all affirmed to reveal a positive correlation. Second, contingent self-esteem had an important impact on inferiority feelings, which was mediated by SNS upward comparison. Third, the relationship between SNS upward comparison and inferiority feelings was moderated by SNS usage motivation. Finally, SNS usage motivation moderated the indirect effect of contingent self-esteem on inferiority feelings via SNS upward comparison. Based on the results of this study, we presented the psychological and emotional implications that can experience the inferiority feelings in young adults.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the fuzzy pattern that is reflected on the inside of the value evaluator in measuring the economic value of architectural aesthetic using the fuzzy-contingent valuation method. The main results of analyzing the relationship between architectural aesthetic and fuzzy patterns by typing 307 fuzzy patterns collected from visitors at Dongdaemun Design Plaza are as follows: First, low levels of architectural aesthetic can be a primary cause of extreme refusal of payment. However, it was confirmed that the extreme refusal of payment could partially involve mentality of free-ride on public goods or mentality that would not give value to past events that are not future. Second, if the architectural aesthetic score is 77.5, the most perfect form of fuzzy pattern is formed. It is confirmed that the fuzzy form, which is the standard in the relationship between architectural aesthetic and money value, is made at 77.5 points. This means that it is most efficient to have 77.5 points of architectural aesthetic to secure balanced data by membership in the study of architectural aesthetic value measurement through fuzzy pattern. Third, according to the architectural aesthetic score, respondents can be interpreted as follows: no monetary willingness arises before or after 52.4, starts to respond to the amount before and after 65.6, severe conflict over payments around 70.6~71.7, stronger willingness to pay around 77.6, want to pay for sure around 80.0.