• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

In this paper, we design a middleware for context-awareness which provides compound contexts from diverse sensors on a mobile device. Until now, most of context-aware application developers have taken responsibility for context processing from sensing data. Such application-level context processing causes heavily redundant data processing and leads to significant resource waste in energy as well as computing. In the proposed scheme, we define primitive and compound context map which consists of relavant sensors and features. Based on the context definition, each application demands a context of interest to the middleware, and thus similar context-aware applications inherently share context information and procesing within the middleware. We show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the resource amounts of cpu, memory, and battery, and that the performance gain gets much more when multiple applications which need similar contexts are running.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Over the past three decades, neoliberalism has been pervasive and even normative in reorganizing housing systems, encouraging a decline in low-income housing. However, the way in which neoliberal prescriptions have impacted on housing processes has not necessarily been the same but has rather differed according to the indigenous social, economic, political, and institutional contexts of particular countries. In the case of Japan, neoliberalization has effectively combined with a traditionally residualized public housing to affect housing circumstances surrounding low-income people. This article explores transformations in low-income housing in Japan to demonstrate the importance of specific housing contexts in particular societies, in terms of looking at the impact neoliberalism has had on housing processes.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.129-153
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• 2007

When English language teachers are deciding on their priorities for teaching pronunciation, it is imperative to know what kind of differences and errors are most likely to interfere with communication, and what special problems particular first-language speakers will have with English pronunciation. In other words, phoneme discrimination skill is an integral part of speech processing for the EFL learners' learning to converse in English. Training using sound visualization technique can be effective in improving second language learners' perceptions and productions of segmental and suprasegmental speech contrasts. This study assessed the efficacy of a pronunciation training that provided visual feedback for EFL learners acquiring pitch and durational contrasts to produce and perceive English phonemic distinctions. The subjects' ability to produce and to perceive novel English words was tested in two contexts before and after training; words in isolation and words in sentences. In comparison with an untrained control group, trainees showed improved perceptual and productive performance, transferred their knowledge to new contexts, and maintained their improvement three months after training. These findings support the feasibility of learner-centered programs using sound visualization technique for English language pronunciation instruction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.158-161
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a level of contexts such as low level and high level contexts, and its criteria of categorization are the existence of interaction and composite process done by the inference mechanism. When there is no matching high level service for the associated high level context, this context is described as meaningless. If the services cannot be provided with the entities by the system, this situational information is of little consequence. To provide services with the entities, we propose "community computing" architectural concept which provide the high level service to a group of agents in a community, and can be managed by the service scenario

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.611-617
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• 2008

In ubiquitous environments, the content adaptable services can be dynamically provided to adapt the frequent changes of contexts. These services have common things that the kinds of context factors are limited to ubiquitous environment, though the contexts are flexible. To reuse service architecture can be reasonable for effective adaptable service. In this paper, we design a software architecture with product line techniques for content adaptable applications in ubiquitous environment. Description of product line is to define variation points and their variants, to find out the dependencies between them and to keep the model based architecture, their alternatives.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.7-16
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• 2006

Although several theories and models have been proposed to explain the effects of cultural differences in team decision making, many aspects of team decision-making in multi-cultural contexts such as team performance, team communication, and team cognition still remain unclear. In particular, little attention has paid to the empirical studies on team processes multi-cultural team members use to interact with each other to accomplish the task in different task environments. To investigate the effects of culture and task characteristics on team decision making behavior in multi-cultural contexts, this study compared culturally homogenous and heterogeneous groups in the context of logistics decision making. Results of the study showed that cultural difference and task complexity may affect team performance as well as team interaction process to varying degree.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.173-184
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• 2004

This study aims to discuss the test methodologies that evaluate the speech intelligibility of hearing-impaired adults using various contexts. Seven adults with severe hearing loss participated in the experiment. The context of the speech intelligibility consists of 77 pairs of one-syllable words with phonemic contrasts, 30 two-syllable words and the list of each 12 and 10 sentences. The speech intelligibility of various contexts had significant correlation, and both one-syllable words with phonemic contrasts and the sentence 1 had higher correlation than other tests. The one-syllable words with phonemic contrasts took longer to test than others, and it demanded more effort to select the pair of words. However, from the point of view of the identification of segmental difficulties, the one-syllable words with phonemic contrasts that reflected segmental factors contributing to the intelligibility was useful.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.91-109
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• 2014

Purpose: This study compares quality crisis and management at Hyundai Motor in the late 1990s and Toyota Motor in the late 2000s. We can expect to induce more meaningful policy implications in quality management from this in-depth comparative case study. Methods: This study compares two cases at Hyundai and Toyota Motor how to overcome quality crisis based on the OESP (Organization-Environments-Strategy- Performance) model. Results: Hyundai Motor shows centralized approach based on the asymmetric organizational culture and the entrepreneurial leadership but Toyota shows decentralized, systematic approach based on the steady state leadership and symmetric organizational culture. The CEO's leadership have proved to be one of the important factors at both companies. Conclusion: The effective quality management in global contexts has become more and more difficult for the 'complexity explosions' in automobile industry. As a consequence, the future competitive edge of world automobile industry will come from the effective quality management of products in global contexts.

• Language and Information
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

It has been observed that not all negative polarity items (NPIs) are licensed in the same negative contexts, and different NPIs may be licensed by different negative expressions. This shows that Ladusaw's (1979) downward entailment is not precise enough to account for the distributional patterns of NPIs (van der Wouden, 1997; van der Wouden and Zwarts, 1993; Zwarts, 1986, among others). One well-known attempt to deal with this issue is to divide negative expressions into several subtypes. Using boolean semantics, Zwarts (1986; 1998) distinguishes three kinds of downward entailing licensors and accounts for heterogeneous NPI-licensing conditions by means of the semantic strength of negative expressions. This approach has been adopted to define Korean negation (Nam, 1994; Chung, 1993; Chung, 1997; Hwang, 2009). In this paper, however, we argue that the boolean semantic approach for negation is not adequate in characterizing the properties of Korean negative expressions and explaining the contexts of licensing Korean NPIs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2006

Current context-aware applications In ubiquitous computing environments make the assumption that the context they are dealing with is correct. However, in reality, both sensed and interpreted context informations are often uncertain or imperfect. In this paper, we propose a probability extension model to ontology-based model for rep resenting uncertain contexts and use Bayesian networks to resolve about uncertainty of context informations. The proposed model can support the development and operation of various context-aware services, which are required in the ubiquitous computing environment.